Neutrons Born In Lightning - NobleFuse Corporation For Nuclear
... cooling and heat transfer mechanisms. Water as the fuel has the advantage of not only being the fuel itself, but also the moderator in temperature via the heat exchange system itself and subsequently for steam extraction and electric power generation. In existing magnetic fusion devices, the gaseous ...
... cooling and heat transfer mechanisms. Water as the fuel has the advantage of not only being the fuel itself, but also the moderator in temperature via the heat exchange system itself and subsequently for steam extraction and electric power generation. In existing magnetic fusion devices, the gaseous ...
CHANDRA on ,
... [1.5–3] Å, [3–6] Å, and [6–16] Å energy bands to the total flux change rapidly in the short term. The analysis of the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating (HETG) spectrum shows that, to correctly describe the spectrum, three model components are needed. Two of those components are optically thin ...
... [1.5–3] Å, [3–6] Å, and [6–16] Å energy bands to the total flux change rapidly in the short term. The analysis of the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating (HETG) spectrum shows that, to correctly describe the spectrum, three model components are needed. Two of those components are optically thin ...
Generation of parallel electric fields in the Jupiter–Io torus wake region
... Figure 1. (top) A Jovian auroral image taken by HST [after Clarke et al., 2002, Figure 1b], where the Io-induced aurora is seen at the left with the brightest emissions at the base of the Io flux tube. An emission trail extends eastward. (bottom) The coordinate system used in this article. momentum ...
... Figure 1. (top) A Jovian auroral image taken by HST [after Clarke et al., 2002, Figure 1b], where the Io-induced aurora is seen at the left with the brightest emissions at the base of the Io flux tube. An emission trail extends eastward. (bottom) The coordinate system used in this article. momentum ...
PPT
... – w2 is real and decreases through zero, monotonic growth in perturbation. The marginal state is stationary (w=0) – Frequency (w) is complex and its Imaginary part decreases from + to -, a state of growing oscillations appears (overstability). Marginal state is oscillatory motion. ...
... – w2 is real and decreases through zero, monotonic growth in perturbation. The marginal state is stationary (w=0) – Frequency (w) is complex and its Imaginary part decreases from + to -, a state of growing oscillations appears (overstability). Marginal state is oscillatory motion. ...
Pressure Using Laser Thomson Scattering Nima Bolouki
... steamer head, which then accelerate and create an avalanche. If the electrons are generated too far from the streamer head, the electric field is too low to obtain a positive net ionization. The suitable region for new avalanche creation is called active region. 1.3 Dielectric barrier discharges (DB ...
... steamer head, which then accelerate and create an avalanche. If the electrons are generated too far from the streamer head, the electric field is too low to obtain a positive net ionization. The suitable region for new avalanche creation is called active region. 1.3 Dielectric barrier discharges (DB ...
Session 4P7 Extended/Unconventionl Electromagnetic
... dropped. That means that in chasmas the quasi-neutrality may be (strongly) violated over distances many times the Debye length which requires special circumstances (double layers, electric fields, . . .). The question arises what the meaning is of a shielding length in chasmas. It was demonstrated t ...
... dropped. That means that in chasmas the quasi-neutrality may be (strongly) violated over distances many times the Debye length which requires special circumstances (double layers, electric fields, . . .). The question arises what the meaning is of a shielding length in chasmas. It was demonstrated t ...
Automatic Adaptive Multi-Dimensional Particle In Cell Giovanni Lapenta
... Multiple scale plasma physics problems present two challenging features. First, in any given region of the system processes develop at widely different time scales. Electrons and ions respond with scales made extremely different by their different masses, and a host of different intabilities can dev ...
... Multiple scale plasma physics problems present two challenging features. First, in any given region of the system processes develop at widely different time scales. Electrons and ions respond with scales made extremely different by their different masses, and a host of different intabilities can dev ...
The electron-ion streaming instabilities driven by drift
... 2006] found that the ensemble mean of the ion-acoustic resistivity during the nonlinear regime is higher than estimates at quasi-linear saturation. In magnetic reconnections with a guide field, the Buneman instability produces electron holes, and the associated electron scattering off the holes enha ...
... 2006] found that the ensemble mean of the ion-acoustic resistivity during the nonlinear regime is higher than estimates at quasi-linear saturation. In magnetic reconnections with a guide field, the Buneman instability produces electron holes, and the associated electron scattering off the holes enha ...
Accelerated electron populations formed by Langmuir wave
... one to identify phase-space jets at different points in their evolution. In Fig. 2 we highlight jets at three separate stages of evolution. There are two jets (a) forming on the inside edges of the caviton as well as two old jets (b) which have been advected across the system, effectively crossing t ...
... one to identify phase-space jets at different points in their evolution. In Fig. 2 we highlight jets at three separate stages of evolution. There are two jets (a) forming on the inside edges of the caviton as well as two old jets (b) which have been advected across the system, effectively crossing t ...
