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... to be removed during the activation, either by other MMPs or other proteases. The catalytic domain contains the zinc-binding motif HEXXHXXGXXH, where three histidine residues coordinate a zinc ion, and also a conserved methionine residue, forming a ‘Met-turn’, which contributes to protect the cataly ...
... to be removed during the activation, either by other MMPs or other proteases. The catalytic domain contains the zinc-binding motif HEXXHXXGXXH, where three histidine residues coordinate a zinc ion, and also a conserved methionine residue, forming a ‘Met-turn’, which contributes to protect the cataly ...
Chapter 5: Membrane Structure and Function 5.1 Membrane Models
... 4. Active transport is transport of specific solutes across plasma membranes against the concentration gradient through use of cellular energy (ATP). a. Iodine is concentrated in cells of thyroid gland, glucose is completely absorbed into lining of digestive tract, and sodium is mostly reabsorbed by ...
... 4. Active transport is transport of specific solutes across plasma membranes against the concentration gradient through use of cellular energy (ATP). a. Iodine is concentrated in cells of thyroid gland, glucose is completely absorbed into lining of digestive tract, and sodium is mostly reabsorbed by ...
(Extrinsic) Proteins
... Channel selectivity is determined by the conserved residues at the P-regions. ...
... Channel selectivity is determined by the conserved residues at the P-regions. ...
Characterization of Phosphorylation Sites from the Activation Loop
... a broadly expanded family of proteins that feature a conserved catalytic domain. Within the catalytic domain, twelve extremely conserved subdomains involved in ATP binding and the phosphotransfer reaction have been well characterized. Our group has been investigating the distribution and evolutionar ...
... a broadly expanded family of proteins that feature a conserved catalytic domain. Within the catalytic domain, twelve extremely conserved subdomains involved in ATP binding and the phosphotransfer reaction have been well characterized. Our group has been investigating the distribution and evolutionar ...
Endocrine System: Overview
... a. energizing ATP energy is used to move the myosin head from a low energy position to a high energy, ready position.released with myosin and actin interact. b. detaching ATP energy is used to detach the myosin head from its binding site on the actin filament during muscle contraction. ...
... a. energizing ATP energy is used to move the myosin head from a low energy position to a high energy, ready position.released with myosin and actin interact. b. detaching ATP energy is used to detach the myosin head from its binding site on the actin filament during muscle contraction. ...
Gene Section SEMA3F (sema domain, immunoglobulin domain 3F)
... between somites in which they are expressed. However, Sema3A and Sema3F-induced ERK1 / ERK2 inhibition is unrelated to the ability of VEGF to induce phosphorylation of VEGFR2, suggesting that while antagonistic the semaphorin effects may not be directly competitive in terms of binding. A major conse ...
... between somites in which they are expressed. However, Sema3A and Sema3F-induced ERK1 / ERK2 inhibition is unrelated to the ability of VEGF to induce phosphorylation of VEGFR2, suggesting that while antagonistic the semaphorin effects may not be directly competitive in terms of binding. A major conse ...
Kingdom Fungi
... • Originally consisted of all unicellular eukaryotes • was paraphyletic • The 15 major protist phyla are grouped into seven major monophyletic groups -However, 60 lineages cannot be placed with confidence ...
... • Originally consisted of all unicellular eukaryotes • was paraphyletic • The 15 major protist phyla are grouped into seven major monophyletic groups -However, 60 lineages cannot be placed with confidence ...
Gram-Negative Bacteria: “Inner” vs. “Cytoplasmic” or “Plasma
... Mycobacteria and other Corynebacterineae are Gram-positives which exhibit an outer membrane containing mycolic acid and other complex lipids [10], but see also ref 2 for additional models of outer cell envelopes in prokaryotes). In contrast to those of Gram-negatives, their outer membranes appear to ...
... Mycobacteria and other Corynebacterineae are Gram-positives which exhibit an outer membrane containing mycolic acid and other complex lipids [10], but see also ref 2 for additional models of outer cell envelopes in prokaryotes). In contrast to those of Gram-negatives, their outer membranes appear to ...
themes and objectives
... Discuss various illnesses caused by specific types of bacteria. Thoroughly discuss the role of antibiotics in fighting bacterial infections and how bacteria counter this through resistance. ...
