EQUATION OF STATE AND OPACITIES FOR HYDROGEN
... ionization equilibrium. Moreover, generally we need not assume thermodynamic equilibrium of radiation with matter. Ionization equilibrium is given by minimization of F with respect to particle numbers under the stoichiometric constraints, provided that the total number N0 of protons (free and bound) ...
... ionization equilibrium. Moreover, generally we need not assume thermodynamic equilibrium of radiation with matter. Ionization equilibrium is given by minimization of F with respect to particle numbers under the stoichiometric constraints, provided that the total number N0 of protons (free and bound) ...
Inner Magnetospheric Modeling with the Rice Convection Model
... Radiation belts: Many space weather effects are related to to understanding and predicting highly energetic particles. ...
... Radiation belts: Many space weather effects are related to to understanding and predicting highly energetic particles. ...
Reduction of microtrenching and island formation in oxide plasma etching
... can accumulate charge to replicate the insulating oxide island. The oxide is considered a perfect insulating surface. Any breakdown of the oxide or leakage current to the substrate is neglected. The simulation is run both with and without the electron beam to study its effect on the ion trajectories ...
... can accumulate charge to replicate the insulating oxide island. The oxide is considered a perfect insulating surface. Any breakdown of the oxide or leakage current to the substrate is neglected. The simulation is run both with and without the electron beam to study its effect on the ion trajectories ...
IEPC-2013-062
... portions of the liner. This process has been analyzed in detail for rotationally-stabilized liners9 and subsequent design studies suggest that liner implosion systems will optimize at much lower values of peak magnetic field than originally contemplated (e.g., 0.5-1 MG vs 3-10 MG). The resulting con ...
... portions of the liner. This process has been analyzed in detail for rotationally-stabilized liners9 and subsequent design studies suggest that liner implosion systems will optimize at much lower values of peak magnetic field than originally contemplated (e.g., 0.5-1 MG vs 3-10 MG). The resulting con ...
Solar wind plasma interaction with solar probe plus spacecraft
... presents particle-in-cell simulations of the plasma environment of a spacecraft in the Solar wind, at 0.2 AU from the Sun. Using a certain number of discrete particles, injected at the boundaries of a simulation box with the appropriate distributions, the code moved them in the potentials and calcul ...
... presents particle-in-cell simulations of the plasma environment of a spacecraft in the Solar wind, at 0.2 AU from the Sun. Using a certain number of discrete particles, injected at the boundaries of a simulation box with the appropriate distributions, the code moved them in the potentials and calcul ...
Measurements on laser produced plasma using Faraday
... begin to depend on the rate of vaporization; that ...
... begin to depend on the rate of vaporization; that ...
Study Systematics on the ICM metallicity measurements
... Oxygen and Magnesium At high temperatures, Oxygen and Magnesium are very weak. For both elements, slight changes in the continuum produce large deviation on the lines’ emissivity measurements. ...
... Oxygen and Magnesium At high temperatures, Oxygen and Magnesium are very weak. For both elements, slight changes in the continuum produce large deviation on the lines’ emissivity measurements. ...
BGK electron solitary waves: 1D and 3D
... Positive potential pulses detected by the FAST satellite are multi-dimensional with bipolar Ek and unipolar E⊥ (Ergun et al., 1998a, 1998b, 1999). Nonzero E⊥ indicates that the perpendicular span of the solitary structure is finite. This combined with the fact that the solitary waves are observed in ...
... Positive potential pulses detected by the FAST satellite are multi-dimensional with bipolar Ek and unipolar E⊥ (Ergun et al., 1998a, 1998b, 1999). Nonzero E⊥ indicates that the perpendicular span of the solitary structure is finite. This combined with the fact that the solitary waves are observed in ...
The Current Systems of the Jovian Magnetosphere and Ionosphere
... to identify large scale current systems that account for the observed plasma and magnetic structure. In discussions of the terrestrial magnetosphere, we talk of the Chapman-Ferraro currents that flow on the magnetopause, the tail current sheet that separates the northern and southern lobes of the ma ...
... to identify large scale current systems that account for the observed plasma and magnetic structure. In discussions of the terrestrial magnetosphere, we talk of the Chapman-Ferraro currents that flow on the magnetopause, the tail current sheet that separates the northern and southern lobes of the ma ...
Persistent acceleration of positrons in a nonstationary shock wave
... an electron-positron-ion 共epi兲 plasma can accelerate some positrons1,2 as well as electrons3,4 and ions.5–15 Because the positron mass is small, a shock wave in an epi plasma can easily reflect thermal positrons along the magnetic field with its electric field. When the shock propagation speed sh i ...