Simulation of Dispersionless Injections and Drift Echoes
... Whether or not dispersion is seen in the initial rise of the electron flux depends on whether the incoming pulse or the gradient drift dominates the changes in the electron flux. At midnight (or the local time centered on the direction of the pulse arrival) the pulse moves all energy particles inwar ...
... Whether or not dispersion is seen in the initial rise of the electron flux depends on whether the incoming pulse or the gradient drift dominates the changes in the electron flux. At midnight (or the local time centered on the direction of the pulse arrival) the pulse moves all energy particles inwar ...
Vlasov Simulations of Thermal Plasma Waves
... velocity waves in thermal laboratory plasmas, such as those relating to laser or beam driven plasma wakefield accelerator experiments [7–9], are, however, constrained by the fact that the maximum and minimum momenta that need to be resolved, in the direction of propagation, have a large difference i ...
... velocity waves in thermal laboratory plasmas, such as those relating to laser or beam driven plasma wakefield accelerator experiments [7–9], are, however, constrained by the fact that the maximum and minimum momenta that need to be resolved, in the direction of propagation, have a large difference i ...
On the relation between DC current locations and an EUV bright
... in the solar atmosphere. The dissipation of these electric currents and the consequent heating of the solar plasma may be responsible for the formation of Extreme-UltraViolet (EUV) and X-ray bright points. Earlier bright point models usually consider either the emergence or the canceling of photosph ...
... in the solar atmosphere. The dissipation of these electric currents and the consequent heating of the solar plasma may be responsible for the formation of Extreme-UltraViolet (EUV) and X-ray bright points. Earlier bright point models usually consider either the emergence or the canceling of photosph ...
Generation of Terahertz Radiation from Laser Filamentation
... frequency generation (DFG) between the laser field and the static field as the origin of the THz enhancement, as suggested in ref. [7]. Since the THz field generated by the ponderomotive current is radially polarized [1], the polarization and directionality of the signal in the present experiment i ...
... frequency generation (DFG) between the laser field and the static field as the origin of the THz enhancement, as suggested in ref. [7]. Since the THz field generated by the ponderomotive current is radially polarized [1], the polarization and directionality of the signal in the present experiment i ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... considered to be the fourth state of matter, it has many properties in common with the gaseous state. Meanwhile, the plasma is a fully ionized gas in which the long range of Coulomb forces gives rise to collective interaction effects, resembling a fluid with a density higher than that of a gas. In i ...
... considered to be the fourth state of matter, it has many properties in common with the gaseous state. Meanwhile, the plasma is a fully ionized gas in which the long range of Coulomb forces gives rise to collective interaction effects, resembling a fluid with a density higher than that of a gas. In i ...
Vlasov simulations of trapping and loss of auroral electrons
... flux tube. The Vlasov equation was used in plasma physics by Vlasov (1938), although an equation of the same form had been used earlier to study the motion of stars (Jeans, 1915). Poisson’s equation was published by Poisson (1813). Hwang et al. (2009) studied ion heating and outflow using a Vlasov s ...
... flux tube. The Vlasov equation was used in plasma physics by Vlasov (1938), although an equation of the same form had been used earlier to study the motion of stars (Jeans, 1915). Poisson’s equation was published by Poisson (1813). Hwang et al. (2009) studied ion heating and outflow using a Vlasov s ...
Chapter 4 Two Fluid Equations and Waves
... and instabilities in the two fluid approximation. Many of these wave also exesit in the kinetic plasma descript. Many of these waves exist only in the cause of not exactly charge neutral plasmas. This is important only on relatively small spatial scales comparable with the Debye length. Cooreponding ...
... and instabilities in the two fluid approximation. Many of these wave also exesit in the kinetic plasma descript. Many of these waves exist only in the cause of not exactly charge neutral plasmas. This is important only on relatively small spatial scales comparable with the Debye length. Cooreponding ...
Weakly collisional Landau damping and three-dimensional
... BGK solutions. This is mainly due to 3D features of solitary wave structures in space-based observations that cannot be explained by 1D BGK wave theory18-20. There are also results from numerical simulations suggesting the possibility of higher-dimensional BGK solutions21-23. 3D BGK solutions have b ...
... BGK solutions. This is mainly due to 3D features of solitary wave structures in space-based observations that cannot be explained by 1D BGK wave theory18-20. There are also results from numerical simulations suggesting the possibility of higher-dimensional BGK solutions21-23. 3D BGK solutions have b ...
Vanishing of the negative anode sheath in a Hall
... Furthermore, these models yield that the negative sheath vanishes for a “low” value of Vd, but Ahedo et al.8 pointed out that electron inertial becomes relevant before the negative sheath vanishes, thus affecting the consistency of the diffusive model used for electrons. Dorf et al. have studied the ...
... Furthermore, these models yield that the negative sheath vanishes for a “low” value of Vd, but Ahedo et al.8 pointed out that electron inertial becomes relevant before the negative sheath vanishes, thus affecting the consistency of the diffusive model used for electrons. Dorf et al. have studied the ...
