Download APW Ch 16 and 19 Study Guide 2017

Chapter 16 The Two Worlds of Christendom—Guided Reading
Chapters 17 & 19:
Europe in the Middle Ages
Themes: In the interests of time and thematic coherence, it is desirable to combine chapter 16 (The Foundations
of Christian Society in Western Europe) and chapter 19 (Western Europe during the High Middle Ages) and a bit
of chapter 21 (Reaching Out: Cross-Cultural Interactions) into one unit. This combination will be much easier to
manage than the Indian Ocean basin combination, however!
Since western Europe is the last region in the investigations of post-classical empires in the eastern
Hemisphere, it is a good time to let the students exercise their understandings of the post-classical themes of
change and continuity. In post-classical western Europe, changes probably outnumbered the continuities from the
classical Roman empire. The Christian/Roman Catholic Church was the only institution to survive the imperial
collapse, and in many ways the papacy was the glue that held western Europeans together for half a millennium
after the collapse. The other continuity was the constant invasions or migrations of nomadic peoples into western
Europe from ca. 500 to ca. 1000.
Around the end of the Common Era’s first millennium, a confluence of events brought peace and
increasing prosperity to western Europeans. They began to reestablish larger political structures, reinvest in urban
areas, and branch out from their self-sufficient economies into the hemisphere’s marketplaces again. The Roman
Catholic Church began serious attempts to spread Catholicism into other regions of the hemisphere and came into
conflict with the growing powers of the secular rulers.
Historical Terms and Concepts to Know
Charlemagne
Vikings
Holy Roman Empire
vassals
horse collars, watermills,
Pope Gregory I
Hanseatic League
chivalry
Thomas Aquinas
Gothic cathedrals
Reconquista
bubonic plague
Clovis
Magyars
serfs
manors
heavy plows
William Duke of Normandy
three estates
guilds
pilgrimage
Leif Erikson
fourth crusade
Chapter 16 and 19 Guided Reading (Christian Europe Emerges, 600 – 1200)
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In 802, what gift did Charlemagne receive from the Abbasid caliph, Harun al-Rashid?
What were Byzantium’s major advantages?
What was the most important political feature of the Byzantine state?
What is caesaropapism?
Who was Theodora?
What was the most magnificent church in Constantinople?
What was Justinian’s most important and long-lasting political achievement?
What won recognition as the definitive codification of Roman law?
Constantinople was able to withstand sieges by who in 674-678 and 717-718?
What happened after the collapse of western Roman authority?
Roman imperial power ended in 476 C.E. with what?
Which Germanic tribe played the most important role in establishing the foundations of European
development?
Who did Charlemagne maintain diplomatic relations with?
Where was Charlemagne capital located?
Describe Charlemagne’s rule?
Who were the missi dominici and what was their main goal?
What did Charlemagne do when presented with the imperial crown?
Who gave Charlemagne the imperial crown and when?
What caused a direct challenge to the Byzantine emperor?
What happened after the death of Louis the Pious?
Who raided Constantinople at least three times in the ninth and tenth centuries?
Describe the theme system.
What was the bezant?
What was one of the biggest reasons for increased agricultural production in Europe?
What is feudalism?
In medieval society, with who was political power vested?
What was the most important relationship in feudalism between?
By the year 1000, the population of the two provinces of Christendom rose to about what?
Who provided the Roman church with a sense of direction by reasserting papal primacy?
What was iconoclasm?
What was the significance St. Basil of Caesarea?
Who spread the Benedictine Rule to women living in convents?
What did the pope in Rome and the patriarch in Constantinople do in 1054?
Who devised the Cyrillic alphabet?
What city, influenced heavily by Constantinople, was most important in the early rise of Russia?
How did Prince Vladimir aid the rise of Orthodox Christianity in Russia?
Terms:
1.
Medieval
2.
Manors
3.
Serfs
4.
Feudalism (feudal
society)
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Fief
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Horse collar
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Three-field-system
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Lord
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Vassals
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Guilds
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21.
Treaty of Verdun
Troubadours
missi dominici
Chivalry
Knights
Nepotism
Simony
Papacy
Mass
The Trinity
Greek Fire
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“Russian Primary
Chronicle”—
Iconoclasm
Heresy
Excommunication
Interdict
Inquisition
Great Schism
Vernacular
Canon Law
Lay Investiture controversy
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Chapter 16 and 19 Guided Reading (Christian Europe Emerges, 600 – 1200)
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36.
