The Sec61p Complex Mediates the Integration of a Membrane
... Plath et al., 1998). The polypeptide segment following the signal sequence is located in the aqueous pore of the channel and is transferred into the lumen of the ER as the chain is elongated during translation. For TM domains, the situation is more complex, however. Unlike signal sequences, they mus ...
... Plath et al., 1998). The polypeptide segment following the signal sequence is located in the aqueous pore of the channel and is transferred into the lumen of the ER as the chain is elongated during translation. For TM domains, the situation is more complex, however. Unlike signal sequences, they mus ...
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... different strategies to exploit the energy bound in plant cell walls. Aerobic cellulolytes (fungi, bacteria) typically produce high concentrations of numerous individual extracellular enzymes with binding modules for different types of substrates, whereas anaerobic microorganisms have developed more ...
... different strategies to exploit the energy bound in plant cell walls. Aerobic cellulolytes (fungi, bacteria) typically produce high concentrations of numerous individual extracellular enzymes with binding modules for different types of substrates, whereas anaerobic microorganisms have developed more ...
Ion homeostasis, channels, and transporters: an update on cellular
... The take-home message from these studies indicates that bound PTX directly affects the Na⫹-K⫹-ATPase by converting this archetypal active ion transporter into a non-selective cation channel that acts to dissipate the transmembrane Na⫹ and K⫹ gradients which are generated by the Na⫹-K⫹-ATPase acting ...
... The take-home message from these studies indicates that bound PTX directly affects the Na⫹-K⫹-ATPase by converting this archetypal active ion transporter into a non-selective cation channel that acts to dissipate the transmembrane Na⫹ and K⫹ gradients which are generated by the Na⫹-K⫹-ATPase acting ...
REVIEWS
... (and other) membranes, where they exert their functions (such as lipid modification or activation of small GTPases) or become effectively co-localized with partners in a signal-transduction pathway2,3. Some cellular compartments are ‘marked’ by the presence of specific lipids, and recognition of the ...
... (and other) membranes, where they exert their functions (such as lipid modification or activation of small GTPases) or become effectively co-localized with partners in a signal-transduction pathway2,3. Some cellular compartments are ‘marked’ by the presence of specific lipids, and recognition of the ...
3 - Dr. Jerry Cronin
... • Maintains electrochemical gradients essential for functions of muscle and nerve tissues • Allows all cells to maintain fluid volume ...
... • Maintains electrochemical gradients essential for functions of muscle and nerve tissues • Allows all cells to maintain fluid volume ...
Improved topology prediction using the terminal
... in topology prediction. A common feature in all these methods is that they identify hydrophobic TM helices and then combine these predictions with the positive-inside rule in order to determine the topology. The positive-inside rule is used to allow for less hydrophobic TMsegments to be recognized i ...
... in topology prediction. A common feature in all these methods is that they identify hydrophobic TM helices and then combine these predictions with the positive-inside rule in order to determine the topology. The positive-inside rule is used to allow for less hydrophobic TMsegments to be recognized i ...
the Sec7 family of guanine-nucleotide- exchange factors
... (Fig. 1). Although highly divergent in their overall sequence, these proteins share one common feature – a region of roughly 200 amino acids with strong homology to the yeast protein Sec7p, which has come to be known as the Sec7 domain. Chardin and colleagues established that guaninenucleotide-excha ...
... (Fig. 1). Although highly divergent in their overall sequence, these proteins share one common feature – a region of roughly 200 amino acids with strong homology to the yeast protein Sec7p, which has come to be known as the Sec7 domain. Chardin and colleagues established that guaninenucleotide-excha ...
Energetic Crosstalk Between Organelles
... the response remained, suggesting that most of the ATP used was of mitochondrial origin and not from external ATP. Thus, in normal hearts, mitochondrially produced ATP appeared far more effective in supporting SR calcium load than exogenous ATP, showing that mitochondria can effectively maintain hig ...
... the response remained, suggesting that most of the ATP used was of mitochondrial origin and not from external ATP. Thus, in normal hearts, mitochondrially produced ATP appeared far more effective in supporting SR calcium load than exogenous ATP, showing that mitochondria can effectively maintain hig ...
Cell biology # 2 - Nutley Public Schools
... • Maintains electrochemical gradients essential for functions of muscle and nerve tissues • Allows all cells to maintain fluid volume ...
... • Maintains electrochemical gradients essential for functions of muscle and nerve tissues • Allows all cells to maintain fluid volume ...
