What is a traumatic brain injury
... A small subset of individuals with mild TBI continue to experience persisting physical, cognitive, and/or emotional symptoms following their injuries. While not well understood at this time, the presence of persisting symptoms is likely due to multiple variables, including biomechanics of the injury ...
... A small subset of individuals with mild TBI continue to experience persisting physical, cognitive, and/or emotional symptoms following their injuries. While not well understood at this time, the presence of persisting symptoms is likely due to multiple variables, including biomechanics of the injury ...
NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS NEURONAL ACTIVITY DURING A
... enhancement of instrumental responding in a Pavlovian-to-Instrumental transfer task (Hall, Parkinson, Connor, Dickinson, & Everitt, 2001). Indeed, animals with NAc lesions, even if made after FOC, are unable to use the motivational value of a CS to acquire and express new responses in SOC (McDannal ...
... enhancement of instrumental responding in a Pavlovian-to-Instrumental transfer task (Hall, Parkinson, Connor, Dickinson, & Everitt, 2001). Indeed, animals with NAc lesions, even if made after FOC, are unable to use the motivational value of a CS to acquire and express new responses in SOC (McDannal ...
Examples of well-written lab reports, by section
... On the other hand, the data suggests that in the case of audio signals, neither prompts nor priming contributed to significantly altering the response time. An experiment published a few years ago showed that for long term auditory memory, priming does lead to a decreased reaction time (Schweinberge ...
... On the other hand, the data suggests that in the case of audio signals, neither prompts nor priming contributed to significantly altering the response time. An experiment published a few years ago showed that for long term auditory memory, priming does lead to a decreased reaction time (Schweinberge ...
Cortical connections of the visuomotor parietooccipital
... Standard visual stimuli (different in form, color, size, orientation, and direction and speed of movement) were used for testing the visual responsiveness of cells in record and for mapping their visual receptive fields. At the end of recording sessions, neural tracers were injected by using a “recor ...
... Standard visual stimuli (different in form, color, size, orientation, and direction and speed of movement) were used for testing the visual responsiveness of cells in record and for mapping their visual receptive fields. At the end of recording sessions, neural tracers were injected by using a “recor ...
Information processing in the cortex: The relevance of coherent oscillations for neuronal communication
... for excitatory neurons and I for inhibitory ones). Several different (and sometimes reduced) cases of this type of network have been studied. Eeckman & Freeman (1990) developed a model for induced rhythms in olfactory structures, in which synchronous oscillation was generated by a feedback loop betw ...
... for excitatory neurons and I for inhibitory ones). Several different (and sometimes reduced) cases of this type of network have been studied. Eeckman & Freeman (1990) developed a model for induced rhythms in olfactory structures, in which synchronous oscillation was generated by a feedback loop betw ...
4. Conclusions and Perspectives - RuCCS
... in cases of blindness of peripheral origin lack of vision can progressively lead to representational disorders. However, in patients suffering from peripheral visual deficits, representational disorders can partially or completely be compensated by other sensory modalities as well as by cortical reo ...
... in cases of blindness of peripheral origin lack of vision can progressively lead to representational disorders. However, in patients suffering from peripheral visual deficits, representational disorders can partially or completely be compensated by other sensory modalities as well as by cortical reo ...
Confabulation: Damage to a specific inferior medial prefrontal system
... Analysis of lesion site amongst the frontal group was conducted following an approach based on that of Stuss et al. (2002). A radiologist (TY) blind to the nature of the patient’s behavioural deficit examined MRI (or CT where MRI was unavailable) scans and coded each for the presence or absence of l ...
... Analysis of lesion site amongst the frontal group was conducted following an approach based on that of Stuss et al. (2002). A radiologist (TY) blind to the nature of the patient’s behavioural deficit examined MRI (or CT where MRI was unavailable) scans and coded each for the presence or absence of l ...
The neural mechanisms of perceptual filling-in
... bar was superimposed on an ellipse, and measured the spread of attention between the bar and ellipse. They manipulated the depth order of the bar and the ellipse by changing the binocular disparity of the stimulus. In one situation, the ellipse was perceived to be in front of the bar, and the ellips ...
... bar was superimposed on an ellipse, and measured the spread of attention between the bar and ellipse. They manipulated the depth order of the bar and the ellipse by changing the binocular disparity of the stimulus. In one situation, the ellipse was perceived to be in front of the bar, and the ellips ...
Brain regions involved in heading estimation and steering control in
... egocentric strategy, although with a substantially higher degree of error when compared to walking with optic flow available. Furthermore, participants displayed increased reliance on optic flow to reach a target when optic flow was available, reaching heading errors below 2o from the intended goal. ...