Estates
Estates General
Monasticism
Rule of Benedict
Monasteries
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Empires / Kingdoms/Places
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Carolingian Empire
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Capetian Dynasty
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Venice
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Flanders
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Holy Roman Empire
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Vineland
Individuals / People
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King Clovis
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Otto I
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Franks
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Visigoths
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Justinian
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Theodora
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Belisarius
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Saxons and Angles
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Seljuq Turks
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Pope Urban II
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Frederick Barbarossa
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Pope Innocent III
Events / Periods / Wars
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Battle of Tours
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Nika Revolt
Literature / Art / Architecture
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Bayeaux Tapestry
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Hagia Sophia
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Gothic
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Romanesque
Caesaropapism
Cyrillic
Hanseatic League
Scholasticism
Sacraments
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Reconquista
Pravda Russkia
Greenland
Iceland
Holy Land
Byzantine Empire
Kievan Russia
Knights Templar
Richard the Lionheart
Saladin
Dominicans
Franciscans
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Charles Martel
Pope Gregory I
Charlemagne
Louis the Pious
Huge Capet
The Vikings
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Eric the Red
Norseman
Danes
Magyars
Normans
William the Conqueror
Benedict of Nursia
Olga
Vladimir I
Thomas Aquinas
The Crusades—most important ones are
(First, Third, and Fourth)
Chapter 16 and 19 Guided Reading (Christian Europe Emerges, 600 – 1200)
4
Questions to Outline:
Outline the movements of the various Germanic tribes from Rome’s decline to 732.
Develop a graphic that depicts the social stratifications and relationships in feudalism.
How did Christianity shape European society? List points.
Outline or list the major characteristics of the Byzantine Empire:
a. The government
b. The church
c. The economy
d. The family
5. List the causes and effects of the crusades.
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Continuity and Change Over Time (CCOT)—or Change Over Time (COT)
1.
Describe the transition from Roman society to medieval society. Pay special attention to social,
political, economic, and religious issues.
2. Who were the Vikings? What were the motivations behind their behavior? What were their
accomplishments? How did they disrupt European society?
3. What new political system emerged in Europe after the fall of Rome? How consistent were these
systems, and what major variations were there? (Use Chart 9-1 to help outline the essay) ASK
MS. LEE FOR THE CHARTS—DON’T FORGET
COMPARE AND CONTRAST:
1. Compare and contrast the development of Latin Europe, Byzantium, Kievan Russia, paying
close attention to religion and political unity. (Use chart 9-2 to help brainstorm for this essay.)
ASK MS. LEE FOR THE CHARTS—DON’T FORGET
2. Analyze the degree to which Christianity diverged into two branches.
GENERAL ESSAY
 Discuss the conflicts between religious and secular authorities in medieval Europe. What
form did the disagreements take, over what issues were they generated , and how were
they resolved?
Discussion and map question
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Benjamin of Tudela proposed that, “Wealth like that of Constantinople is not to be found in the
whole world.” Why was Constantinople so wealthy? What role did trade play in its creation and
its centuries of dominance?
Examine the split between the Roman Catholic church and Greek Orthodox church. What led to
this fundamental split? How did this split influence later history?
Compare the role that Christianity played in western Europe to the role played by Islam,
Hinduism, and Buddhism in creating political and social unity in the postclassical world.
Discuss the significance of the city of Constantinople. What was life in the city like? Why would
its eventual fall be seen as such a disaster?
Examine the reign of Justinian. Explain the significance of Justinian’s code. In what ways did
Justinian influence history?
What is Hagia Sophia used for today, and what does this use tell us about the fate of Byzantium?
Examine the invasions that plagued Europe after the fall of Rome. How was Europe influenced
by these migrations?
Chapter 16 and 19 Guided Reading (Christian Europe Emerges, 600 – 1200)
5
8. Examine Map 16.1, Success states to the Roman empire, ca. 600 C.E. What region became the
new center of political and religious authority? What role did the Germanic kingdoms play in
early medieval Europe?
9. Look at Map 16.2, The Carolingian empire, 814 C.E. What were the foundations of
Charlemagne’s empire? In what ways did he attempt to re-create Rome? What were the major
threats to his empire?
10. Look at Map 16.3, The dissolution of the Carolingian empire (843 C.E.) and the invasions of
early medieval Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries. What has happened to Charlemagne’s
empire? Why did it fall apart so quickly? What role did the Vikings play in the destruction and
rebuilding of Europe?
11. Read the “Capitulary de Villis” (see Textbook: Sources from the Past: Life on an Early Medieval
Manor). What does the specificity of this order tell you about Charlemagne’s power and attention
to detail?
12. What economic advantages did the Byzantine empire possess?