Energetic Crosstalk Between Organelles
... the response remained, suggesting that most of the ATP used was of mitochondrial origin and not from external ATP. Thus, in normal hearts, mitochondrially produced ATP appeared far more effective in supporting SR calcium load than exogenous ATP, showing that mitochondria can effectively maintain hig ...
... the response remained, suggesting that most of the ATP used was of mitochondrial origin and not from external ATP. Thus, in normal hearts, mitochondrially produced ATP appeared far more effective in supporting SR calcium load than exogenous ATP, showing that mitochondria can effectively maintain hig ...
Enzyme Substrate Interactions Identification of Enzyme Catalytic Site
... • Lock and key model. This means that the enzyme’s tertiary structure consists of a unique pocket or site which is tailor-made to fit only its substrate and nothing else, just as a key fits into a lock. • Induced-fit model: This updated model states that enzymes interact with substrates and in the p ...
... • Lock and key model. This means that the enzyme’s tertiary structure consists of a unique pocket or site which is tailor-made to fit only its substrate and nothing else, just as a key fits into a lock. • Induced-fit model: This updated model states that enzymes interact with substrates and in the p ...
18-3
... on the board, with an oval at the top containing Living Things. Beneath the title, write the word include. Then, draw three lines from that word to ovals containing the names of the domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Add linking words and ovals for the characteristics of each domain. Have stud ...
... on the board, with an oval at the top containing Living Things. Beneath the title, write the word include. Then, draw three lines from that word to ovals containing the names of the domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Add linking words and ovals for the characteristics of each domain. Have stud ...
Protein kinase inhibition: natural and synthetic variations on a theme
... The crystal structures of PKA [4] and twitchin [16**] support this mechanism of inhibition. The crystal structure of the C subunit of PKA w;1s first solved as a binary complex with a peptide derived from the heat stable protein kinase inhibitor (PKI) (residues 5-24). The PKI sequence resembles the c ...
... The crystal structures of PKA [4] and twitchin [16**] support this mechanism of inhibition. The crystal structure of the C subunit of PKA w;1s first solved as a binary complex with a peptide derived from the heat stable protein kinase inhibitor (PKI) (residues 5-24). The PKI sequence resembles the c ...
Protein 4.1, a component of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton and
... such as the binding of calmodulin-Ca2+ to protein 4.1R [92, 129] or the phosphorylation of protein 4.1R [59, 103]. In the presence of Ca2+, calmodulin reduces the affinity of protein 4.1R for the spectrin-actin complex and decreases the membrane mechanical stability [92]. Similarly, the phosphorylat ...
... such as the binding of calmodulin-Ca2+ to protein 4.1R [92, 129] or the phosphorylation of protein 4.1R [59, 103]. In the presence of Ca2+, calmodulin reduces the affinity of protein 4.1R for the spectrin-actin complex and decreases the membrane mechanical stability [92]. Similarly, the phosphorylat ...
lecture notes-enzyme-web
... - An enzyme solution has a fixed number of active sites to which substrate can bind. - At high substrate concentrations, all these sites may be occupied by substrates or the enzyme is ...
... - An enzyme solution has a fixed number of active sites to which substrate can bind. - At high substrate concentrations, all these sites may be occupied by substrates or the enzyme is ...
The scs Boundary Element: Characterization of Boundary Element
... Boundary elements are thought to define the peripheries of chromatin domains and to restrict enhancerpromoter interactions to their target genes within their domains. We previously characterized a cDNA encoding the BEAF-32A protein (32A), which binds with high affinity to the scs* boundary element f ...
... Boundary elements are thought to define the peripheries of chromatin domains and to restrict enhancerpromoter interactions to their target genes within their domains. We previously characterized a cDNA encoding the BEAF-32A protein (32A), which binds with high affinity to the scs* boundary element f ...
copy_of_secstruc
... DSSP: secondary structure assignment from PDB (Kabsch-Sander, 1983) • H = alpha helix • B = residue in isolated beta-bridge • E = extended strand, participates in beta ladder • G = 3-helix (3/10 helix) • I = 5 helix (pi helix) ...
... DSSP: secondary structure assignment from PDB (Kabsch-Sander, 1983) • H = alpha helix • B = residue in isolated beta-bridge • E = extended strand, participates in beta ladder • G = 3-helix (3/10 helix) • I = 5 helix (pi helix) ...
