Chapter 122: Neurocircuitry Of Parkinson`s Disease
... shown that these neurons are different from corticospinal projection neurons (20,295) and tend to have slower conduction velocities and lower spontaneous rates, and are usually not responding to somatosensory input. According to the current model of the functions of the basal ganglia–thalamocortical ...
... shown that these neurons are different from corticospinal projection neurons (20,295) and tend to have slower conduction velocities and lower spontaneous rates, and are usually not responding to somatosensory input. According to the current model of the functions of the basal ganglia–thalamocortical ...
Throwing while looking through prisms
... in the hospital and out-patient departments of neurological and neurorehabilitation services or by referral from local hospitals. All subjects were informed of the procedure, which had been approved by the Human Studies Committee of Washington University School of Medicine, and they gave informed co ...
... in the hospital and out-patient departments of neurological and neurorehabilitation services or by referral from local hospitals. All subjects were informed of the procedure, which had been approved by the Human Studies Committee of Washington University School of Medicine, and they gave informed co ...
ppt - UCSD Cognitive Science
... Where do motor areas end and decision-making begin? Primary motor cortex (M1) ...
... Where do motor areas end and decision-making begin? Primary motor cortex (M1) ...
Viktor`s Notes * Optic Nerve and Visual Pathways Disorders
... potential latency almost always remains prolonged). b) postneuritic optic atrophy with varying degrees of vision loss. *warn patients about Uhthoff symptom so that they do not think they are having recurrence. 20% cases recur (with each episode, chances for visual recovery decrease - permanent tot ...
... potential latency almost always remains prolonged). b) postneuritic optic atrophy with varying degrees of vision loss. *warn patients about Uhthoff symptom so that they do not think they are having recurrence. 20% cases recur (with each episode, chances for visual recovery decrease - permanent tot ...
Basal Ganglia - Adaptive Behaviour Research Group
... a group of highly interconnected brain structures with a critical influence over movement and cognition. The importance of these nuclei for a cluster of human brain disorders including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and schizophrenia, has produced a century or more of strong clinical int ...
... a group of highly interconnected brain structures with a critical influence over movement and cognition. The importance of these nuclei for a cluster of human brain disorders including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and schizophrenia, has produced a century or more of strong clinical int ...
Oriented Axon Projections in Primary Visual Cortex of the Monkey
... to layer 4 in the cat, but this idea has never been examined in primates. Another source for patterned input related to orientation tuning is the extensive lateral circuitry found in layers 2/3 and 4B (Rockland and Lund, 1983). These intralaminar projections could capture the spatial geometry of a l ...
... to layer 4 in the cat, but this idea has never been examined in primates. Another source for patterned input related to orientation tuning is the extensive lateral circuitry found in layers 2/3 and 4B (Rockland and Lund, 1983). These intralaminar projections could capture the spatial geometry of a l ...
Hands Up: Attentional Prioritization of Space Near the Hand
... location. Thus, these neurons are said to represent the position of stimuli relative to the hand. In other words, they represent an object’s position in hand-centered coordinates, not in retinal- or head-centered coordinates. The response patterns of such neurons suggest that the strength of a given ...
... location. Thus, these neurons are said to represent the position of stimuli relative to the hand. In other words, they represent an object’s position in hand-centered coordinates, not in retinal- or head-centered coordinates. The response patterns of such neurons suggest that the strength of a given ...
Mechanisms for generating and compensating for the
... Kliegl, 2003). In these studies, the question was no longer whether microsaccades are necessary for vision or for oculomotor control, but whether similar interactions between cognition and saccades could be found at the level of microsaccades. These results ushered in a new array of queries about th ...
... Kliegl, 2003). In these studies, the question was no longer whether microsaccades are necessary for vision or for oculomotor control, but whether similar interactions between cognition and saccades could be found at the level of microsaccades. These results ushered in a new array of queries about th ...
Cortex, Cognition and the Cell: New Insights into the Pyramidal
... Lessons from Sensory Cortex Of all cortical regions in the brain, the most extensively studied is sensory cortex. In particular, the visual cortex of the macaque monkey has been the focus of much interest due to its parallels with the human visual system (Kaas, 1992). Visual cortex, like other senso ...
... Lessons from Sensory Cortex Of all cortical regions in the brain, the most extensively studied is sensory cortex. In particular, the visual cortex of the macaque monkey has been the focus of much interest due to its parallels with the human visual system (Kaas, 1992). Visual cortex, like other senso ...