... egocentric strategy, although with a substantially higher degree of error when compared to walking with optic flow available. Furthermore, participants displayed increased reliance on optic flow to reach a target when optic flow was available, reaching heading errors below 2o from the intended goal. ...
Increased taste intensity perception exhibited by
... combinations of these, or idiopathic (Deyo and Weinstein, 2001). The clinical data indicated that one of 11 patients had primarily musculoskeletal diagnoses, five had pure radiculopathy, and five had a mixture of musculoskeletal and radiculopathic pain. Patients with CBP were not included in the stu ...
... combinations of these, or idiopathic (Deyo and Weinstein, 2001). The clinical data indicated that one of 11 patients had primarily musculoskeletal diagnoses, five had pure radiculopathy, and five had a mixture of musculoskeletal and radiculopathic pain. Patients with CBP were not included in the stu ...
Imagery and Perception Share Cortical
... perception condition, the pictures (size 4.8) were presented for 4 s at a position either 6 left or right of fixation (Fig. 1B,C) in pseudorandom order. In the imagery condition, participants received auditory cues that indicated the location at which to imagine an object (left or right of fixation) ...
... perception condition, the pictures (size 4.8) were presented for 4 s at a position either 6 left or right of fixation (Fig. 1B,C) in pseudorandom order. In the imagery condition, participants received auditory cues that indicated the location at which to imagine an object (left or right of fixation) ...
invariant face and object recognition in the visual system
... results of the experiments of Rolls et al., 1996a) indicate that the activity of 15 neurons would be able to encode 192 face stimuli (at 50~0 accuracy), of 20 neurons 768 stimuli, of 25 neurons 3072 stimuli, of 30 neurons 12288 stimuli, and of 35 neurons 49152 stimuli (Abbott et al., 1996; the value ...
... results of the experiments of Rolls et al., 1996a) indicate that the activity of 15 neurons would be able to encode 192 face stimuli (at 50~0 accuracy), of 20 neurons 768 stimuli, of 25 neurons 3072 stimuli, of 30 neurons 12288 stimuli, and of 35 neurons 49152 stimuli (Abbott et al., 1996; the value ...
with task performance neural responses and determining their
... where bij indicates the jth element of the ith vector bi. The final orthonormal basis obtained for our experiment is shown in Fig. 1D. A crucial requirement is that the originally defined vectors v1 . . . vN span the full space; if this is not the case, the Gram-Schmidt process will fail to produce ...
... where bij indicates the jth element of the ith vector bi. The final orthonormal basis obtained for our experiment is shown in Fig. 1D. A crucial requirement is that the originally defined vectors v1 . . . vN span the full space; if this is not the case, the Gram-Schmidt process will fail to produce ...
the functional properties of the light
... not establish the case. Thus, while it is likely that the parietal homotypical cortex plays an important role in what are called associative functions, the neural mechanisms of those associations are still unclear. The second general concept is that the inferior parietal lobule is a higher order pro ...
... not establish the case. Thus, while it is likely that the parietal homotypical cortex plays an important role in what are called associative functions, the neural mechanisms of those associations are still unclear. The second general concept is that the inferior parietal lobule is a higher order pro ...
High acetylcholine sets circuit dynamics for attention and
... contrast, this relatively small number of neurons could work in a more cohesive manner to set different functional properties during longer functional stages of waking and sleep. There are sufficient numbers of cholinergic neurons to regulate transitions between active waking and quiet waking, and t ...
... contrast, this relatively small number of neurons could work in a more cohesive manner to set different functional properties during longer functional stages of waking and sleep. There are sufficient numbers of cholinergic neurons to regulate transitions between active waking and quiet waking, and t ...
How the prefrontal executive got its stripes
... How the prefrontal executive got its stripes Helen Barbas1,2 and Miguel Ángel Garcı́a-Cabezas1 Pathways from cortical and subcortical structures give the prefrontal cortex a panoramic view of the sensory environment and the internal milieu of motives and drives. The prefrontal cortex also receives ...
... How the prefrontal executive got its stripes Helen Barbas1,2 and Miguel Ángel Garcı́a-Cabezas1 Pathways from cortical and subcortical structures give the prefrontal cortex a panoramic view of the sensory environment and the internal milieu of motives and drives. The prefrontal cortex also receives ...
Organization of the Macaque Extrastriate Visual Cortex Re
... example, areas MT and MST both emphasize motion information and are topographically adjacent to each other. This adjacency is an obvious example of the continuity of function across the cortical surface. It adheres to the general principle that similar functions are arranged near each other. Given a ...
