Negative-energy waves in a plasma with structured magnetic fields
... sum of the plasma pressure (the gas-kinetics pressure) and the magnetic pressure is not perturbed. These oscillations, which constitute an analog of slow magnetosonic waves in a homogeneous plasma and which are sometimes called "slow" or "varicose," are interesting since their radiative damping is v ...
... sum of the plasma pressure (the gas-kinetics pressure) and the magnetic pressure is not perturbed. These oscillations, which constitute an analog of slow magnetosonic waves in a homogeneous plasma and which are sometimes called "slow" or "varicose," are interesting since their radiative damping is v ...
Analytical estimates of the resistivity due to ion
... be an order of magnitude higher than that for a Maxwellian DF, even when the drift velocity and current density for the Maxwellian case are larger. 4. The anomalous resistivity resulting from ion acoustic waves in a Lorentzian plasma is strongly dependent on the electron drift velocity, and can vary ...
... be an order of magnitude higher than that for a Maxwellian DF, even when the drift velocity and current density for the Maxwellian case are larger. 4. The anomalous resistivity resulting from ion acoustic waves in a Lorentzian plasma is strongly dependent on the electron drift velocity, and can vary ...
Counter equatorial electrojet and overshielding after substorm onset
... CEJ depend largely on at least the ionospheric conductivity that is related to the plasma ...
... CEJ depend largely on at least the ionospheric conductivity that is related to the plasma ...
STELLAR ABLATION OF PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES
... from the Sun, both electromagnetic and mechanical. The term ‘‘geospace’’ is used here in the sense suggested by the NSF Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) Program, to encompass the coupled atmosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere, and heliosphere. Over the past 40 years, the SunEarth system has been t ...
... from the Sun, both electromagnetic and mechanical. The term ‘‘geospace’’ is used here in the sense suggested by the NSF Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) Program, to encompass the coupled atmosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere, and heliosphere. Over the past 40 years, the SunEarth system has been t ...
Symposium on Plasma Double Layers
... a variety of situations in which there are large electric fields or currents. Representing a highly nonlinear state they are of basic interest in general plasma physics as well as in space physics. They are suggested to be the mechanisms for particle acceleration in laboratory and auroral discharges ...
... a variety of situations in which there are large electric fields or currents. Representing a highly nonlinear state they are of basic interest in general plasma physics as well as in space physics. They are suggested to be the mechanisms for particle acceleration in laboratory and auroral discharges ...
Space-time evolution of electron-beam driven electron holes and
... electron thermal velocity. The initial electron and ion temperatures were assumed to be equal, i.e. Te = Ti = To and Vte = (kB To /me )1/2 , where kB is the Boltzmann constant and me is the electron mass. Beam temperature was varied in different simulations, but as long as Vb Vte > Vtb , the beam ...
... electron thermal velocity. The initial electron and ion temperatures were assumed to be equal, i.e. Te = Ti = To and Vte = (kB To /me )1/2 , where kB is the Boltzmann constant and me is the electron mass. Beam temperature was varied in different simulations, but as long as Vb Vte > Vtb , the beam ...
Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei Alan P. Marscher
... Summary. The jets of active galactic nuclei can carry a large fraction of the accreted power of the black-hole system into interstellar and even extragalactic space. They radiate profusely from radio to X-ray and γ-ray frequencies. In the most extreme cases, the outward flow speeds correspond to hig ...
... Summary. The jets of active galactic nuclei can carry a large fraction of the accreted power of the black-hole system into interstellar and even extragalactic space. They radiate profusely from radio to X-ray and γ-ray frequencies. In the most extreme cases, the outward flow speeds correspond to hig ...
Residual Electron Momentum and Energy in a Gas Ionized by a
... ionization and recombination serves as an active medium [2]. In such lasers, the degree to which the plasma is nonequilibrium with respect to these processes should be as high as possible; i.e., it is necessary to produce plasmas with the maximum possible ion charge number and minimum possible REE. ...
... ionization and recombination serves as an active medium [2]. In such lasers, the degree to which the plasma is nonequilibrium with respect to these processes should be as high as possible; i.e., it is necessary to produce plasmas with the maximum possible ion charge number and minimum possible REE. ...
Experimental Investigations of a Krypton Stationary Plasma Thruster
... reaches 60% and the specific impulse reaches 2900 s under A-3 operating with Kr. The achieved performances under operation A-3 with Kr are presented and compared with performances obtained with Xe. ...
... reaches 60% and the specific impulse reaches 2900 s under A-3 operating with Kr. The achieved performances under operation A-3 with Kr are presented and compared with performances obtained with Xe. ...
Numerical Calculation of Magnetobremsstrahlung Emission and
... In many astronomical plasmas the electron distribution includes an approximately thermal, mildly relativistic component. One such system of particular interest to us is Sgr A*, the radio source that is likely sited in a plasma surrounding the black hole at the galactic center. As theoretical models ...