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
... reproducible, and appropriate to the specific application. Finally, a reporter system should be selected with minimal background interference from the samples analyzed (Sambrook et al., 1989). Luciferase genes are widely used reporter genes in procaryotic as well as eucaryotic systems because they pr ...
... reproducible, and appropriate to the specific application. Finally, a reporter system should be selected with minimal background interference from the samples analyzed (Sambrook et al., 1989). Luciferase genes are widely used reporter genes in procaryotic as well as eucaryotic systems because they pr ...
1 ENZYMES Introduction Enzyme Kinetics
... Enzymes are biological catalysts that carry out thousands of chemical reactions in living cells. They are generally large proteins made up of several hundred amino acids. Enzymes often contain a nonproteinaceous group called the "prosthetic group" that is important in the reaction. Prosthetic groups ...
... Enzymes are biological catalysts that carry out thousands of chemical reactions in living cells. They are generally large proteins made up of several hundred amino acids. Enzymes often contain a nonproteinaceous group called the "prosthetic group" that is important in the reaction. Prosthetic groups ...
PhD értekezés tézisei
... thus from the thermograms we can draw the conclusions only carefully, however the DSC is a very good complementary of the EPR results. In strongly and weakly actin binding states the thermograms could be decomposed into three separate transitions in the main transition temperature range. Considering ...
... thus from the thermograms we can draw the conclusions only carefully, however the DSC is a very good complementary of the EPR results. In strongly and weakly actin binding states the thermograms could be decomposed into three separate transitions in the main transition temperature range. Considering ...
ERdj5, an Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
... (6, 7). Genes induced during the UPR share regulatory sequences, ER stress elements (ERSEs), or a UPR element (6, ...
... (6, 7). Genes induced during the UPR share regulatory sequences, ER stress elements (ERSEs), or a UPR element (6, ...
Defining the impact on yeast ATP synthase of two pathogenic
... and prevents ATP hydrolysis [37]. The imposed was then collapsed with KCN and less than 2 minutes later ATP was added, i.e. well before rebinding of IF1 to F1 could occur. The added ATP is counter-exchanged for ADP in the matrix compartment and is then hydrolyzed by the ATP synthase coupled to t ...
... and prevents ATP hydrolysis [37]. The imposed was then collapsed with KCN and less than 2 minutes later ATP was added, i.e. well before rebinding of IF1 to F1 could occur. The added ATP is counter-exchanged for ADP in the matrix compartment and is then hydrolyzed by the ATP synthase coupled to t ...
Peptide inhibitors of the essential cell division protein FtsA
... 2000; Lowe et al., 2004). Accumulating evidence suggests that FtsA plays the role of a motor protein in providing energy for constriction by way of its ATPase activity (Nanninga, 1998; Feucht et al., 2001; Errington et al., 2003). Hence this cytoplasmic enzyme and its protein interactions remain to ...
... 2000; Lowe et al., 2004). Accumulating evidence suggests that FtsA plays the role of a motor protein in providing energy for constriction by way of its ATPase activity (Nanninga, 1998; Feucht et al., 2001; Errington et al., 2003). Hence this cytoplasmic enzyme and its protein interactions remain to ...
The Plant Journal
... Apart from difference in subcellular localization, the cellular functions of dynamin-like proteins revealed so far are very different from those of the mammalian dynamins. In animals, dynamins are major mechanoenzymes that are involved in both clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent receptor-med ...
... Apart from difference in subcellular localization, the cellular functions of dynamin-like proteins revealed so far are very different from those of the mammalian dynamins. In animals, dynamins are major mechanoenzymes that are involved in both clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent receptor-med ...
P-type ATPase
The P-type ATPases, also known as E1-E2 ATPases, are a large group of evolutionarily related ion and lipid pumps that are found in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. They are α-helical bundle primary transporters referred to as P-type ATPases because they catalyze auto- (or self-) phosphorylation of a key conserved aspartate residue within the pump. In addition, they all appear to interconvert between at least two different conformations, denoted by E1 and E2.Most members of this transporter family are specific for the pumping of a large array of cations, however one subfamily is involved in flipping phospholipids to maintain the asymmetric nature of the biomembrane.Prominent examples of P-type ATPases are the sodium-potassium pump (Na+,K+-ATPase), the plasma membrane proton pump (H+-ATPase), the proton-potassium pump (H+,K+-ATPase), and the calcium pump (Ca2+-ATPase).