... Discuss various illnesses caused by specific types of bacteria. Thoroughly discuss the role of antibiotics in fighting bacterial infections and how bacteria counter this through resistance. ...
A brief history of ATP
... Abrahams and fellow laboratory worker Dr Andrew Leslie. The resulting X-ray pattern was analysed by ...
... Abrahams and fellow laboratory worker Dr Andrew Leslie. The resulting X-ray pattern was analysed by ...
active transport
... • For a cell living in an isotonic environment (for example, many marine invertebrates) osmosis is not a problem. – Similarly, the cells of most land animals are bathed in an extracellular fluid that is isotonic to the cells. ...
... • For a cell living in an isotonic environment (for example, many marine invertebrates) osmosis is not a problem. – Similarly, the cells of most land animals are bathed in an extracellular fluid that is isotonic to the cells. ...
Slide 1
... by beta-sheets in which case the outside of the sheet interacts with the lipids of the bilayer. Hydrophobic surfaces: Some proteins associate with the bilayer through hydrophobic areas on their surfaces which protrude into the bilayer but do not span it. Covalent attachment of hydrophobic “anchor”: ...
... by beta-sheets in which case the outside of the sheet interacts with the lipids of the bilayer. Hydrophobic surfaces: Some proteins associate with the bilayer through hydrophobic areas on their surfaces which protrude into the bilayer but do not span it. Covalent attachment of hydrophobic “anchor”: ...
Pumping Protons against Gradients into a Plant Vacuole
... (V-ATPase) and H+-pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase), use ATP and pyrophosphate (P2O74-, PPi), respectively, as energy sources to transport protons into a vacuole in plants. To understand the function and the mechanism of H+-pyrophosphatase, Dr. Sun’s group determined the structure of H+-pyrophosphatase (Vr ...
... (V-ATPase) and H+-pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase), use ATP and pyrophosphate (P2O74-, PPi), respectively, as energy sources to transport protons into a vacuole in plants. To understand the function and the mechanism of H+-pyrophosphatase, Dr. Sun’s group determined the structure of H+-pyrophosphatase (Vr ...
Survival Strategies and Membrane Properties of
... Arnold Driessen was born in 1958 in Horst, the Netherlands. From 1997 to 1983, he studied biology at the University of Groningen, and in 1987 obtained his PhD on the thesis “Amino acid transport in lactic streptococci” under the supervision of Prof.dr. Konings. He then became scientific officer in t ...
... Arnold Driessen was born in 1958 in Horst, the Netherlands. From 1997 to 1983, he studied biology at the University of Groningen, and in 1987 obtained his PhD on the thesis “Amino acid transport in lactic streptococci” under the supervision of Prof.dr. Konings. He then became scientific officer in t ...
The Plant Cell - College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural
... Expression of some PM H 1-ATPases is developmentally regulated in a cell- and tissue-specific manner, as is revealed by strong immunostaining of the epidermis, root hairs, and phloem in multiple plant species (e.g., Paret-Soler et al., 1990; Bouche-Pillon et al., 1994). RNA gel blots further indicat ...
... Expression of some PM H 1-ATPases is developmentally regulated in a cell- and tissue-specific manner, as is revealed by strong immunostaining of the epidermis, root hairs, and phloem in multiple plant species (e.g., Paret-Soler et al., 1990; Bouche-Pillon et al., 1994). RNA gel blots further indicat ...
Interpro - European Bioinformatics Institute
... – what are these proteins; to what family do they belong? – what is their function; how can we explain this in structural terms? ...
... – what are these proteins; to what family do they belong? – what is their function; how can we explain this in structural terms? ...
Intrinsically Disordered Linker and Plasma Membrane
... (Figures 2E and S2). From these studies, we concluded that the N-terminus of Ssy1 sorts a TM segment to the cell periphery and encodes a PMB sequence. We next asked whether the recruitment of Ssy1 to the periphery is because of either a PM tethering of an ER-resident TM domain, like for Ist2, or the ...
... (Figures 2E and S2). From these studies, we concluded that the N-terminus of Ssy1 sorts a TM segment to the cell periphery and encodes a PMB sequence. We next asked whether the recruitment of Ssy1 to the periphery is because of either a PM tethering of an ER-resident TM domain, like for Ist2, or the ...
