Physics of Complex Plasmas - Max-Planck
... rearranging to shield most of the gas from the field. The large mostly field free regions of the gas with almost perfectly balanced positive and negative space charges were called plasma by Langmuir [107]. The coupling of charged particle collective motion via the electric field leads to an interest ...
... rearranging to shield most of the gas from the field. The large mostly field free regions of the gas with almost perfectly balanced positive and negative space charges were called plasma by Langmuir [107]. The coupling of charged particle collective motion via the electric field leads to an interest ...
Ultra hard x rays from krypton clusters heated by intense laser fields
... x-ray generation from clusters, the highest x-ray photon energy reported so far is 3.3 keV from H-like argon measured at an intensity of 1017 Wcm⫺2 . 6 Furthermore, the study of x-ray emission from the plasma produced by ultrashort laser pulses yields additional information on plasma formation and i ...
... x-ray generation from clusters, the highest x-ray photon energy reported so far is 3.3 keV from H-like argon measured at an intensity of 1017 Wcm⫺2 . 6 Furthermore, the study of x-ray emission from the plasma produced by ultrashort laser pulses yields additional information on plasma formation and i ...
Discharge Generation of Atomic Iodine
... Emission spectroscopy is the diagnostic technique widely used for measuring plasma parameters (temperature) and plasma composition i.e. species present in plasma like atoms, molecules and ions. A great advantage of emissive spectroscopy is that it is passive and therefore nondisturbing method i.e. d ...
... Emission spectroscopy is the diagnostic technique widely used for measuring plasma parameters (temperature) and plasma composition i.e. species present in plasma like atoms, molecules and ions. A great advantage of emissive spectroscopy is that it is passive and therefore nondisturbing method i.e. d ...
... in ring-cusp electron-bombardment ion thrusters.23,24 The plasma potential structures are insensitive to thruster throttling level with a minimum as low as 14 V measured at the DCA exit plane increasing gradually in the axial direction. Shorting of the discharge keeper to discharge cathode common, a ...
Dust Grain Charge Process in Negative Ion Plasma AThesis
... About 80 years ago Tonks and Langmuir (1929) first coined the term „plasma‟ to describe the inner region (remote from the boundaries) of a glowing ionized gas produced by means of an electric discharge in a tube. The term plasma represents a microscopically neutral gas containing many interacting ch ...
... About 80 years ago Tonks and Langmuir (1929) first coined the term „plasma‟ to describe the inner region (remote from the boundaries) of a glowing ionized gas produced by means of an electric discharge in a tube. The term plasma represents a microscopically neutral gas containing many interacting ch ...
Magnetic Field Angle Effects on Sheath Formation near a Flat Plate
... an axial electric field. The cathode is heated to generate electrons, which migrate into the chamber as they are attracted to the inner anode. As the electrons enter the chamber, they become trapped in the radial magnetic field and begin to gyrate around the field lines. Neutral propellant with high at ...
... an axial electric field. The cathode is heated to generate electrons, which migrate into the chamber as they are attracted to the inner anode. As the electrons enter the chamber, they become trapped in the radial magnetic field and begin to gyrate around the field lines. Neutral propellant with high at ...
The origins of electrical resistivity in magnetic reconnection:
... tokamak core plasma (Wesson, 1990), as mentioned above. Anomalous resistivity is defined as the one that appears as nonlinear effects of wave-particle interactions (Krall and Liewer, 1971), in analogy to electron scattering by phonons in solid-state physics. Waves can be generated by either electron ...
... tokamak core plasma (Wesson, 1990), as mentioned above. Anomalous resistivity is defined as the one that appears as nonlinear effects of wave-particle interactions (Krall and Liewer, 1971), in analogy to electron scattering by phonons in solid-state physics. Waves can be generated by either electron ...
The effects of charged dust on Saturn`s rings
... rings when spokes were present and evolving. The shadows are cast by submicron-sized dust lifted above the B ring. The small dust grains are most likely produced by the impact of objects, including meteors, on the larger solid particles in the rings. An impact also produces plasma, and the grains be ...
... rings when spokes were present and evolving. The shadows are cast by submicron-sized dust lifted above the B ring. The small dust grains are most likely produced by the impact of objects, including meteors, on the larger solid particles in the rings. An impact also produces plasma, and the grains be ...
Kinetic Theory of the Alfvén Wave Acceleration of
... 1975; Borovsky, 1984, 1993a; Koskinen and Mälkki, 1993; Berthomier et al., 1998). While these steady-state solutions show that such structures can exist, they do not describe how they form. The time evolution of these structures has been studied through particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations (e.g., Goe ...
... 1975; Borovsky, 1984, 1993a; Koskinen and Mälkki, 1993; Berthomier et al., 1998). While these steady-state solutions show that such structures can exist, they do not describe how they form. The time evolution of these structures has been studied through particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations (e.g., Goe ...