... In many astronomical plasmas the electron distribution includes an approximately thermal, mildly relativistic component. One such system of particular interest to us is Sgr A*, the radio source that is likely sited in a plasma surrounding the black hole at the galactic center. As theoretical models ...
Plasma and trap-based techniques for science with positrons
... Lorentz force can continue to provide the required centripetal force to keep the spinning plasma confined (Davidson, 1990). While positron plasmas have been created that have densities within an order of magnitude of nB at low magnetic fields (0.1 T), it has proven much more difficult to approach th ...
... Lorentz force can continue to provide the required centripetal force to keep the spinning plasma confined (Davidson, 1990). While positron plasmas have been created that have densities within an order of magnitude of nB at low magnetic fields (0.1 T), it has proven much more difficult to approach th ...
PEGASES: Plasma Propulsion with Electronegative Gases
... To achieve these objectives, a method to put the object in space and then move it, referred to as space propulsion, is needed. Any movement is described by Newton’s laws [3]: • Every body persists in its state of being at rest or of moving uniformly straight forward, except insofar as it is compelle ...
... To achieve these objectives, a method to put the object in space and then move it, referred to as space propulsion, is needed. Any movement is described by Newton’s laws [3]: • Every body persists in its state of being at rest or of moving uniformly straight forward, except insofar as it is compelle ...
THE SCIENCE OF JET
... JET came into operation in 1983, its purpose being to make a substantial step in the search for a means of obtaining power from nuclear fusion. It had been preceded by a world-wide exploration of the subject which began in the late 1940s. However, the story starts a century earlier with the problem ...
... JET came into operation in 1983, its purpose being to make a substantial step in the search for a means of obtaining power from nuclear fusion. It had been preceded by a world-wide exploration of the subject which began in the late 1940s. However, the story starts a century earlier with the problem ...
Focus On: JET The European Centre of Fusion Research Jan Mlynář
... Almost all stars, including our Sun, are powered by nuclear fusion reactions whereby hydrogen is converted into helium. The amount of energy released is unimaginable: only a negligible frac ion falls on Earth and yet it has powered the water cycle, wind and life for billions of years. If we could i ...
... Almost all stars, including our Sun, are powered by nuclear fusion reactions whereby hydrogen is converted into helium. The amount of energy released is unimaginable: only a negligible frac ion falls on Earth and yet it has powered the water cycle, wind and life for billions of years. If we could i ...
Parallel electric fields in the upward current region of the aurora
... satellite missions established that the auroral electron acceleration is a near Earth process, usually less than 8000 km in altitude, the S3-3 apogee.13 Polar observations determined that the majority of auroral acceleration is below 2R E in altitude.26 The results of the Dynamics Explorer mission27 ...
... satellite missions established that the auroral electron acceleration is a near Earth process, usually less than 8000 km in altitude, the S3-3 apogee.13 Polar observations determined that the majority of auroral acceleration is below 2R E in altitude.26 The results of the Dynamics Explorer mission27 ...
Mass-loading, pile-up, and mirror
... et al. (2013, 2014) have predicted distances of ∼ 25 km for the diamagnetic cavity distance under quiet conditions. Such strong outburst conditions have not been modelled yet. In a diamagnetic cavity the outflowing neutral gas and plasma is strong enough to keep the solar wind and its embedded magne ...
... et al. (2013, 2014) have predicted distances of ∼ 25 km for the diamagnetic cavity distance under quiet conditions. Such strong outburst conditions have not been modelled yet. In a diamagnetic cavity the outflowing neutral gas and plasma is strong enough to keep the solar wind and its embedded magne ...
NOYOLA-DISSERTATION
... in our solar system far outnumber planets. In fact, as of the writing of this work, there are at least 146 confirmed moons in our solar system, plus another 27 awaiting official confirmation. 3 Two of these moons, Ganymede (of Jupiter) and Titan (of Saturn), are so large that they are even larger th ...
... in our solar system far outnumber planets. In fact, as of the writing of this work, there are at least 146 confirmed moons in our solar system, plus another 27 awaiting official confirmation. 3 Two of these moons, Ganymede (of Jupiter) and Titan (of Saturn), are so large that they are even larger th ...
UNIFYING THEORY OF LOW-ENERGY NUCLEAR REACTION AND
... be suppressed for the large N case and hence the conventional Gamow factor may be absent. The theory has been used to analyze LENR experiments involving both atomic clusters (Pd black powders [10]) and acoustic cavitations [11]. Recently, the one-specie LENR theory of the BEF mechanism [3-6] used fo ...
