Selective Deuteron Acceleration using Target Normal Sheath
... mother nature (Rick), explain to the experiment it is either you or me (Linn) and threaten it with a wrench. These phrases exist for a reason. So taking these together putting my name alone at the top of this work is somewhat disingenuous. Experimental research by its nature requires quite a collect ...
... mother nature (Rick), explain to the experiment it is either you or me (Linn) and threaten it with a wrench. These phrases exist for a reason. So taking these together putting my name alone at the top of this work is somewhat disingenuous. Experimental research by its nature requires quite a collect ...
Branam 1 Iodine as an Alternative Fuel for Electric Propulsion
... Iodine is commonly a negative ion in the monatomic state as is typical with halogens. The proven ionization process used by space propulsion devices introduces high energy electrons. These electrons add the energy for the diatomic iodine to disassociate and create a negative ion in some instances. N ...
... Iodine is commonly a negative ion in the monatomic state as is typical with halogens. The proven ionization process used by space propulsion devices introduces high energy electrons. These electrons add the energy for the diatomic iodine to disassociate and create a negative ion in some instances. N ...
Bifurcations of current transfer through a collisional sheath with
... discharges are of considerable scientific interest, both intrinsically and as an important example of a self-organization phenomenon. The understanding of these modes is of critical importance for design of a number of technical devices. Basically, there are two approaches to theoretical description ...
... discharges are of considerable scientific interest, both intrinsically and as an important example of a self-organization phenomenon. The understanding of these modes is of critical importance for design of a number of technical devices. Basically, there are two approaches to theoretical description ...
DOUBLE-SIDED ARC WELDING INCREASES WELD JOINT
... another welding process, arc welding process will be performed in a novel method. It is known that plasma arc welding (PAW) can achieve deeper penetration than other arc welding because of its more concentrated arc and plasma jet [2]. However, the majority of the welding current in PAW earths throug ...
... another welding process, arc welding process will be performed in a novel method. It is known that plasma arc welding (PAW) can achieve deeper penetration than other arc welding because of its more concentrated arc and plasma jet [2]. However, the majority of the welding current in PAW earths throug ...
High Resolution Chandra Spectroscopy of Gamma Cassiopeia (B0
... SRH98). Highly redshifted spectral lines in the UV (Smith & Robinson 1999) are indicative of high velocity plasmoids, with energies comparable to the X-ray flux and suggest the interaction of X-ray emitting volumes with a circumstellar structure, probably the dense disk of the Be star. There is indi ...
... SRH98). Highly redshifted spectral lines in the UV (Smith & Robinson 1999) are indicative of high velocity plasmoids, with energies comparable to the X-ray flux and suggest the interaction of X-ray emitting volumes with a circumstellar structure, probably the dense disk of the Be star. There is indi ...
An investigation of some effects of drifts and magnetic field direction
... One difficulty is that the resulting calculation of some important quantities is of the form of a small difference of two or more large terms, leading to numerical problems in achieving a solution. This has led previous workers to manipulation of the equations involved to analytically eliminate the ...
... One difficulty is that the resulting calculation of some important quantities is of the form of a small difference of two or more large terms, leading to numerical problems in achieving a solution. This has led previous workers to manipulation of the equations involved to analytically eliminate the ...
Scaling of the inner electron diffusion region in collisionless
... which in turn is convected along the separatrices. [39] As it was pointed out previously, the electron velocity is directed parallel to the X-line first. Electrons are turned to the outflow direction away from the EDR approximately over a local Larmor radius rLe ≅ mevAec/(eBz). From the fluid point ...
... which in turn is convected along the separatrices. [39] As it was pointed out previously, the electron velocity is directed parallel to the X-line first. Electrons are turned to the outflow direction away from the EDR approximately over a local Larmor radius rLe ≅ mevAec/(eBz). From the fluid point ...
A statistical study of incoherent scatter plasma line enhancements
... backscatter power in the ion line and in the plasma line. Two classes of plasma line enhancements were found, one distribution that is limited in both frequency and altitude and one class which have a broad frequency and altitude distribution. In the study they found that plasma line enhancements oc ...
... backscatter power in the ion line and in the plasma line. Two classes of plasma line enhancements were found, one distribution that is limited in both frequency and altitude and one class which have a broad frequency and altitude distribution. In the study they found that plasma line enhancements oc ...
Stellarator Agreement
... activity was launched, to be able to explore a wider range of configuration and plasma parameter space. The effective helicity, as the configuration-dependent quantity, was introduced to produce the ISS04. The trend, of better energy confinement in the case of smaller effective helicity, is recogniz ...
