Insula function in anorexia nervosa
... SPECT studies use radioligands to study the perfusion through tissues of interest. These studies showed reduced perfusions in the left parietal cortex before treatment and increased perfusion in the temporal cortex after treatment2, 4. Several other SPECT studies commonly found a decreased perfusion ...
... SPECT studies use radioligands to study the perfusion through tissues of interest. These studies showed reduced perfusions in the left parietal cortex before treatment and increased perfusion in the temporal cortex after treatment2, 4. Several other SPECT studies commonly found a decreased perfusion ...
Fluctuations in Perceptual Decisions Panagiota Theodoni
... realistic attractor network, by consistently reducing it to a fourvariable rate- based model, and by extracting analytical expressions for second- order statistics. We considered human behavioral and macaque neurophysiological data collected when subjects were confronting with such ambiguities. Our ...
... realistic attractor network, by consistently reducing it to a fourvariable rate- based model, and by extracting analytical expressions for second- order statistics. We considered human behavioral and macaque neurophysiological data collected when subjects were confronting with such ambiguities. Our ...
THE VISUAL CLAUSTRUM OF THE CAT I. Structure and Connections`
... preparations, is of large, angular, and densely staining somata. Near the edges of the claustrum, these tend to be elongated parallel to the edge, but elsewhere, there is no orderly alignment of cells like that characteristic of cerebral cortex. In Golgi preparations, two common cell types and a thi ...
... preparations, is of large, angular, and densely staining somata. Near the edges of the claustrum, these tend to be elongated parallel to the edge, but elsewhere, there is no orderly alignment of cells like that characteristic of cerebral cortex. In Golgi preparations, two common cell types and a thi ...
TESE
... represent patients affected with frontotemporal dementia (left side filled), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (right side filled), or both. White symbols represent unaffected individuals or at-risk individuals with unknown phenotype. Haplotypes for individuals 20-1, 20-2, and 20-3 are inferred from gen ...
... represent patients affected with frontotemporal dementia (left side filled), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (right side filled), or both. White symbols represent unaffected individuals or at-risk individuals with unknown phenotype. Haplotypes for individuals 20-1, 20-2, and 20-3 are inferred from gen ...
Disruption of experience-dependent synaptic modifications in striate
... paralyzed, and prepared for routine physiological recording from neurons in area 17. In most cases (Fig. 1, A-D, F), the cannulae and minipumps were removed prior to recording. A detailed description of the preparation may be found elsewhere (Greuel et al., 1987). During the recording session, the k ...
... paralyzed, and prepared for routine physiological recording from neurons in area 17. In most cases (Fig. 1, A-D, F), the cannulae and minipumps were removed prior to recording. A detailed description of the preparation may be found elsewhere (Greuel et al., 1987). During the recording session, the k ...
The encoding and decoding of com-
... projected to the LGN stage where its edges are enhanced. In the next stage, the LGN output passes through a set of Gabor filters that resemble the orientation selectivity characteristics found in the receptive fields of V1 neurons. Here we show the output response of one Gabor filter as input for th ...
... projected to the LGN stage where its edges are enhanced. In the next stage, the LGN output passes through a set of Gabor filters that resemble the orientation selectivity characteristics found in the receptive fields of V1 neurons. Here we show the output response of one Gabor filter as input for th ...
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... and maintenance of BDD’s key symptoms. When presented with a complex visuospatial task (Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, or ROCF) and the instruction to draw the figure, individuals with BDD tended to overfocus on details, which interfered with their ability to encode and, ultimately, recall the ...
... and maintenance of BDD’s key symptoms. When presented with a complex visuospatial task (Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, or ROCF) and the instruction to draw the figure, individuals with BDD tended to overfocus on details, which interfered with their ability to encode and, ultimately, recall the ...
The Orbitofrontal Cortex and Reward
... of stimulus–reinforcement (e.g. stimulus–reward) association learning. An Olfactory Representation in the Orbitofrontal Cortex Takagi, Tanabe and colleagues (Takagi, 1991) described single neurons in the macaque orbitofrontal cortex that were activated by odors. A ventral frontal region has been im ...
... of stimulus–reinforcement (e.g. stimulus–reward) association learning. An Olfactory Representation in the Orbitofrontal Cortex Takagi, Tanabe and colleagues (Takagi, 1991) described single neurons in the macaque orbitofrontal cortex that were activated by odors. A ventral frontal region has been im ...
