Functional Organization of the Cat Visual Cortex in Relation to the
... enabling visualization of the spatial arrangement of the orientation-preference map have revealed the presence of both linear zones, where orientation preference gradually changes, and singular points and fractures, where orientation preference rapidly changes (Blasdel 1992; Bonhoeffer and Grinvald ...
... enabling visualization of the spatial arrangement of the orientation-preference map have revealed the presence of both linear zones, where orientation preference gradually changes, and singular points and fractures, where orientation preference rapidly changes (Blasdel 1992; Bonhoeffer and Grinvald ...
Age-related changes in processing speed: unique contributions of
... in older adults (Salthouse and Ferrer-Caja, 2003), it is the foundation of a major hypothesis for age-related cognitive decline (Salthouse, 1996). Our understanding of age-related neural changes affecting processing speed is limited, however. This is largely because processing speed is not a unitary ...
... in older adults (Salthouse and Ferrer-Caja, 2003), it is the foundation of a major hypothesis for age-related cognitive decline (Salthouse, 1996). Our understanding of age-related neural changes affecting processing speed is limited, however. This is largely because processing speed is not a unitary ...
Chemotherapy and Cognitive Impairment
... chemotherapy,8,9 and cross-sectional studies have found cogni tive impairments lasting between 4 and 10 years after chemo therapy.10,11 Although most of the studies evaluated cognitive function in breast cancer survivors, more recent work has shown that similar effects also occur in patients with ...
... chemotherapy,8,9 and cross-sectional studies have found cogni tive impairments lasting between 4 and 10 years after chemo therapy.10,11 Although most of the studies evaluated cognitive function in breast cancer survivors, more recent work has shown that similar effects also occur in patients with ...
Visual Stimulation Regulates the Expression of Transcription Factors
... becausethe band intensitiesbecamesignificantlyreducedand returned to basallevelsin animalsthat received6 and 24 hr of light stimulation.We confirmedthat the changesin the levelsof the ZIF 268 DNA-binding activities reflected alterations in the levels of functionally active form of the transcriptionf ...
... becausethe band intensitiesbecamesignificantlyreducedand returned to basallevelsin animalsthat received6 and 24 hr of light stimulation.We confirmedthat the changesin the levelsof the ZIF 268 DNA-binding activities reflected alterations in the levels of functionally active form of the transcriptionf ...
The Basal Ganglia - The Brain from Top to Bottom
... Efferents to the Globus Pallidus Although the two segments have similar inputs, their efferents are distinct and separate. The external segment projects through the subthalamic fasciculus to the subthalamic nucleus. The internal segment projects mainly to the thalamus through 2 collections of fibres ...
... Efferents to the Globus Pallidus Although the two segments have similar inputs, their efferents are distinct and separate. The external segment projects through the subthalamic fasciculus to the subthalamic nucleus. The internal segment projects mainly to the thalamus through 2 collections of fibres ...
Neurophysiologic Testing - UnitedHealthcareOnline.com
... Physiologic recording of tremors using accelerometers and gyroscopes includes the use of devices such as Kinesia TM or TremorometerTM. Kinesia integrates accelerometers and gyroscopes in a compact patient-worn unit to capture kinematic movement disorder features. The Tremorometer is a physiologic re ...
... Physiologic recording of tremors using accelerometers and gyroscopes includes the use of devices such as Kinesia TM or TremorometerTM. Kinesia integrates accelerometers and gyroscopes in a compact patient-worn unit to capture kinematic movement disorder features. The Tremorometer is a physiologic re ...
18 Coordination in Behavior and Cognition
... grouping or “binding,” and dynamic routing (cf. Phillips et al., this volume). All three functions can be viewed as involving interactions that affect neural activity but without changing the information transmitted by the cells producing that activity. Tiesinga et al. (2008:106) state that “multipl ...
... grouping or “binding,” and dynamic routing (cf. Phillips et al., this volume). All three functions can be viewed as involving interactions that affect neural activity but without changing the information transmitted by the cells producing that activity. Tiesinga et al. (2008:106) state that “multipl ...
Research paper: Perceptual and Visual Void on the Architectural
... Form, space and voids are the basic elements used in architectural design process. In this paper, the concept of void is addressed in relation to the architectural form. Voids in architectural form are classified into two main headings by examining a great number of examples in terms of the effects ...
... Form, space and voids are the basic elements used in architectural design process. In this paper, the concept of void is addressed in relation to the architectural form. Voids in architectural form are classified into two main headings by examining a great number of examples in terms of the effects ...