... activity was launched, to be able to explore a wider range of configuration and plasma parameter space. The effective helicity, as the configuration-dependent quantity, was introduced to produce the ISS04. The trend, of better energy confinement in the case of smaller effective helicity, is recogniz ...
Numerical Investigation of the Plasma Formation in Distilled Water
... these two mentioned mechanisms. Although these models could reasonably investigate the experimental measurements that carried out on gases and solids in aqueous media [12,13], however, these models still did not give well understanding about the breakdown phenomenon. Accordingly, in the present work ...
... these two mentioned mechanisms. Although these models could reasonably investigate the experimental measurements that carried out on gases and solids in aqueous media [12,13], however, these models still did not give well understanding about the breakdown phenomenon. Accordingly, in the present work ...
Yield of Ozone, Nitrite Nitrogen and Hydrogen Peroxide Versus
... the appearance positions of stairs on the voltage waveforms are asymmetric within a completely discharged period. This can be explained as the following: the resistance of the discharge region is a good conductor during the discharge state, and it changes to an insulator during the un-discharged sta ...
... the appearance positions of stairs on the voltage waveforms are asymmetric within a completely discharged period. This can be explained as the following: the resistance of the discharge region is a good conductor during the discharge state, and it changes to an insulator during the un-discharged sta ...
Thermalization of photoexcited carriers in bismuth investigated by
... symmetric (A1g ) phonon displays a large softening at high excitation densities.3,5 The models that have been proposed within density functional theory (DFT) to explain the coherent lattice displacement have generated an ongoing controversy about the energy relaxation. Indeed, these models depend on ...
... symmetric (A1g ) phonon displays a large softening at high excitation densities.3,5 The models that have been proposed within density functional theory (DFT) to explain the coherent lattice displacement have generated an ongoing controversy about the energy relaxation. Indeed, these models depend on ...
Different Alfvén wave acceleration processes of electrons - HAL-Insu
... resonances that may explain some stable arcs (Samson et al., 2003). Since the ability of an Alfvén wave to accelerate electrons depends on the magnitude of its parallel electric field, which is significant only when the perpendicular wavelength is not much larger than the local electron inertial le ...
... resonances that may explain some stable arcs (Samson et al., 2003). Since the ability of an Alfvén wave to accelerate electrons depends on the magnitude of its parallel electric field, which is significant only when the perpendicular wavelength is not much larger than the local electron inertial le ...
Cluster observations of an ion-scale current sheet in the magnetotail
... plotted only when the angle between the spin-plane and magnetic field exceeds 15 degrees. Although the absence of a parallel electric field may not be particularly justified in ...
... plotted only when the angle between the spin-plane and magnetic field exceeds 15 degrees. Although the absence of a parallel electric field may not be particularly justified in ...
Particle-in-cell simulation of a mildly relativistic collision of an
... (Scholer et al. 2003). The acceleration of electrons by substructures of quasi-parallel shocks, which may be SLAMS, has been observed in the solar corona (Mann et al. 1998). The absence of self-consistent kinetic models of oblique shocks implies that they can currently be studied only numerically wi ...
... (Scholer et al. 2003). The acceleration of electrons by substructures of quasi-parallel shocks, which may be SLAMS, has been observed in the solar corona (Mann et al. 1998). The absence of self-consistent kinetic models of oblique shocks implies that they can currently be studied only numerically wi ...
Semi-analytical model of ionization oscillations in Hall thrusters
... propellant efficiencies (specific impulse). These devices, however, only produce very low levels of thrust, requiring long firing times to produce a mission's required changes in velocity. When operating, today's electric thrusters slowly cannibalize themselves, resulting in a finite thruster lifeti ...
... propellant efficiencies (specific impulse). These devices, however, only produce very low levels of thrust, requiring long firing times to produce a mission's required changes in velocity. When operating, today's electric thrusters slowly cannibalize themselves, resulting in a finite thruster lifeti ...
Swarm including near real time applications
... Sophisticated space weather monitoring aims at nowcasting and predicting solar-terrestrial interactions because their effects on the ionosphere and upper atmosphere may seriously impact advanced technology. Operating alert infrastructures rely heavily on ground-based measurements and satellite obser ...
... Sophisticated space weather monitoring aims at nowcasting and predicting solar-terrestrial interactions because their effects on the ionosphere and upper atmosphere may seriously impact advanced technology. Operating alert infrastructures rely heavily on ground-based measurements and satellite obser ...
Impurity transport modelling in the scrape off layer - DORAS
... I would first like to thank my Supervisor Miles Turner for his long lasting support and trust, in particular in allowing me to explore my experimental side in the early stages of this work, also my thanks go to my co-supervisor Steven Lisgo for providing both ideas and knowledge. I would also like t ...