Cortical and subcortical afferents to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti
... design of future physiological studies would benefit greatly from a better understanding of the anatomic details. What are needed are injections of tract tracers into the pons to show possible cortical and subcortical afferent sources that previously have not been apparent in “top–down”, cortico-cen ...
... design of future physiological studies would benefit greatly from a better understanding of the anatomic details. What are needed are injections of tract tracers into the pons to show possible cortical and subcortical afferent sources that previously have not been apparent in “top–down”, cortico-cen ...
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex GABA Concentration in Humans
... utility for future clinical studies and further studies of GABA’s role in WM in humans. Here, we used a novel behavioral approach to test the hypothesis that individuals’ GABA levels within the DLPFC predict their WM performance. WM is a multifaceted construct composed of multiple component processe ...
... utility for future clinical studies and further studies of GABA’s role in WM in humans. Here, we used a novel behavioral approach to test the hypothesis that individuals’ GABA levels within the DLPFC predict their WM performance. WM is a multifaceted construct composed of multiple component processe ...
This article was originally published in the
... of error, but no error actually occurs. These trials are characterized as having high conflict, defined as the tension between two or more incompatible competing motor responses. For example, in a Stroop task, subjects must mediate between the habitual tendency to read the word and the instructed ta ...
... of error, but no error actually occurs. These trials are characterized as having high conflict, defined as the tension between two or more incompatible competing motor responses. For example, in a Stroop task, subjects must mediate between the habitual tendency to read the word and the instructed ta ...
A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study to
... Studies have used a range of physical capacity tasks that have demonstrated no or limited influence of pain-related fear on behavior [40, 43–45]. There are several things that may account for these findings: lack of sensitivity in the scales used to record pain- and movement- related fear, undisclos ...
... Studies have used a range of physical capacity tasks that have demonstrated no or limited influence of pain-related fear on behavior [40, 43–45]. There are several things that may account for these findings: lack of sensitivity in the scales used to record pain- and movement- related fear, undisclos ...
The Optic Tectum in Fishes
... wavelengths of light cannot be reproduced by varying the intensity of a single wavelength, as would be the case in a colorblind system. Torus longitudinalis (see below), which is closely interconnected with tectum, is such a colorblind system. Moreover, some tectal cells can be excited by one range ...
... wavelengths of light cannot be reproduced by varying the intensity of a single wavelength, as would be the case in a colorblind system. Torus longitudinalis (see below), which is closely interconnected with tectum, is such a colorblind system. Moreover, some tectal cells can be excited by one range ...
... grey matter volume decreases in dopamine related regions also corroborate such deficits. Adults diagnosed with this disorder are likely to neuropsychological deficits involving working memory, attention and inhibitory control. The multiple pathway model proposed by Sonuga-Barke implicates at least t ...
Analysis of Connectivity in the Cat Cerebral Cortex
... (2) Evidence for connections was taken either from text or figures when it could be fitted unequivocally to our cortical map. (3) We gave priority in assigning connection strengths to data from higher resolution studies. For example, Avendano and Rausell (1988) report afferent connections to seven s ...
... (2) Evidence for connections was taken either from text or figures when it could be fitted unequivocally to our cortical map. (3) We gave priority in assigning connection strengths to data from higher resolution studies. For example, Avendano and Rausell (1988) report afferent connections to seven s ...
One Computer Scientist`s (Deep) Superior Colliculus
... I am modeling the superior colliculus, a structure in the vertebrate midbrain which receives and integrates multi-sensory information to localize objects and events in the world and generate orienting actions. To model the superior colliculus, I use artificial neural networks. The goal is to provide ...
... I am modeling the superior colliculus, a structure in the vertebrate midbrain which receives and integrates multi-sensory information to localize objects and events in the world and generate orienting actions. To model the superior colliculus, I use artificial neural networks. The goal is to provide ...
Experience-Dependent Sharpening of Visual Shape Selectivity in
... To measure the broadness of stimulus selectivity, we determined the number of stimuli (of 18) at each orientation that elicited a significant response greater than baseline according to a one-tailed t-test at P < 0.01. For this analysis, lower values indicate sharper tuning (i.e., a neuron that respo ...
... To measure the broadness of stimulus selectivity, we determined the number of stimuli (of 18) at each orientation that elicited a significant response greater than baseline according to a one-tailed t-test at P < 0.01. For this analysis, lower values indicate sharper tuning (i.e., a neuron that respo ...