Processes Changes in Acetylcholine Extracellular Levels
... cellular levels of neurotransmitters including ACh, amines, adenosine, NO, peptides, amino acids, and other endogenous molecules. The experience derived from the cortical cup experiments was transferred to microdialysis, and it has never been questioned that ACh detected in the dialysate originates ...
... cellular levels of neurotransmitters including ACh, amines, adenosine, NO, peptides, amino acids, and other endogenous molecules. The experience derived from the cortical cup experiments was transferred to microdialysis, and it has never been questioned that ACh detected in the dialysate originates ...
Cognitive reserve_Valenciano_Guàrdia_June2014
... reserve is a concept that cannot be observed and, therefore, it cannot be measured directly. For that reason, Jones et al. (2011) recommend using models which make it possible to statistically analyze the relationship between different indicators associated with the cognitive reserve with the presen ...
... reserve is a concept that cannot be observed and, therefore, it cannot be measured directly. For that reason, Jones et al. (2011) recommend using models which make it possible to statistically analyze the relationship between different indicators associated with the cognitive reserve with the presen ...
Functional circuitry underlying visual neglect
... which the lesion-induced neglect component of blindness was cancelled by cooling of either the contralateral posterior parietal cortex or the contralateral superior colliculus (SC). Overall, we found that (i) both lesion- and cooling-induced neglect are associated with decreases in 2DG uptake in spe ...
... which the lesion-induced neglect component of blindness was cancelled by cooling of either the contralateral posterior parietal cortex or the contralateral superior colliculus (SC). Overall, we found that (i) both lesion- and cooling-induced neglect are associated with decreases in 2DG uptake in spe ...
Alterations to multisensory and unisensory integration by stimulus
... orient toward biologically relevant events. The superior colliculus (SC) plays a key role in this task by translating sensory signals into the motor commands required for orienting the eyes, ears, and head toward salient visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli as well as to their various cross-modal c ...
... orient toward biologically relevant events. The superior colliculus (SC) plays a key role in this task by translating sensory signals into the motor commands required for orienting the eyes, ears, and head toward salient visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli as well as to their various cross-modal c ...
Nervous System Pt 3
... Visual Association Area Surrounds the primary visual cortex Uses past visual experiences to interpret visual stimuli (e.g., color, form, and movement) Complex processing involves entire posterior half of the hemispheres ...
... Visual Association Area Surrounds the primary visual cortex Uses past visual experiences to interpret visual stimuli (e.g., color, form, and movement) Complex processing involves entire posterior half of the hemispheres ...
Molecular Analysis of Developmental Plasticity in Neocortex
... Sretavan and Shatz, 1986). In this context, an appropriate connection is defined as a connection where pre- and postsynaptic activity are correlated—in other words, a Hebbian synapse (Fregnac et al., 1988; Shulz and Fregnac, 1992; Stryker and Strickland, 1984). In principle, the Hebbian synapse hypo ...
... Sretavan and Shatz, 1986). In this context, an appropriate connection is defined as a connection where pre- and postsynaptic activity are correlated—in other words, a Hebbian synapse (Fregnac et al., 1988; Shulz and Fregnac, 1992; Stryker and Strickland, 1984). In principle, the Hebbian synapse hypo ...
Figure and Ground in the Visual Cortex: V2 Combines Stereoscopic
... figures, which do not provide depth cues, and stereoedge selectivity was determined with RDS, which define depth but are devoid of contrast-defined form. In experiment 2, depth and Gestalt cues were combined, and synergistic and antagonistic combinations were tested to see how the cues interact. Add ...
... figures, which do not provide depth cues, and stereoedge selectivity was determined with RDS, which define depth but are devoid of contrast-defined form. In experiment 2, depth and Gestalt cues were combined, and synergistic and antagonistic combinations were tested to see how the cues interact. Add ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... The brain has a modular design. The advantages of modularity are well known to engineers: modules that can be replicated and cascaded, such as transistors and web servers, lie at the root of powerful technologies. The brain seems to apply this principle in two ways: with modular circuits and ...
... The brain has a modular design. The advantages of modularity are well known to engineers: modules that can be replicated and cascaded, such as transistors and web servers, lie at the root of powerful technologies. The brain seems to apply this principle in two ways: with modular circuits and ...
In Vivo Evaluation of White Matter Integrity and Anterograde
... instead of NMDA solution was intravitreally injected to the right eye. Diffusion tensor MRI was performed to each rat at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after NMDA or saline injection, while OCT was performed to four rats randomly selected from Group 1 and to all four rats in Group 2 after DTI at the final ti ...
... instead of NMDA solution was intravitreally injected to the right eye. Diffusion tensor MRI was performed to each rat at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after NMDA or saline injection, while OCT was performed to four rats randomly selected from Group 1 and to all four rats in Group 2 after DTI at the final ti ...