Parallel electric field structures associated with the low-frequency oscillations
... The electrostatic ion cyclotron (EIC) waves have been studied extensively in the auroral plasma because of their important role in heating and acceleration of the plasma (Kelley et al., 1975). The EIC waves are found to be unstable to current-driven instabilities in the auroral region (Kindel and Ke ...
... The electrostatic ion cyclotron (EIC) waves have been studied extensively in the auroral plasma because of their important role in heating and acceleration of the plasma (Kelley et al., 1975). The EIC waves are found to be unstable to current-driven instabilities in the auroral region (Kindel and Ke ...
Tearing mode dynamics and locking in the presence of external
... theory.12,19 Furthermore, after TM wall-locking, hysteresis caused by reduction of viscous torque and increase in the tearing mode amplitude has been experimentally observed.26,30 Previous works in RFPs have mainly focused on the interaction between a single harmonic RMP and a TM of corresponding re ...
... theory.12,19 Furthermore, after TM wall-locking, hysteresis caused by reduction of viscous torque and increase in the tearing mode amplitude has been experimentally observed.26,30 Previous works in RFPs have mainly focused on the interaction between a single harmonic RMP and a TM of corresponding re ...
Intro_Etching
... Physical Etching Due to the voltage drop between the plasma and the electrodes and the resulting electric field across the sheaths, positive ions are accelerated towards each electrode The wafers are on one electrode Therefore, ionic species (Cl+ or Ar+) will be accelerated towards the wafer su ...
... Physical Etching Due to the voltage drop between the plasma and the electrodes and the resulting electric field across the sheaths, positive ions are accelerated towards each electrode The wafers are on one electrode Therefore, ionic species (Cl+ or Ar+) will be accelerated towards the wafer su ...
Atomic processes in antihydrogen experiments: a theoretical and computational perspective TOPICAL REVIEW
... back to the 1920s. However, the H̄ experiments are for a range of parameters that have not been treated until quite recently. The novelty arises due to the combination of low temperature and high magnetic fields that are present in these experiments. Almost all of the processes are qualitatively cha ...
... back to the 1920s. However, the H̄ experiments are for a range of parameters that have not been treated until quite recently. The novelty arises due to the combination of low temperature and high magnetic fields that are present in these experiments. Almost all of the processes are qualitatively cha ...
Magnetic Reconnection Project
... • Can plasmoids produce fast MHD reconnection in the corona? Daughton et al ‘09 Bhattacharjee et al. (2009) Cassak et al. (2009) Uzdensky et al. (2010) Shepherd and Cassak (2010) Huang et al (2011) ...
... • Can plasmoids produce fast MHD reconnection in the corona? Daughton et al ‘09 Bhattacharjee et al. (2009) Cassak et al. (2009) Uzdensky et al. (2010) Shepherd and Cassak (2010) Huang et al (2011) ...
Ion-acoustic supersolitons in plasmas with two
... magnetosphere,23 it is noticeable that in general, jc < jh . Hence, when Baluku and Hellberg24 studied the effects of low j on ion-acoustic solitons in a two-electron-temperature plasma, they used jc ¼ 2 and jh ¼ 3 as a representative low-j case. However, although the generalization of a Boltzmann d ...
... magnetosphere,23 it is noticeable that in general, jc < jh . Hence, when Baluku and Hellberg24 studied the effects of low j on ion-acoustic solitons in a two-electron-temperature plasma, they used jc ¼ 2 and jh ¼ 3 as a representative low-j case. However, although the generalization of a Boltzmann d ...
A kinetic model for runaway electrons in the ionosphere
... hundreds of µA/m2 . This large current density could be the cause of many phenomena such as tall red rays or triggering of unstable ion acoustic waves. In the present paper, we consider the issue of electrons moving through an ionospheric gas of positive ions and neutrals under the influence of a st ...
... hundreds of µA/m2 . This large current density could be the cause of many phenomena such as tall red rays or triggering of unstable ion acoustic waves. In the present paper, we consider the issue of electrons moving through an ionospheric gas of positive ions and neutrals under the influence of a st ...
- Spiral - Imperial College London
... 1.4 Diameter distributions of dust collected from tokamaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.1 Results of numerically integrating eq. (2.45) with the DH solution as a boundary condition, assuming various a/λD and η a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.2 ABR predictions of ...
... 1.4 Diameter distributions of dust collected from tokamaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.1 Results of numerically integrating eq. (2.45) with the DH solution as a boundary condition, assuming various a/λD and η a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.2 ABR predictions of ...
Interpretation of the Helix Planetary Nebula using Hydro
... Helix (NGC 7293), so that the Hubble Helix team of volunteers could devote a substantial fraction of the 14 hour Leonid stand-down period taking photographs with the full array of HST cameras including the newly installed wide angle Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). As the closest PNe to earth with ...
... Helix (NGC 7293), so that the Hubble Helix team of volunteers could devote a substantial fraction of the 14 hour Leonid stand-down period taking photographs with the full array of HST cameras including the newly installed wide angle Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). As the closest PNe to earth with ...
