Particle acceleration and synchrotron emission in blazar jets
... crossing time is short compared with the synchrotron cooling time is it reasonable to assume homogeneity. If this condition is not fulfilled, the observed variability is dominated by the shape and orientation of the source, rather than the intrinsic cooling and acceleration timescales. Until recentl ...
... crossing time is short compared with the synchrotron cooling time is it reasonable to assume homogeneity. If this condition is not fulfilled, the observed variability is dominated by the shape and orientation of the source, rather than the intrinsic cooling and acceleration timescales. Until recentl ...
Large-scale numerical simulations of ion beam instabilities in
... mass ratio and a relatively small number of particles per cell.13 However, by prescribing an initial configuration consisting of one or two ion beams, drifting relative to bulk ions and electrons, we can represent conditions likely to occur at quasiperpendicular high Mach number shocks, thereby obta ...
... mass ratio and a relatively small number of particles per cell.13 However, by prescribing an initial configuration consisting of one or two ion beams, drifting relative to bulk ions and electrons, we can represent conditions likely to occur at quasiperpendicular high Mach number shocks, thereby obta ...
Ongoing: Ion-Enhanced Field Emission
... – liquid/flesh/sputtering/cells/etc. – electrochemistry/biological/environmental ...
... – liquid/flesh/sputtering/cells/etc. – electrochemistry/biological/environmental ...
Potential for Life on the Terrestrial Planets
... temperature gradient ∂T/∂z > 0. In the lower thermosphere convection can play an important role in the transport of heat, while in the upper thermosphere heat is transported by molecular conduction, leading to an isothermal region (T=const). In the region, called the exosphere, where the mean free p ...
... temperature gradient ∂T/∂z > 0. In the lower thermosphere convection can play an important role in the transport of heat, while in the upper thermosphere heat is transported by molecular conduction, leading to an isothermal region (T=const). In the region, called the exosphere, where the mean free p ...
astrophysical gyrokinetics: basic equations and linear theory
... compared to those of hot-plasma kinetic theory. These results are used to validate the performance of the gyrokinetic simulation code GS2 in the parameter regimes relevant for astrophysical plasmas. New results on global energy conservation in gyrokinetics are also derived. We briefly outline severa ...
... compared to those of hot-plasma kinetic theory. These results are used to validate the performance of the gyrokinetic simulation code GS2 in the parameter regimes relevant for astrophysical plasmas. New results on global energy conservation in gyrokinetics are also derived. We briefly outline severa ...
ONE GEV BEAM ACCELERATION IN A ONE METER LONG
... plasma wakefields have been modeled at USC. The transport of the SLC beam into the FFTB, through the plasma cell and into the beam dump has been studied carefully at SLAC. Finally, the appropriate beam diagnostic has been specified based on the extensive experience at SLAC and LBNL. We believe that ...
... plasma wakefields have been modeled at USC. The transport of the SLC beam into the FFTB, through the plasma cell and into the beam dump has been studied carefully at SLAC. Finally, the appropriate beam diagnostic has been specified based on the extensive experience at SLAC and LBNL. We believe that ...
Electrostatic turbulence in tokamaks on transport time scales
... including all the axisymmetric neoclassical and zonal flow radial electric field effects, as well as the turbulent transport normally associated with drift instabilities. Neoclassical electric field effects are particularly difficult to retain since they require evaluating the ion distribution funct ...
... including all the axisymmetric neoclassical and zonal flow radial electric field effects, as well as the turbulent transport normally associated with drift instabilities. Neoclassical electric field effects are particularly difficult to retain since they require evaluating the ion distribution funct ...
Ion Shading Effects during Metal Etch in Plasma Processing
... from the silicon wafer onto which submicron circuits are built by deposition and etching. These features have a minimum size (or critical dimension CD) of 60 nm or below. The sheath thickness s is at least 5!D, where !D is the Debye length, and can be several times this if a large negative dc bias i ...
... from the silicon wafer onto which submicron circuits are built by deposition and etching. These features have a minimum size (or critical dimension CD) of 60 nm or below. The sheath thickness s is at least 5!D, where !D is the Debye length, and can be several times this if a large negative dc bias i ...
Ion Power Balance in Neutral Beam Heated Discharges on the NSTX
... readers for this dissertation. Their corrections and suggestions helped shape this into a much stronger thesis. I also want to thank Stan Kaye for his help with TRANSP, as well as his comments and help in strengthening my arguments. I would also like to thank Lane Roquemore, Doug Labrie, Vlad Soukha ...
... readers for this dissertation. Their corrections and suggestions helped shape this into a much stronger thesis. I also want to thank Stan Kaye for his help with TRANSP, as well as his comments and help in strengthening my arguments. I would also like to thank Lane Roquemore, Doug Labrie, Vlad Soukha ...
