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Chapter 16 The Two Worlds of Christendom—Study Guide: Themes: The Christian/Roman Catholic Church was the only institution to survive the imperial collapse, and in many ways the papacy was the glue that held western Europeans together for half a millennium after the collapse. The other continuity was the constant invasions or migrations of nomadic peoples into western Europe from ca. 500 to ca. 1000. Around the end of the Common Era’s first millennium, a confluence of events brought peace and increasing prosperity to western Europeans. They began to reestablish larger political structures, reinvest in urban areas, and branch out from their self-sufficient economies into the hemisphere’s marketplaces again. The Roman Catholic Church began serious attempts to spread Catholicism into other regions of the hemisphere and came into conflict with the growing powers of the secular rulers. Chapter 16 Guided Reading—Please include page numbers. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. In 802, what gift did Charlemagne receive from the Abbasid caliph, Harun al-Rashid? What were Byzantium’s major advantages? What was the most important political feature of the Byzantine state? What is caesaropapism? Who was Theodora? What was the most magnificent church in Constantinople? What was Justinian’s most important and long-lasting political achievement? What won recognition as the definitive codification of Roman law? Constantinople was able to withstand sieges by who in 674-678 and 717-718? What happened after the collapse of western Roman authority? Roman imperial power ended in 476 C.E. with what? Which Germanic tribe played the most important role in establishing the foundations of European development? Who did Charlemagne maintain diplomatic relations with? Where was Charlemagne capital located? Describe Charlemagne’s rule? Who were the missi dominici and what was their main goal? What did Charlemagne do when presented with the imperial crown? Who gave Charlemagne the imperial crown and when? What caused a direct challenge to the Byzantine emperor? What happened after the death of Louis the Pious? Who raided Constantinople at least three times in the ninth and tenth centuries? Describe the theme system. What was the bezant? What was one of the biggest reasons for increased agricultural production in Europe? What is feudalism? In medieval society, with who was political power vested? What was the most important relationship in feudalism between? By the year 1000, the population of the two provinces of Christendom rose to about what? Who provided the Roman church with a sense of direction by reasserting papal primacy? What was iconoclasm? What was the significance St. Basil of Caesarea? Who spread the Benedictine Rule to women living in convents? What did the pope in Rome and the patriarch in Constantinople do in 1054? Who devised the Cyrillic alphabet? What city, influenced heavily by Constantinople, was most important in the early rise of Russia? How did Prince Vladimir aid the rise of Orthodox Christianity in Russia? 2 GHWH Chapter 16 The Two Worlds of Christendom—Study Guide: Terms: 1. Medieval 2. Manors 3. Serfs 4. Feudalism (feudal society) 5. Fief 6. Horse collar 7. Three-field-system 8. Lord 9. Vassals 10. knights 11. Guilds 12. Treaty of Verdun 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. missi dominici Nepotism Simony Papacy Mass Greek Fire “Russian Primary Chronicle”— 20. Iconoclasm 21. Heresy 22. Excommunication 23. Empires / Kingdoms/Places 34. Carolingian Empire 35. Venice 36. Flanders 37. Holy Roman Empire 38. Greenland Individuals / People 43. King Clovis 44. Franks 45. Visigoths 46. Justinian 47. Theodora 48. Belisarius 49. Saxons and Angles Events / Periods / Wars 64. Battle of Tours 65. Nika Revolt Literature / Art / Architecture 67. Bayeaux Tapestry 68. Hagia Sophia 69. Gothic 70. Romanesque Vernacular Canon Law Justinian Code Rule of Benedict Monasteries Caesaropapism Theme System Cyrillic Sacraments Pravda Russkia Great Schism 39. 40. 41. 42. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. Charles Martel Pope Gregory I Charlemagne Louis the Pious The Vikings Eric the Red Leif Erikson 66. Iceland Holy Land Byzantine Empire Kievan Russia 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. Norseman Danes Magyars Lombard Benedict of Nursia Olga Vladimir I The Crusades—most important ones are (First, Third, and Fourth) (ch 19) GHWH Chapter 16 The Two Worlds of Christendom—Study Guide: 3 Thesis Statements and SAQ’s 1. Examine the role played by Charlemagne in the establishment of a powerful Europe. What were his main inspirations? What were his policies? 2. How did the Viking invasions influence the rise of Europe? Besides being powerful warriors, what were the main achievements of the Vikings? 3. Examine the social structure of the Byzantine empire. Explain the theme system. Trace the changing status of the peasants. 4. Examine the split between the Roman Catholic church and Greek Orthodox church. What led to this fundamental split? How did this split influence later history? 5. In what ways did Byzantium carry on the legacy of Rome? What was Justinian’s dream? In what ways was Byzantium different from Rome? 6. Discuss the significance of the city of Constantinople. What was life in the city like? Why would its eventual fall be seen as such a disaster? 7. Discuss the influence of Byzantium on eastern Europe. In what ways did this influence shape early Russian history? 8. Examine the theory of caesaropapism. What were its origins? Explain its relation to the power of the Byzantine emperor. What influence did it have on European history? 9. Examine the reign of Justinian. Explain the significance of Justinian’s code. In what ways did Justinian influence history? MAP/DBQ 1. Examine Map 16.1, Success states to the Roman empire, ca. 600 C.E. What region became the new center of political and religious authority? What role did the Germanic kingdoms play in early medieval Europe? 2. Look at Map 16.2, The Carolingian empire, 814 C.E. What were the foundations of Charlemagne’s empire? In what ways did he attempt to re-create Rome? What were the major threats to his empire? 3. Look at Map 16.3, The dissolution of the Carolingian empire (843 C.E.) and the invasions of early medieval Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries. What has happened to Charlemagne’s empire? Why did it fall apart so quickly? What role did the Vikings play in the destruction and rebuilding of Europe? 4. Read the “Capitulary de Villis” (see Textbook: Sources from the Past: Life on an Early Medieval Manor). What does the specificity of this order tell you about Charlemagne’s power and attention to detail? 5. What does the “Capitulary de Villis” (see Textbook: Sources from the Past: Life on an Early Medieval Manor) tell you about the life of medieval peasants? What were the social and political foundations of medieval Europe? 6. What is the significance of the story of the monks smuggling the silkworm eggs to Byzantium? GHWH Chapter 16 The Two Worlds of Christendom—Study Guide: 4 7. What was the theme system? How did it work? Why was it so successful? What led to its demise? 8. What economic advantages did the Byzantine empire possess? 9. Trace the development of the Byzantine church to the schism. What caused the schism? 10. What was the significance of the invention of the heavy plow for European economy? 11. Although trade constricted in the early middle ages, where and how was it still going on? 12. What was the role of the pope in the early middle ages? How did his role evolve over this period of time? 13. Who were the Vikings? What were the motivations behind their behavior? What were their accomplishments? How did they disrupt European society?