Physics 1301: Lecture 1 - Home Page
... Adiabatic Motion of Charged Particles Motion of charged particles in a dipole magnetic field is governed by conservation of energy E = (1/2)mv2 + qΦ and magnetic moment μ = mv2/2B where is pitch angle of particle. Conservation of E and μ leads to magnetic mirror, creating “loss cone” in velocity s ...
... Adiabatic Motion of Charged Particles Motion of charged particles in a dipole magnetic field is governed by conservation of energy E = (1/2)mv2 + qΦ and magnetic moment μ = mv2/2B where is pitch angle of particle. Conservation of E and μ leads to magnetic mirror, creating “loss cone” in velocity s ...
Neutral Particle and Radiation Effects on Pfirsch-Schlüter Fluxes Near the Edge
... with w the characteristic edge scale length, which is of the order of the penetration depth 1/Ni(σxσz)1/2, where σz is the ionization cross section. For example, taking w = 2 cm, Te = 100eV, Ne = 351014 cm-3, B = 5 T, q = 3, R = 100 cm, σI = 5510-16 cm2, and EI = 25 eV, gives qRNeσIEI/Te ~ 10 while ...
... with w the characteristic edge scale length, which is of the order of the penetration depth 1/Ni(σxσz)1/2, where σz is the ionization cross section. For example, taking w = 2 cm, Te = 100eV, Ne = 351014 cm-3, B = 5 T, q = 3, R = 100 cm, σI = 5510-16 cm2, and EI = 25 eV, gives qRNeσIEI/Te ~ 10 while ...
Current control by ECCD for W7-X
... The magnetic configuration of the W7-X stellarator is optimized following a set of criteria listed in Ref. 1 including a flat rotational transform profile with low shear and a very small bootstrap current. To compensate the bootstrap current we need a ‘control’ tool that can react immediately to cha ...
... The magnetic configuration of the W7-X stellarator is optimized following a set of criteria listed in Ref. 1 including a flat rotational transform profile with low shear and a very small bootstrap current. To compensate the bootstrap current we need a ‘control’ tool that can react immediately to cha ...
DC GLOW-DISCHARGE PLASMA GUN
... Neutron production at the SNS starts with a relatively small component called the ion source. The ion source produces a pulsed stream of negative hydrogen ions, which enter the linac and are quickly accelerated to about 90% the speed of light. While the end goal is to produce an incredibly powerful ...
... Neutron production at the SNS starts with a relatively small component called the ion source. The ion source produces a pulsed stream of negative hydrogen ions, which enter the linac and are quickly accelerated to about 90% the speed of light. While the end goal is to produce an incredibly powerful ...
Charged-Particle Probing of X-Ray-Driven Inertial-Fusion Implosions PSFC/JA-10-29
... in Fig. 1 and 2 provides a constraint that rules out the possibility of self-generated B fields as a major cause for the formation of this structure, since the toroidal B-field topology around the laser spots or radial jets cannot result in azimuthal proton deflections. With the B field e ...
... in Fig. 1 and 2 provides a constraint that rules out the possibility of self-generated B fields as a major cause for the formation of this structure, since the toroidal B-field topology around the laser spots or radial jets cannot result in azimuthal proton deflections. With the B field e ...
A numerical method to simulate radio-frequency plasma discharges
... The fluid equations for a plasma are derived from the Boltzmann equation for each species by specifying the velocity distribution function and by taking velocity moments of the Boltzmann equation. This yields conservation equations for the mass, momentum, and energy of each species. The collisional ...
... The fluid equations for a plasma are derived from the Boltzmann equation for each species by specifying the velocity distribution function and by taking velocity moments of the Boltzmann equation. This yields conservation equations for the mass, momentum, and energy of each species. The collisional ...
Ion Sources for High-Power Hadron Accelerators
... An ion is an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, thus giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge. The name ion (from the Greek ιον, meaning "going") was first suggested by William Whewell in 1834. Michael Faraday used the t ...
... An ion is an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, thus giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge. The name ion (from the Greek ιον, meaning "going") was first suggested by William Whewell in 1834. Michael Faraday used the t ...
Plasma (physics)
Plasma (from Greek πλάσμα, ""anything formed"") is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. A plasma has properties unlike those of the other states.A plasma can be created by heating a gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator. This decreases or increases the number of electrons, creating positive or negative charged particles called ions, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present.The presence of a significant number of charge carriers makes plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. Like gas, plasma does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless enclosed in a container. Unlike gas, under the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments, beams and double layers.Plasma is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the Universe (the only matter known to exist for sure, the more abundant dark matter is hypothetical and may or may not be explained by ordinary matter), most of which is in the rarefied intergalactic regions, particularly the intracluster medium, and in stars, including the Sun. A common form of plasmas on Earth is seen in neon signs.Much of the understanding of plasmas has come from the pursuit of controlled nuclear fusion and fusion power, for which plasma physics provides the scientific basis.