Functional Properties of Parietal Visual Neurons: Mechanisms of
... of fixation (full-field stimuli), with those evoked by stimuli that moved along 40”, 20”, and lo” segments of such an axis. We sought to determine whether the different directionality in the 2 halves of the visual and receptive fields is produced by differences in the local or minute directional pro ...
... of fixation (full-field stimuli), with those evoked by stimuli that moved along 40”, 20”, and lo” segments of such an axis. We sought to determine whether the different directionality in the 2 halves of the visual and receptive fields is produced by differences in the local or minute directional pro ...
Systematic Regional Variations in the Loss of Cortical Cholinergic
... most sensory-motor and association zones, and lowest within the primary visual and visual association areas of the occipital lobe. In general, supragranular cortical layers contained a higher density of cholinergic fibers, and most of these were oriented vertically. In Alzheimer's disease, an overal ...
... most sensory-motor and association zones, and lowest within the primary visual and visual association areas of the occipital lobe. In general, supragranular cortical layers contained a higher density of cholinergic fibers, and most of these were oriented vertically. In Alzheimer's disease, an overal ...
Role of the basal ganglia in conditional associative learning
... basis of what we sense in our environment. Often, we gaze at an object present in our peripersonnal space (e.g. a cup of coffee), attend to its features and place, reach toward it, and grasp it. Such movements were termed by Wise and colleagues (1996) standard sensorimotor mapping in that the moveme ...
... basis of what we sense in our environment. Often, we gaze at an object present in our peripersonnal space (e.g. a cup of coffee), attend to its features and place, reach toward it, and grasp it. Such movements were termed by Wise and colleagues (1996) standard sensorimotor mapping in that the moveme ...
Evaluation of the Substantia Nigra in Patients with Parkinsonian
... the patients with Parkinson’s disease with an unpaired Student’s t-test revealed no significant difference ( P . .05) (Fig 3). No abnormal signal intensity was observed in the substantia nigra on T2or diffusion-weighted images in this group (Fig 4). Measurement of the Substantia Nigra in Patients wi ...
... the patients with Parkinson’s disease with an unpaired Student’s t-test revealed no significant difference ( P . .05) (Fig 3). No abnormal signal intensity was observed in the substantia nigra on T2or diffusion-weighted images in this group (Fig 4). Measurement of the Substantia Nigra in Patients wi ...
Position Selectivity in Scene- and Object-Responsive
... scenes, such as large extended surfaces defined by walls, hillsides, and other topographical features, which can be identified only by integrating visual information over large portions of the visual field. In the absence of identified functionally homologous structures in the macaque, previous stud ...
... scenes, such as large extended surfaces defined by walls, hillsides, and other topographical features, which can be identified only by integrating visual information over large portions of the visual field. In the absence of identified functionally homologous structures in the macaque, previous stud ...
Working Memory in the Prefrontal Cortex
... task is an example of a task that is considered to require reference memory. In this task, the subject’s behavioral response to a particular visual stimulus is always rewarded throughout the experiment. Therefore, the formation of an association between a particular visual stimulus and a particular ...
... task is an example of a task that is considered to require reference memory. In this task, the subject’s behavioral response to a particular visual stimulus is always rewarded throughout the experiment. Therefore, the formation of an association between a particular visual stimulus and a particular ...
Rapid Critical Period Induction by Tonic Inhibition in Visual Cortex
... The mammalian brain is shaped by experience during restricted “critical periods” in early life. Even briefly occluding one eye during this time causes a prominent shift of responsiveness [ocular dominance (OD)] in favor of the open eye in primary visual cortex. Monocular deprivation (MD) fails to in ...
... The mammalian brain is shaped by experience during restricted “critical periods” in early life. Even briefly occluding one eye during this time causes a prominent shift of responsiveness [ocular dominance (OD)] in favor of the open eye in primary visual cortex. Monocular deprivation (MD) fails to in ...
Interactions between frontal cortex and basal ganglia in working
... working memory provides a natural mechanism for cognitive control (also known as task-based attention), where top-down activation can influence processing elsewhere to achieve task-relevant objectives (Cohen, Dunbar, & McClelland, 1990; Cohen & O’Reilly, 1996; O’Reilly et al., 1999). Thus, working m ...
... working memory provides a natural mechanism for cognitive control (also known as task-based attention), where top-down activation can influence processing elsewhere to achieve task-relevant objectives (Cohen, Dunbar, & McClelland, 1990; Cohen & O’Reilly, 1996; O’Reilly et al., 1999). Thus, working m ...