Subgraphs of functional brain networks identify dynamical
... competing representations and processes (Botvinick et al., 2001). Functional brain networks that flexibly coordinate interactions between different sets of brain regions over time may be a key substrate for cognitive control, and moreover be essential for maintaining homeostasis between internally-d ...
... competing representations and processes (Botvinick et al., 2001). Functional brain networks that flexibly coordinate interactions between different sets of brain regions over time may be a key substrate for cognitive control, and moreover be essential for maintaining homeostasis between internally-d ...
Selective amplification of the S
... background (i.e. cone contrast). Stimulus chromaticity is given by the vector direction and contrast by vector length within the cone contrast space. Three cardinal stimuli (RG, BY and Ach) were determined within this space to isolate each of the three different post-receptoral mechanisms, respectiv ...
... background (i.e. cone contrast). Stimulus chromaticity is given by the vector direction and contrast by vector length within the cone contrast space. Three cardinal stimuli (RG, BY and Ach) were determined within this space to isolate each of the three different post-receptoral mechanisms, respectiv ...
Evolving concepts of developmental auditory processing disorder
... and are essential for its perception, such stimuli have not been used in investigations of APD. If the problem is specific to speech, it may involve a very low, perhaps phonetic, level of linguistic processing, since performance of low redundancy speech tasks (e.g. identification of VCV nonsense syl ...
... and are essential for its perception, such stimuli have not been used in investigations of APD. If the problem is specific to speech, it may involve a very low, perhaps phonetic, level of linguistic processing, since performance of low redundancy speech tasks (e.g. identification of VCV nonsense syl ...
Color responses of the human lateral geniculate nucleus: selective
... background (i.e. cone contrast). Stimulus chromaticity is given by the vector direction and contrast by vector length within the cone contrast space. Three cardinal stimuli (RG, BY and Ach) were determined within this space to isolate each of the three different post-receptoral mechanisms, respectiv ...
... background (i.e. cone contrast). Stimulus chromaticity is given by the vector direction and contrast by vector length within the cone contrast space. Three cardinal stimuli (RG, BY and Ach) were determined within this space to isolate each of the three different post-receptoral mechanisms, respectiv ...
Organization of Visual Inputs to the Inferior Temporal and Posterior
... alone suggests some relationship between the dorsal/ventral and magno/parvo schemes. However, many of the anatomical and functional details of this relationship remain to be worked out. Previous anatomical studies have revealed many of the inputs to the posterior parietal and inferior temporal corte ...
... alone suggests some relationship between the dorsal/ventral and magno/parvo schemes. However, many of the anatomical and functional details of this relationship remain to be worked out. Previous anatomical studies have revealed many of the inputs to the posterior parietal and inferior temporal corte ...
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... head-movements. The knowledge about the function of this structure is mainly based on single-unit recordings in animals with relatively few neuroimaging studies investigating eye-movement related brain activity in humans. Methodology/Principal Findings: The present study employed high-field (7 Tesla ...
... head-movements. The knowledge about the function of this structure is mainly based on single-unit recordings in animals with relatively few neuroimaging studies investigating eye-movement related brain activity in humans. Methodology/Principal Findings: The present study employed high-field (7 Tesla ...
A computational model of action selection in the basal ganglia. I. A
... meets several high-level computational requirements. In this paper and in Gurney et al. (2001), henceforth referred to as GPR2, we address the second question given above: how might the neurobiological substrate for action selection operate? Our account takes the form of a biologically inspired mode ...
... meets several high-level computational requirements. In this paper and in Gurney et al. (2001), henceforth referred to as GPR2, we address the second question given above: how might the neurobiological substrate for action selection operate? Our account takes the form of a biologically inspired mode ...
Shape Selectivity in Primate Frontal Eye Field
... Hanes 1993; Schall et al. 1995a). Based on these findings, it has been proposed that FEF neurons form a visual salience map for target selection (Bichot and Schall 1999; Thompson and Bichot 2005; Thompson et al. 2005). In such a map, responses are not sensitive to the specific nature of visual featu ...
... Hanes 1993; Schall et al. 1995a). Based on these findings, it has been proposed that FEF neurons form a visual salience map for target selection (Bichot and Schall 1999; Thompson and Bichot 2005; Thompson et al. 2005). In such a map, responses are not sensitive to the specific nature of visual featu ...