Europa`s Interaction with the Jovian Magnetosphere
... the flow builds up a wedge of magnetic and thermal pressure upstream of the obstacle that diverts some of the incident flow. The flow slows first where unperturbed streamlines impact the moon. With the magnetic field frozen into the plasma, the slowing in one portion of the flux tube while remote re ...
... the flow builds up a wedge of magnetic and thermal pressure upstream of the obstacle that diverts some of the incident flow. The flow slows first where unperturbed streamlines impact the moon. With the magnetic field frozen into the plasma, the slowing in one portion of the flux tube while remote re ...
Spectral condensation of turbulence in plasmas and fluids and its
... zonal flows, also termed geodesic acoustic modes, is also widely discussed. Regardless of the theoretical details, these anisotropic potential structures are believed to be generated by the small-scale unstable modes 共e.g., drift waves兲 through wave-wave interactions and the spectral energy transfer ...
... zonal flows, also termed geodesic acoustic modes, is also widely discussed. Regardless of the theoretical details, these anisotropic potential structures are believed to be generated by the small-scale unstable modes 共e.g., drift waves兲 through wave-wave interactions and the spectral energy transfer ...
Guiding center atoms: Three-body recombination in a strongly
... this one way fiux at the bottleneck. From the existence of the bottleneck, we may deduce the following picture. As atoms are formed and cascade to deeper binding, only a small fraction get through the bottleneck; the rest are re-ionized. If an atom makes it through the bottleneck, it continues to e ...
... this one way fiux at the bottleneck. From the existence of the bottleneck, we may deduce the following picture. As atoms are formed and cascade to deeper binding, only a small fraction get through the bottleneck; the rest are re-ionized. If an atom makes it through the bottleneck, it continues to e ...
Phase-space holes due to electron and ion beams accelerated by a
... both fixed at zero at the left boundary throughout the run while the potential and field are allowed to float at the right boundary with an initial value of zero for both. It is important to note that in these simulations there is no initial potential difference between the two boundaries. This is i ...
... both fixed at zero at the left boundary throughout the run while the potential and field are allowed to float at the right boundary with an initial value of zero for both. It is important to note that in these simulations there is no initial potential difference between the two boundaries. This is i ...
Bruneau JAP 2016 - University of York
... for H ¼ 0.75p, which is a region where the discharge asymmetry depends strongly on H, as already observed in the DC self-bias voltage in Fig. 3. Therefore, a small difference in H between the experiments and the simulations will lead to large changes in the excitation dynamics. It should be noted th ...
... for H ¼ 0.75p, which is a region where the discharge asymmetry depends strongly on H, as already observed in the DC self-bias voltage in Fig. 3. Therefore, a small difference in H between the experiments and the simulations will lead to large changes in the excitation dynamics. It should be noted th ...
Inhomogeneous cloud coverage through the Coulomb explosion of
... Consider a dust particle submerged in an electron-ion plasma. We will assume that the particle currents drawn from such a plasma are the only contributors to the grain charge and we ignore other charging processes such as photoionization and secondary electron emission. This assumption is valid in t ...
... Consider a dust particle submerged in an electron-ion plasma. We will assume that the particle currents drawn from such a plasma are the only contributors to the grain charge and we ignore other charging processes such as photoionization and secondary electron emission. This assumption is valid in t ...
Saturn`s polar ionospheric flows and their relation to the main
... ∼13◦ and ∼15◦ . Again, however, images which were well separated in UT show considerable variation in brightness, from no emission at all above the ∼5 kR threshold, to emissions peaking (in the pre-noon sector) at ∼100 kR. When UV emission is present, however, its location is generally found to lie ...
... ∼13◦ and ∼15◦ . Again, however, images which were well separated in UT show considerable variation in brightness, from no emission at all above the ∼5 kR threshold, to emissions peaking (in the pre-noon sector) at ∼100 kR. When UV emission is present, however, its location is generally found to lie ...
Response of equatorial-low latitude ionosphere
... line in Figure 3 (see also Figure 2). The short-lived perturbation in Vz over Kodaikanal thus indicates the presence of a transient westward electric field near the nightside dip equator at the time of the preliminary impulse of the si- and an eastward field thereafter. The amplitude ofthe westward ...
... line in Figure 3 (see also Figure 2). The short-lived perturbation in Vz over Kodaikanal thus indicates the presence of a transient westward electric field near the nightside dip equator at the time of the preliminary impulse of the si- and an eastward field thereafter. The amplitude ofthe westward ...
Experimental study of fluctuations excited by a narrow temperature
... coated cathode and subsequently accelerated by a semitransparent 共transmission efficiency ⬇50%) grid anode located 60 cm from the cathode. The end of the plasma column is terminated by an electrically floating copper plate. The accelerated primaries (⬃50 V兲 drift into a 9.4 m long vacuum chamber and ...