... example, areas MT and MST both emphasize motion information and are topographically adjacent to each other. This adjacency is an obvious example of the continuity of function across the cortical surface. It adheres to the general principle that similar functions are arranged near each other. Given a ...
Organization of the Macaque Extrastriate Visual Cortex Re
... example, areas MT and MST both emphasize motion information and are topographically adjacent to each other. This adjacency is an obvious example of the continuity of function across the cortical surface. It adheres to the general principle that similar functions are arranged near each other. Given a ...
... example, areas MT and MST both emphasize motion information and are topographically adjacent to each other. This adjacency is an obvious example of the continuity of function across the cortical surface. It adheres to the general principle that similar functions are arranged near each other. Given a ...
Relationship Between Serum BDNF Levels and Cognitive Functions
... Processing Test, and Weschler-Visual Memory. Results: HAM-D17 scores were 17.09±4.96 in patients. Serum BDNF levels were established to be 1453.42±144.51 pg/mL, and mean serum morning cortisol level was established as 11.54±4.57 µg/dL. No relationship was determined between the HAM-D17 scores and BD ...
... Processing Test, and Weschler-Visual Memory. Results: HAM-D17 scores were 17.09±4.96 in patients. Serum BDNF levels were established to be 1453.42±144.51 pg/mL, and mean serum morning cortisol level was established as 11.54±4.57 µg/dL. No relationship was determined between the HAM-D17 scores and BD ...
Neurologic Manifestations of Hypoglycemia
... patients who did not found 82 (39%) of the fasters complained of headache compared to 7% of non-fasters.40 Although abstinence from caffeine and nicotine was observed in the fasting group, this did not appear to have an influence on headache. A questionnaire given to 91 participants who had observed ...
... patients who did not found 82 (39%) of the fasters complained of headache compared to 7% of non-fasters.40 Although abstinence from caffeine and nicotine was observed in the fasting group, this did not appear to have an influence on headache. A questionnaire given to 91 participants who had observed ...
Preferred visually evoked spatial and temporal frequencies in
... As a whole, the LGN receives input from both eyes, but each layer receives information from only one eye. LGN axons protrude to the primary visual cortex, layer 4, through the optic radiations. The visual pathway and receptive field properties of cells in visual cortex have been extensively studied ...
... As a whole, the LGN receives input from both eyes, but each layer receives information from only one eye. LGN axons protrude to the primary visual cortex, layer 4, through the optic radiations. The visual pathway and receptive field properties of cells in visual cortex have been extensively studied ...
Evidence for implication of primate area V1 in neural 3
... disparity has been proposed, in which retinal disparity information originates from differences in the internal structure of receptive fields of the left and right eyes, described in terms of phase differences [31]. In fact both position and phase differences between the monocular receptive fields appear ...
... disparity has been proposed, in which retinal disparity information originates from differences in the internal structure of receptive fields of the left and right eyes, described in terms of phase differences [31]. In fact both position and phase differences between the monocular receptive fields appear ...
Contrasting early visual cortical activation states causally involved in
... visual cortex (V1 ⁄ V2) is involved in these processes, has been the subject of much debate. Here, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in two separate experiments to contrast the neural states associated with visual imagery and visual STM in the early visual cortex. In Experiment 1, we i ...
... visual cortex (V1 ⁄ V2) is involved in these processes, has been the subject of much debate. Here, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in two separate experiments to contrast the neural states associated with visual imagery and visual STM in the early visual cortex. In Experiment 1, we i ...
Between-Task Competition and Cognitive Control in Task Switching
... The primary data analysis focused on ROIs that showed significant task-selective activity during the localizer scans. To identify these regions for each subject, we modeled the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response in the localizer scans using a general linear model (GLM) with separate regres ...
... The primary data analysis focused on ROIs that showed significant task-selective activity during the localizer scans. To identify these regions for each subject, we modeled the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response in the localizer scans using a general linear model (GLM) with separate regres ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... transported tracers into the SC in order to label neurons in cortex.14–18 Studies based on injections in the SC allow the magnitudes and visuotopic pattern of projections of different cortical areas to be directly compared, as corticotectal neurons in a number of areas are labeled by each injection ...
... transported tracers into the SC in order to label neurons in cortex.14–18 Studies based on injections in the SC allow the magnitudes and visuotopic pattern of projections of different cortical areas to be directly compared, as corticotectal neurons in a number of areas are labeled by each injection ...