... be suppressed for the large N case and hence the conventional Gamow factor may be absent. The theory has been used to analyze LENR experiments involving both atomic clusters (Pd black powders [10]) and acoustic cavitations [11]. Recently, the one-specie LENR theory of the BEF mechanism [3-6] used fo ...
Physics in
... to the campus and to the City Centre Holiday Inn at a charge of $3.00 per person. From the railway and bus stations in downtown London the campus is readily accessible via the #6 Richmond bus route. Delegates travelling by car should note that the campus is on the north side of the city just below t ...
... to the campus and to the City Centre Holiday Inn at a charge of $3.00 per person. From the railway and bus stations in downtown London the campus is readily accessible via the #6 Richmond bus route. Delegates travelling by car should note that the campus is on the north side of the city just below t ...
Studies of an inductively coupled negative hydrogen ion radio
... laboratory, the plasma exists in many forms, which are shown in fig.1.1. In a laboratory plasma, for example: a gas discharge plasma most of the gas molecules are decomposed into neutral atoms and equal number of positive ions and negative electrons. The density of the charged particles should be la ...
... laboratory, the plasma exists in many forms, which are shown in fig.1.1. In a laboratory plasma, for example: a gas discharge plasma most of the gas molecules are decomposed into neutral atoms and equal number of positive ions and negative electrons. The density of the charged particles should be la ...
Influence of externally applied magnetic perturbations on
... planned to be part of the ITER design. However, these actively applied 3D fields have typically also negative side-effects such as density pump out [6, 7, 8, 9] and an increase of fast ion losses [9, 10], but additionally they can act on the plasma stability in an unfavourable way. The applied reson ...
... planned to be part of the ITER design. However, these actively applied 3D fields have typically also negative side-effects such as density pump out [6, 7, 8, 9] and an increase of fast ion losses [9, 10], but additionally they can act on the plasma stability in an unfavourable way. The applied reson ...
Modelling the multifaceted physics of metallic dust and
... by absorbing fluxes of ambient plasma particles. Due to their smaller mass, electrons are typically collected at a higher rate than ions and, if no other sources of electric currents are present, dust eventually reaches a steady state — so-called ‘floating’ — with negative charge and negative potentia ...
... by absorbing fluxes of ambient plasma particles. Due to their smaller mass, electrons are typically collected at a higher rate than ions and, if no other sources of electric currents are present, dust eventually reaches a steady state — so-called ‘floating’ — with negative charge and negative potentia ...
(pdf)
... unique capabilities of the MAPS instrument suite make it possible to define an efficient strategy in which in situ measurements and remote sensing observations complement each other. Saturn’s magnetosphere will be extensively studied from the microphysical to the global scale over the four years of ...
... unique capabilities of the MAPS instrument suite make it possible to define an efficient strategy in which in situ measurements and remote sensing observations complement each other. Saturn’s magnetosphere will be extensively studied from the microphysical to the global scale over the four years of ...
Ionization in atmospheric-pressure Helium plasma
... This master thesis is the result of work developed in both the EM2C (Énergétique Moléculaire et Macroscopique, Combustion) laboratory at École Centrale Paris and the GEDG group of IPFN at Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade de Lisboa. Therefore, it benefits from the competences of both la ...
... This master thesis is the result of work developed in both the EM2C (Énergétique Moléculaire et Macroscopique, Combustion) laboratory at École Centrale Paris and the GEDG group of IPFN at Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade de Lisboa. Therefore, it benefits from the competences of both la ...
Title Neoclassical transport simulations for stellarators Author(s
... calculated temperature profiles for the LHD configuration, the thermal neoclassical transport coefficients are estimated with a neutral network interpolation 共NNW兲 共Ref. 13兲 technique from a database of the monoenergetic coefficients precomputed with the Monte Carlo code DCOM.14,15 The radial electr ...
... calculated temperature profiles for the LHD configuration, the thermal neoclassical transport coefficients are estimated with a neutral network interpolation 共NNW兲 共Ref. 13兲 technique from a database of the monoenergetic coefficients precomputed with the Monte Carlo code DCOM.14,15 The radial electr ...
Plasma (physics)
Plasma (from Greek πλάσμα, ""anything formed"") is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. A plasma has properties unlike those of the other states.A plasma can be created by heating a gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator. This decreases or increases the number of electrons, creating positive or negative charged particles called ions, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present.The presence of a significant number of charge carriers makes plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. Like gas, plasma does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless enclosed in a container. Unlike gas, under the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments, beams and double layers.Plasma is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the Universe (the only matter known to exist for sure, the more abundant dark matter is hypothetical and may or may not be explained by ordinary matter), most of which is in the rarefied intergalactic regions, particularly the intracluster medium, and in stars, including the Sun. A common form of plasmas on Earth is seen in neon signs.Much of the understanding of plasmas has come from the pursuit of controlled nuclear fusion and fusion power, for which plasma physics provides the scientific basis.