Temporal reproduction and its neuroanatomical correlates in adults
... Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence (Kieling et al., 2010) and is one of the most underdiagnosed psychiatric disorders in adults (Faraone, 2007). It is defined with age inappropriate symptoms of hyperactivi ...
... Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence (Kieling et al., 2010) and is one of the most underdiagnosed psychiatric disorders in adults (Faraone, 2007). It is defined with age inappropriate symptoms of hyperactivi ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... location cue, the screen location of the flow field’s center of motion. We conclude that MSTd responses are not rigidly linked to specific stimuli, but rather are transformed by the task relevance of cues that guide performance in learned, naturalistic behaviors. Key words: cortical neurons; navigat ...
... location cue, the screen location of the flow field’s center of motion. We conclude that MSTd responses are not rigidly linked to specific stimuli, but rather are transformed by the task relevance of cues that guide performance in learned, naturalistic behaviors. Key words: cortical neurons; navigat ...
Visual and Oculomotor Functions of Monkey Subthalamic Nucleus
... period of time ( 1S-2.5 s), and another spot of light [target point on-line on the computer monitor. (T)] cameon at the sametime. The target point dimmed after a The monkey’sbehavior wascontinuously monitored by an inrandom period of time (0.5-2.0 s). The monkey madea saccade frared camera. The came ...
... period of time ( 1S-2.5 s), and another spot of light [target point on-line on the computer monitor. (T)] cameon at the sametime. The target point dimmed after a The monkey’sbehavior wascontinuously monitored by an inrandom period of time (0.5-2.0 s). The monkey madea saccade frared camera. The came ...
Neuronal representation of visual motion and orientation in the fly
... the results section “Neuronal activity is tuned to grating orientation, but not motion direction”). The TFT display (F510EK005, Reikotronic, Cologne, Germany, 10.4 LED backlit LCD, nominal maximal white luminance: 1000 cdm−2 ) with a frame rate of 60 Hz was used to present various motion or flicke ...
... the results section “Neuronal activity is tuned to grating orientation, but not motion direction”). The TFT display (F510EK005, Reikotronic, Cologne, Germany, 10.4 LED backlit LCD, nominal maximal white luminance: 1000 cdm−2 ) with a frame rate of 60 Hz was used to present various motion or flicke ...
Rapidly progressive Alzheimer`s disease features
... distinct amyloid-b42 particles that differ in size, display of N-terminal and C-terminal domains, and conformational stability. In contrast, amyloid-b40 present at low levels did not form a major particle with discernible size, and both N-terminal and C- terminal domains were largely exposed. Rapidl ...
... distinct amyloid-b42 particles that differ in size, display of N-terminal and C-terminal domains, and conformational stability. In contrast, amyloid-b40 present at low levels did not form a major particle with discernible size, and both N-terminal and C- terminal domains were largely exposed. Rapidl ...
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VISUAL AREA MT
... Cortical feedforward inputs to MT come from several areas, including V1, V2, V3, V3A, VP, and PIP (Maunsell & Van Essen 1983c, Felleman & Van Essen 1991); those from V2, V1, and V3 are the largest inputs, judging from the numbers of labeled neurons in each area after MT injections (Maunsell & Van Es ...
... Cortical feedforward inputs to MT come from several areas, including V1, V2, V3, V3A, VP, and PIP (Maunsell & Van Essen 1983c, Felleman & Van Essen 1991); those from V2, V1, and V3 are the largest inputs, judging from the numbers of labeled neurons in each area after MT injections (Maunsell & Van Es ...
Neuronal basis of contrast discrimination
... Psychophysical contrast increment thresholds were compared with neuronal responses, inferred from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test the hypothesis that contrast discrimination judgements are limited by neuronal signals in early visual cortical areas. FMRI was used to measure human ...
... Psychophysical contrast increment thresholds were compared with neuronal responses, inferred from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test the hypothesis that contrast discrimination judgements are limited by neuronal signals in early visual cortical areas. FMRI was used to measure human ...
Task-dependent plasticity of spectrotemporal receptive fields in
... task performance, (2) rapid – occurring within minutes of a change in task requirements or acoustics, (3) measured in the awake, behaving animal. There is some evidence that plasticity in the auditory system may also occur subcortically, perhaps due to corticofugal projections, but we will not discu ...
... task performance, (2) rapid – occurring within minutes of a change in task requirements or acoustics, (3) measured in the awake, behaving animal. There is some evidence that plasticity in the auditory system may also occur subcortically, perhaps due to corticofugal projections, but we will not discu ...
Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Purposive - lsr
... (CD) and putamen (PUT) (collectively called striatum), globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus (STN).1 The globus pallidus is further divided into the external segment (GPe) and the internal segment (GPi); the substantia nigra is divided into the pars reticulata (SNr) and pars com ...
... (CD) and putamen (PUT) (collectively called striatum), globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus (STN).1 The globus pallidus is further divided into the external segment (GPe) and the internal segment (GPi); the substantia nigra is divided into the pars reticulata (SNr) and pars com ...
Models and Measurements of Functional Maps in V1
... erated using square-wave gratings (the sum of many sinusoidal gratings), so they have power over a wide range of spatiotemporal frequencies at the same orientation. Because these stimuli contain multiple frequencies, they are poorly suited for isolating single spatiotemporal frequencies, as required ...
... erated using square-wave gratings (the sum of many sinusoidal gratings), so they have power over a wide range of spatiotemporal frequencies at the same orientation. Because these stimuli contain multiple frequencies, they are poorly suited for isolating single spatiotemporal frequencies, as required ...
The Control of Voluntary Eye Movements: New Perspectives
... voluntary eye movements. First, recent experiments have shown that pursuit and saccades are not controlled by entirely different neural pathways but are controlled by similar networks of cortical and subcortical regions and, in some cases, by the same neurons. Second, pursuit and saccades are not au ...
... voluntary eye movements. First, recent experiments have shown that pursuit and saccades are not controlled by entirely different neural pathways but are controlled by similar networks of cortical and subcortical regions and, in some cases, by the same neurons. Second, pursuit and saccades are not au ...
Structure and Function of Visual Area MT
... Cortical feedforward inputs to MT come from several areas, including V1, V2, V3, V3A, VP, and PIP (Maunsell & Van Essen 1983c, Felleman & Van Essen 1991); those from V2, V1, and V3 are the largest inputs, judging from the numbers of labeled neurons in each area after MT injections (Maunsell & Van Es ...
... Cortical feedforward inputs to MT come from several areas, including V1, V2, V3, V3A, VP, and PIP (Maunsell & Van Essen 1983c, Felleman & Van Essen 1991); those from V2, V1, and V3 are the largest inputs, judging from the numbers of labeled neurons in each area after MT injections (Maunsell & Van Es ...
Prefrontal Activation Deficits During Episodic Memory in
... designed to improve prefrontal cortex function may therefore hold special promise for remediating memory deficits in patients with schizophrenia. Individuals with schizophrenia have pronounced episodic memory impairments (1) that are not explained by demographic variables such as education or sex (2 ...
... designed to improve prefrontal cortex function may therefore hold special promise for remediating memory deficits in patients with schizophrenia. Individuals with schizophrenia have pronounced episodic memory impairments (1) that are not explained by demographic variables such as education or sex (2 ...
Topographic Maps in Human Frontal Cortex Revealed in Memory
... doi:10.1152/jn.00010.2007. We used fMRI at 3 Tesla and improved spatial resolution (2 ⫻ 2 ⫻ 2 mm3) to investigate topographic organization in human frontal cortex using memory-guided response tasks performed at 8 or 12 peripheral locations arranged clockwise around a central fixation point. The task ...
... doi:10.1152/jn.00010.2007. We used fMRI at 3 Tesla and improved spatial resolution (2 ⫻ 2 ⫻ 2 mm3) to investigate topographic organization in human frontal cortex using memory-guided response tasks performed at 8 or 12 peripheral locations arranged clockwise around a central fixation point. The task ...
Diagnostic History of Traumatic Axonal Injury in Patients with
... AND MILD TBI Cerebral concussion is a transient disorder of brain function without long-term sequelae [18]. Therefore, patients with concussion should make a complete recovery with no sequelae. However, a significant proportion of patients with concussion showed sequelae with a reported incidence of ...
... AND MILD TBI Cerebral concussion is a transient disorder of brain function without long-term sequelae [18]. Therefore, patients with concussion should make a complete recovery with no sequelae. However, a significant proportion of patients with concussion showed sequelae with a reported incidence of ...
directional asymmetries of optokinetic nystagmus: developmental
... yields slow-phase velocity measurements larger than those obtained by averaging over the duration of each slow phase, it is approximately equivalent to the commonly used procedure of measuring the envelope of the OKN responses as seen on recordings made at a slow chart speed (such as Fig. 2). Both p ...
... yields slow-phase velocity measurements larger than those obtained by averaging over the duration of each slow phase, it is approximately equivalent to the commonly used procedure of measuring the envelope of the OKN responses as seen on recordings made at a slow chart speed (such as Fig. 2). Both p ...