... an electron-positron-ion 共epi兲 plasma can accelerate some positrons1,2 as well as electrons3,4 and ions.5–15 Because the positron mass is small, a shock wave in an epi plasma can easily reflect thermal positrons along the magnetic field with its electric field. When the shock propagation speed sh i ...
Cyclotron waves in a non-neutral plasma column
... diagnose the charge to mass ratio and/or the relative concentration of plasma species1 (via the technique of “ioncyclotron mass spectrometry”). While most of these devices work in the low-density regime where plasma effects are small, cyclotron frequency shifts universally arise from electric fields ...
... diagnose the charge to mass ratio and/or the relative concentration of plasma species1 (via the technique of “ioncyclotron mass spectrometry”). While most of these devices work in the low-density regime where plasma effects are small, cyclotron frequency shifts universally arise from electric fields ...
PROPERTIES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND EFFECTIVE
... with the slow-wave circuit. Thus, the coupling through semiconductor surface is essentially of two or three dimensions and hence, two- or three- dimensional analysis would be required for the understanding of amplification by this process. In 1966, Sumi [2, 3] published an analysis of semiconductor ...
... with the slow-wave circuit. Thus, the coupling through semiconductor surface is essentially of two or three dimensions and hence, two- or three- dimensional analysis would be required for the understanding of amplification by this process. In 1966, Sumi [2, 3] published an analysis of semiconductor ...
Effects of emitted electron temperature on the
... criterion, as expected,10 so the electrons reach the sheath edge with energy E0 ¼ 0.58Tep. This analysis of emissive sheaths was generalized by Ye and Takamura to consider the sheath potential of non-floating surfaces.11 Attempts to formulate a kinetic theory of emissive sheaths have been published, ...
... criterion, as expected,10 so the electrons reach the sheath edge with energy E0 ¼ 0.58Tep. This analysis of emissive sheaths was generalized by Ye and Takamura to consider the sheath potential of non-floating surfaces.11 Attempts to formulate a kinetic theory of emissive sheaths have been published, ...
スライド 1
... sketched. The Sun is off the bottom of the figure. The CIR is shaded in tan, and the Earth's track through the CIR is depicted as the green dashed line. In the reference frame of this sketch, the Earth moves downward with time. The solar wind flow direction is shown with red arrows. At first, the Ea ...
... sketched. The Sun is off the bottom of the figure. The CIR is shaded in tan, and the Earth's track through the CIR is depicted as the green dashed line. In the reference frame of this sketch, the Earth moves downward with time. The solar wind flow direction is shown with red arrows. At first, the Ea ...
Chapter 4 SINGLE PARTICLE MOTIONS
... force equation be obtained. For example, in a constant and uniform magnetic field we find that a charged particle spirals in a helix about the line of force. This helix, however, defines a fundamental time unit – the cyclotron frequency ωc and a fundamental distance scale – the Larmor radius rL . For i ...
... force equation be obtained. For example, in a constant and uniform magnetic field we find that a charged particle spirals in a helix about the line of force. This helix, however, defines a fundamental time unit – the cyclotron frequency ωc and a fundamental distance scale – the Larmor radius rL . For i ...
confined plasmas theory toroidally
... configurations is a major goal of the international fusion effort and several methods are used to attempt such simulations. Foremost among these is the radio frequency acceleration of deeply trapped minority ions in the MeV range of energy,3–5 or the use of very high energy neutral atoms injected in ...
... configurations is a major goal of the international fusion effort and several methods are used to attempt such simulations. Foremost among these is the radio frequency acceleration of deeply trapped minority ions in the MeV range of energy,3–5 or the use of very high energy neutral atoms injected in ...
ABSTRACT Three-Body Recombination and Rydberg Atoms in Ultracold Plasmas
... the atomic beam propagates)[3]. This is done by using two coils - the slower coil, providing the larger, positive field and running at about 35 A, and the reverse slower coil, providing the smaller, negative field and running at about 4.2 A. We use this configuration so that a smaller absolute field ...
... the atomic beam propagates)[3]. This is done by using two coils - the slower coil, providing the larger, positive field and running at about 35 A, and the reverse slower coil, providing the smaller, negative field and running at about 4.2 A. We use this configuration so that a smaller absolute field ...
radiation physics
... II. Electrification – a process where electrons are removed or added to a body of matter. (Electrons are transferred.) A. Matter becomes positively or negatively charged. B. Matter is “electrified” (or charged). C. Electrification is similar to ionization but with electrification is a whole body and ...
... II. Electrification – a process where electrons are removed or added to a body of matter. (Electrons are transferred.) A. Matter becomes positively or negatively charged. B. Matter is “electrified” (or charged). C. Electrification is similar to ionization but with electrification is a whole body and ...
