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Chapter 13
Chapter 13

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Chapter 7 - Newsome High School
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13.1 Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms
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GHWH Ch 16 Study Guide 2017
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The Early Middle Ages
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clovis - TWHSSturges
clovis - TWHSSturges

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Charlemagne - White Plains Public Schools
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Middle Ages - Montville.net

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APW Ch 16 and 19 Study Guide 2017
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Western Europe A comparative Perspective

... lords = vassals = people who entered into a mutual obligation to a higher lord or monarch  Gave them: military protection and support  In return they got: land or fiefs  Fiefs = estates that came with serfs to work the land ...
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Early Middle Ages



The Early Middle Ages or Early Medieval Period was the period of European history lasting from the 5th century to the 10th century. The Early Middle Ages followed the decline of the Western Roman Empire and preceded the High Middle Ages (c. 1001–1300). The period saw a continuation of trends begun during late classical antiquity, including population decline, especially in urban centres, a decline of trade, and increased immigration. The period has been labelled the ""Dark Ages"", a characterization highlighting the relative scarcity of literary and cultural output from this time, especially in Northwestern Europe. However, the Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantine Empire, continued to survive, and in the 7th century the Islamic caliphates conquered swaths of formerly Roman territory.Many of these trends were reversed later in the period. In 800 the title of emperor was revived in Western Europe by Charlemagne, whose Carolingian Empire greatly affected later European social structure and history. Europe experienced a return to systematic agriculture in the form of the feudal system, which introduced such innovations as three-field planting and the heavy plow. Barbarian migration stabilized in much of Europe, although the north was greatly affected by the Viking expansion.
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