... I would first like to thank my Supervisor Miles Turner for his long lasting support and trust, in particular in allowing me to explore my experimental side in the early stages of this work, also my thanks go to my co-supervisor Steven Lisgo for providing both ideas and knowledge. I would also like t ...
1D PIC code with Monte
... Comparison of timetables showed that CIC and TSC schemes increased the execution time (as compared with NGP) to only a small extent – about 5%. The second conventional test is a free drift of charged particles through the matter. The major task of the test is a verification of energy conservation wi ...
... Comparison of timetables showed that CIC and TSC schemes increased the execution time (as compared with NGP) to only a small extent – about 5%. The second conventional test is a free drift of charged particles through the matter. The major task of the test is a verification of energy conservation wi ...
first complete determination of plasma physical parameters across a
... (EUV) by the LASCO and UVCS instruments on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, as well as in metric and decametric wavelengths through space- and ground-based radio observatories. Clear signatures of shock transit are (1) strong type II emission lanes observed after the CME initiation, (2) ...
... (EUV) by the LASCO and UVCS instruments on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, as well as in metric and decametric wavelengths through space- and ground-based radio observatories. Clear signatures of shock transit are (1) strong type II emission lanes observed after the CME initiation, (2) ...
A survey of Galileo plasma wave instrument observations of Jovian
... need for improved statistical studies of chorus emissions at Jupiter to provide improved parameters for existing models of chorus-stimulated electron acceleration. This need was a motivation to conduct the present study. ...
... need for improved statistical studies of chorus emissions at Jupiter to provide improved parameters for existing models of chorus-stimulated electron acceleration. This need was a motivation to conduct the present study. ...
PDF file - ngpdl - University of Michigan
... onto spacecraft. The exhausted plume may have interaction with spacecraft surfaces. The plasma plume may impinge on external surfaces. This impingement occurs due to either high-energy ions with a relatively large divergence angle as they exit the thruster or from back-flowing charge-exchange ions. ...
... onto spacecraft. The exhausted plume may have interaction with spacecraft surfaces. The plasma plume may impinge on external surfaces. This impingement occurs due to either high-energy ions with a relatively large divergence angle as they exit the thruster or from back-flowing charge-exchange ions. ...
On wind-driven electrojets at magnetic cusps
... were found in regions of low ionospheric density, in plasma voids. This is due in large part to the fact that the current density is directly proportional to the ionospheric density given an approximately constant difference between the ion and electron velocities, as indicated in the above equation ...
... were found in regions of low ionospheric density, in plasma voids. This is due in large part to the fact that the current density is directly proportional to the ionospheric density given an approximately constant difference between the ion and electron velocities, as indicated in the above equation ...
Far infrared scattering on plasma crystals - Ruhr
... crystals uses visible laser illumination and CCD (Charge Coupled Device) cameras to observe the light scattered by the individual particles. The movements of individual particles can be tracked and analysed with video analysis techniques. Illuminating the plasma crystal with a thin laser sheet gives ...
... crystals uses visible laser illumination and CCD (Charge Coupled Device) cameras to observe the light scattered by the individual particles. The movements of individual particles can be tracked and analysed with video analysis techniques. Illuminating the plasma crystal with a thin laser sheet gives ...
Charging and interaction of two-particle system within a glass box
... the top particle in a vertical, two-particle chain is pushed from its equilibrium position using a high-power Verdi laser, and as it returns to equilibrium will interact with the second particle. In order to isolate the particle interaction force, the electrostatic force and neutral drag force are s ...
... the top particle in a vertical, two-particle chain is pushed from its equilibrium position using a high-power Verdi laser, and as it returns to equilibrium will interact with the second particle. In order to isolate the particle interaction force, the electrostatic force and neutral drag force are s ...
Plasma (physics)
Plasma (from Greek πλάσμα, ""anything formed"") is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. A plasma has properties unlike those of the other states.A plasma can be created by heating a gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator. This decreases or increases the number of electrons, creating positive or negative charged particles called ions, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present.The presence of a significant number of charge carriers makes plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. Like gas, plasma does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless enclosed in a container. Unlike gas, under the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments, beams and double layers.Plasma is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the Universe (the only matter known to exist for sure, the more abundant dark matter is hypothetical and may or may not be explained by ordinary matter), most of which is in the rarefied intergalactic regions, particularly the intracluster medium, and in stars, including the Sun. A common form of plasmas on Earth is seen in neon signs.Much of the understanding of plasmas has come from the pursuit of controlled nuclear fusion and fusion power, for which plasma physics provides the scientific basis.