What is Beneath the Sunspots? Home Page ____________________________________________
... fields emerge from solar interior and where major eruptive events occurs [6], it was studied individually as a phenomenon with strong magnetic field [5]. Until now, sunspots are conceived as a magnetic flux entity that emerged from sun’s interior [7], but the Helioseismology–methods allowed for in-d ...
... fields emerge from solar interior and where major eruptive events occurs [6], it was studied individually as a phenomenon with strong magnetic field [5]. Until now, sunspots are conceived as a magnetic flux entity that emerged from sun’s interior [7], but the Helioseismology–methods allowed for in-d ...
Plasma Treatment for Environment Protection
... For more than a century, industrialization has been the driving force for increased living standards in Europe and consequently also in the Baltic Sea region. At the beginning of this process, the smoking stacks of factories were the sign of the progress but the improvements in living standards due ...
... For more than a century, industrialization has been the driving force for increased living standards in Europe and consequently also in the Baltic Sea region. At the beginning of this process, the smoking stacks of factories were the sign of the progress but the improvements in living standards due ...
The Plasma Magnet - NASA`s Institute for Advanced Concepts
... It is highly unlikely that the higher speeds needed for outer planetary, manned planetary, or interstellar missions can be achieved from thrust provided by onboard power and propellant using conventional electric propulsion systems. Certainly, the power requirements are very much larger than can be ...
... It is highly unlikely that the higher speeds needed for outer planetary, manned planetary, or interstellar missions can be achieved from thrust provided by onboard power and propellant using conventional electric propulsion systems. Certainly, the power requirements are very much larger than can be ...
Species separation in inertial confinement fusion fuels
... is the molecular fraction of species 1; n ¼ n1 þ n2 ; q ¼ q1 þ q2 ; and p ¼ p1 þ p2 are the total number density, mass density, and pressure of the mixture, respectively; m1 and m2 are the respective masses; F1 and F2 are the forces per unit mass exerted upon the molecules of the two components; kT ...
... is the molecular fraction of species 1; n ¼ n1 þ n2 ; q ¼ q1 þ q2 ; and p ¼ p1 þ p2 are the total number density, mass density, and pressure of the mixture, respectively; m1 and m2 are the respective masses; F1 and F2 are the forces per unit mass exerted upon the molecules of the two components; kT ...
ABSTRACTS - Space Science Institute
... 156 mV/m and 67 mV/m showing a linear variation with the driving field, measured on Sept 12-13, 2015. Does the electric field saturate or the potential? Are measurements by SuperDARN and DMSP drift-meter accurate for large drift values? If, indeed the polar ionospheric electric field does become non ...
... 156 mV/m and 67 mV/m showing a linear variation with the driving field, measured on Sept 12-13, 2015. Does the electric field saturate or the potential? Are measurements by SuperDARN and DMSP drift-meter accurate for large drift values? If, indeed the polar ionospheric electric field does become non ...
Lightning above the clouds - Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica
... into non-ionized air and pave the way for further ionization waves. ey are thin, ionized channels embedded in non-ionized air in an electric field below the breakdown value of 3.2 MV/m (see figure 2). e ionized region acts as a conductor and enhances the field around its narrow tip, focusing it into ...
... into non-ionized air and pave the way for further ionization waves. ey are thin, ionized channels embedded in non-ionized air in an electric field below the breakdown value of 3.2 MV/m (see figure 2). e ionized region acts as a conductor and enhances the field around its narrow tip, focusing it into ...
transport in low pressure plasma reactors for materials processing
... lower pressures. The ion/neutral energy distribution functions obtained from the IMCS are used to obtain transport coefficients for use in heavy particle momentum conservation equations. The plasma properties obtained using the fluid and the hybrid model have been compared with experiments. The heav ...
... lower pressures. The ion/neutral energy distribution functions obtained from the IMCS are used to obtain transport coefficients for use in heavy particle momentum conservation equations. The plasma properties obtained using the fluid and the hybrid model have been compared with experiments. The heav ...
Plasma (physics)
Plasma (from Greek πλάσμα, ""anything formed"") is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. A plasma has properties unlike those of the other states.A plasma can be created by heating a gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator. This decreases or increases the number of electrons, creating positive or negative charged particles called ions, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present.The presence of a significant number of charge carriers makes plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. Like gas, plasma does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless enclosed in a container. Unlike gas, under the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments, beams and double layers.Plasma is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the Universe (the only matter known to exist for sure, the more abundant dark matter is hypothetical and may or may not be explained by ordinary matter), most of which is in the rarefied intergalactic regions, particularly the intracluster medium, and in stars, including the Sun. A common form of plasmas on Earth is seen in neon signs.Much of the understanding of plasmas has come from the pursuit of controlled nuclear fusion and fusion power, for which plasma physics provides the scientific basis.