... coated cathode and subsequently accelerated by a semitransparent 共transmission efficiency ⬇50%) grid anode located 60 cm from the cathode. The end of the plasma column is terminated by an electrically floating copper plate. The accelerated primaries (⬃50 V兲 drift into a 9.4 m long vacuum chamber and ...
New Interpretations of Measured Antihydrogen Velocities and Field
... For large B, where n is no longer a good quantum number, calculations are scarce. There is one example [18], in which extremely large capture cross sections, 1010 cm2 , were predicted for Rydberg electron capture from an n 28 state in a B 4 T field. Scaling to Rydberg states near n 100 gives ...
... For large B, where n is no longer a good quantum number, calculations are scarce. There is one example [18], in which extremely large capture cross sections, 1010 cm2 , were predicted for Rydberg electron capture from an n 28 state in a B 4 T field. Scaling to Rydberg states near n 100 gives ...
Chapter 4 Chain gas-phase processes in the external action
... CS2, etc.) in the air by a pulsed electron beam showed that the energy used to decompose one molecule of the gas is lower than its dissociation energy. This is due to the fact that some favorable conditions for the occurrence of chain processes are formed when an electron beam is involved [1]. At lo ...
... CS2, etc.) in the air by a pulsed electron beam showed that the energy used to decompose one molecule of the gas is lower than its dissociation energy. This is due to the fact that some favorable conditions for the occurrence of chain processes are formed when an electron beam is involved [1]. At lo ...
FRED VALK Nitrogen emission spectrum as a measure of electric
... the percentage of plasma in the Universe, one thing is undeniable – the number of appliances and technologies utilizing plasma in their work will certainly rise. As a matter of fact, nowadays, at least one third of the tens to hundreds of fabrication steps required for microchip production are typic ...
... the percentage of plasma in the Universe, one thing is undeniable – the number of appliances and technologies utilizing plasma in their work will certainly rise. As a matter of fact, nowadays, at least one third of the tens to hundreds of fabrication steps required for microchip production are typic ...
by B.S. University of Puerto Rico ... M.S. University of Puerto Rico (1973)
... general topology and dynamics of the plasmasphere we must incorporate the effects of the rapid variation on the flow velocity (or the convective electric field) in the stability analysis of the plasmapause. A different kind of motion of the thermal plasma in the magnetosphere was proposed by Gold (1 ...
... general topology and dynamics of the plasmasphere we must incorporate the effects of the rapid variation on the flow velocity (or the convective electric field) in the stability analysis of the plasmapause. A different kind of motion of the thermal plasma in the magnetosphere was proposed by Gold (1 ...
Chapter 3 The ionosphere of the Earth
... the dominant ions below 150 km. At greater heights O ions are more abundant and the number of H+ ions starts to increase rapidly above 300 km. D-region (not shown) contains negative and positive ions and ion clusters. The distribution of ions depends on solar and magnetospheric activity. The tempera ...
... the dominant ions below 150 km. At greater heights O ions are more abundant and the number of H+ ions starts to increase rapidly above 300 km. D-region (not shown) contains negative and positive ions and ion clusters. The distribution of ions depends on solar and magnetospheric activity. The tempera ...
Simulation of a direct current microplasma discharge in helium at
... considerable efforts to develop microdischarge devices that can effectively generate and maintain stable discharges at such high pressures. These studies are motivated by numerous potential applications of microdischarges, including ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet light sources, sensors, microele ...
... considerable efforts to develop microdischarge devices that can effectively generate and maintain stable discharges at such high pressures. These studies are motivated by numerous potential applications of microdischarges, including ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet light sources, sensors, microele ...
PHY 380L Introduction to Plasma Physics Richard Fitzpatrick
... micro-circuit fabrication industry. Liquid and even solid-state systems can occasionally display the collective electromagnetic effects that characterize plasma: e.g., liquid mercury exhibits many dynamical modes, such as Alfvén waves, which occur in conventional plasmas. ...
... micro-circuit fabrication industry. Liquid and even solid-state systems can occasionally display the collective electromagnetic effects that characterize plasma: e.g., liquid mercury exhibits many dynamical modes, such as Alfvén waves, which occur in conventional plasmas. ...
Plasma (physics)
Plasma (from Greek πλάσμα, ""anything formed"") is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. A plasma has properties unlike those of the other states.A plasma can be created by heating a gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator. This decreases or increases the number of electrons, creating positive or negative charged particles called ions, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present.The presence of a significant number of charge carriers makes plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. Like gas, plasma does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless enclosed in a container. Unlike gas, under the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments, beams and double layers.Plasma is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the Universe (the only matter known to exist for sure, the more abundant dark matter is hypothetical and may or may not be explained by ordinary matter), most of which is in the rarefied intergalactic regions, particularly the intracluster medium, and in stars, including the Sun. A common form of plasmas on Earth is seen in neon signs.Much of the understanding of plasmas has come from the pursuit of controlled nuclear fusion and fusion power, for which plasma physics provides the scientific basis.