Exonuclease active site: a more complete description
... of the nucleophilic water in the phi29 structure. The metal ion binding sites in phi29 have been mutated (D12A/D66A) (Bernad et al., 1989) to allow formation of a stable substrate complex. Due to these mutations and to coordination geometry constraints, the atoms occupying these sites cannot be unam ...
... of the nucleophilic water in the phi29 structure. The metal ion binding sites in phi29 have been mutated (D12A/D66A) (Bernad et al., 1989) to allow formation of a stable substrate complex. Due to these mutations and to coordination geometry constraints, the atoms occupying these sites cannot be unam ...
Topic 3 The chemistry of life
... the reactions may occur faster. Enzymes are organic catalysts. They are proteins. The amino acids that make up these enzymes allow a tertiary and/or quaternary structure. Because each enzyme has a specific amino acid sequence, enzymes have a specific three-dimensional shape. The molecule an enzy ...
... the reactions may occur faster. Enzymes are organic catalysts. They are proteins. The amino acids that make up these enzymes allow a tertiary and/or quaternary structure. Because each enzyme has a specific amino acid sequence, enzymes have a specific three-dimensional shape. The molecule an enzy ...
Topic 3 The chemistry of life
... the reactions may occur faster. Enzymes are organic catalysts. They are proteins. The amino acids that make up these enzymes allow a tertiary and/or quaternary structure. Because each enzyme has a specific amino acid sequence, enzymes have a specific three-dimensional shape. The molecule an enzy ...
... the reactions may occur faster. Enzymes are organic catalysts. They are proteins. The amino acids that make up these enzymes allow a tertiary and/or quaternary structure. Because each enzyme has a specific amino acid sequence, enzymes have a specific three-dimensional shape. The molecule an enzy ...
18.3 Notes
... Genetic analysis has revealed that the two main prokaryotic kingdoms are more different from each other, and from eukaryotes, than previously thought. So, biologists established a new taxonomic category—the domain. A domain is a larger, more inclusive category than a kingdom. Under this system, ther ...
... Genetic analysis has revealed that the two main prokaryotic kingdoms are more different from each other, and from eukaryotes, than previously thought. So, biologists established a new taxonomic category—the domain. A domain is a larger, more inclusive category than a kingdom. Under this system, ther ...
18.3 Notes
... Genetic analysis has revealed that the two main prokaryotic kingdoms are more different from each other, and from eukaryotes, than previously thought. So, biologists established a new taxonomic category—the domain. A domain is a larger, more inclusive category than a kingdom. Under this system, ther ...
... Genetic analysis has revealed that the two main prokaryotic kingdoms are more different from each other, and from eukaryotes, than previously thought. So, biologists established a new taxonomic category—the domain. A domain is a larger, more inclusive category than a kingdom. Under this system, ther ...
and y-crystallin X - Prof. N. Srinivasan
... locations of these proteins in the lens. y-Crystallins are found mainly in the central densely packed core region of the lens, whereas yS-crystallin occurs in the more hydrated outerregion: this has led to the notion that their different interactions with protein and solvent may contribute to the ov ...
... locations of these proteins in the lens. y-Crystallins are found mainly in the central densely packed core region of the lens, whereas yS-crystallin occurs in the more hydrated outerregion: this has led to the notion that their different interactions with protein and solvent may contribute to the ov ...
P-type ATPase
The P-type ATPases, also known as E1-E2 ATPases, are a large group of evolutionarily related ion and lipid pumps that are found in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. They are α-helical bundle primary transporters referred to as P-type ATPases because they catalyze auto- (or self-) phosphorylation of a key conserved aspartate residue within the pump. In addition, they all appear to interconvert between at least two different conformations, denoted by E1 and E2.Most members of this transporter family are specific for the pumping of a large array of cations, however one subfamily is involved in flipping phospholipids to maintain the asymmetric nature of the biomembrane.Prominent examples of P-type ATPases are the sodium-potassium pump (Na+,K+-ATPase), the plasma membrane proton pump (H+-ATPase), the proton-potassium pump (H+,K+-ATPase), and the calcium pump (Ca2+-ATPase).