The Guiding Center Approximation to Charged Particle Motion
... The krm (b/c i X e. VB( R) must he ret,:kled in Eq. (4 ) ; as will becwmr apparent short,ly, t,his term is not of order C’ but is of order C. Son- define three orthogonal unit vectors: lrt, el equal B,/B, let e2 he a unit \-cctor dirwtcd towards the wntrr of cwrvatluc of the line of force, and let e ...
... The krm (b/c i X e. VB( R) must he ret,:kled in Eq. (4 ) ; as will becwmr apparent short,ly, t,his term is not of order C’ but is of order C. Son- define three orthogonal unit vectors: lrt, el equal B,/B, let e2 he a unit \-cctor dirwtcd towards the wntrr of cwrvatluc of the line of force, and let e ...
PUBLISHED VERSION Two-fluid simulations of driven reconnection
... NZ vary depending on the magnitude of the dissipation coefficients used and are stated explicitly for each simulation. For simulations with the lowest dissipation scales, we perform grid convergence tests by coarsening NR and NZ by a factor of 2. All of the simulations described in this paper use th ...
... NZ vary depending on the magnitude of the dissipation coefficients used and are stated explicitly for each simulation. For simulations with the lowest dissipation scales, we perform grid convergence tests by coarsening NR and NZ by a factor of 2. All of the simulations described in this paper use th ...
"Antimatter plasmas and antihydrogen" Physics of Plasma 4 (1997), pp. 1528-43. R. G. Greaves and C. M. Surko (PDF)
... The existence of antimatter has been known since Anderson’s discovery of the positron in 1932,1 and the role of antiparticles in elementary particle physics is now understood in great detail. Nevertheless, recent advances in the ability to capture and cool positrons and antiprotons in electromagneti ...
... The existence of antimatter has been known since Anderson’s discovery of the positron in 1932,1 and the role of antiparticles in elementary particle physics is now understood in great detail. Nevertheless, recent advances in the ability to capture and cool positrons and antiprotons in electromagneti ...
Development of the Starfish Plasma Simulation Code and Update
... The thermalized potential model (TPM) is attractive for modeling Hall thrusters. It is computationally efficient since only several hundred computational cells are required (typical HPHall simulations utilize domains with approximately 50 × 30 cells). In the PIC method, the number of required partic ...
... The thermalized potential model (TPM) is attractive for modeling Hall thrusters. It is computationally efficient since only several hundred computational cells are required (typical HPHall simulations utilize domains with approximately 50 × 30 cells). In the PIC method, the number of required partic ...
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) e-ISSN: 2278-4861.
... flow does explain certain features of atmospherics but it is not based on the plasma processes taking place in the return stroke current flow in the lightning channel. Singh and Singh [13] have reported in their presentation that the upwelling ion beam interacts with the pre-ionized channel and give ...
... flow does explain certain features of atmospherics but it is not based on the plasma processes taking place in the return stroke current flow in the lightning channel. Singh and Singh [13] have reported in their presentation that the upwelling ion beam interacts with the pre-ionized channel and give ...
THE PLASMA ENVIRONMENT OF COMET 67P/CHURYUMOV
... Lipatov et al., 2002). This will be shown to be especially important at the time of the Rosetta – 67P/CG rendezvous when the production rate is very low. At this time, the classical ideas of bow shocks and diamagnetic cavities are meaningless. The complex nature of the solar wind – comet interaction ...
... Lipatov et al., 2002). This will be shown to be especially important at the time of the Rosetta – 67P/CG rendezvous when the production rate is very low. At this time, the classical ideas of bow shocks and diamagnetic cavities are meaningless. The complex nature of the solar wind – comet interaction ...
The Properties of Reconnection Current Sheets in GRMHD
... of simplifications that reduce computation time and facilitate calculations. The most common is the assumption of “ideal” MHD, which enforces that the plasma is infinitely conductive. This assumption leads to a couple of important properties: any electric fields in the fluid frame are shorted out an ...
... of simplifications that reduce computation time and facilitate calculations. The most common is the assumption of “ideal” MHD, which enforces that the plasma is infinitely conductive. This assumption leads to a couple of important properties: any electric fields in the fluid frame are shorted out an ...
Plasma (physics)
Plasma (from Greek πλάσμα, ""anything formed"") is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. A plasma has properties unlike those of the other states.A plasma can be created by heating a gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator. This decreases or increases the number of electrons, creating positive or negative charged particles called ions, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present.The presence of a significant number of charge carriers makes plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. Like gas, plasma does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless enclosed in a container. Unlike gas, under the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments, beams and double layers.Plasma is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the Universe (the only matter known to exist for sure, the more abundant dark matter is hypothetical and may or may not be explained by ordinary matter), most of which is in the rarefied intergalactic regions, particularly the intracluster medium, and in stars, including the Sun. A common form of plasmas on Earth is seen in neon signs.Much of the understanding of plasmas has come from the pursuit of controlled nuclear fusion and fusion power, for which plasma physics provides the scientific basis.