electron density and electron neutral collision frequency
... the entire curve while the last figure shows the results for matching only frequencies higher than the upper hybrid frequency. Right panel (b) shows spin modulation observed on the upleg of SAL data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... the entire curve while the last figure shows the results for matching only frequencies higher than the upper hybrid frequency. Right panel (b) shows spin modulation observed on the upleg of SAL data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
high temperature material processes
... (c) The plasma is an ideal gas that can be described by continuum mechanics. (d) Heavy particles and electrons follow Maxwellian velocity distribution functions, with the same temperature for all species (local thermodynamic equilibrium). Hypothesis (d) may be approximate in view of results obtained ...
... (c) The plasma is an ideal gas that can be described by continuum mechanics. (d) Heavy particles and electrons follow Maxwellian velocity distribution functions, with the same temperature for all species (local thermodynamic equilibrium). Hypothesis (d) may be approximate in view of results obtained ...
natural environment near the sun/earth-moon l2
... of the Sun and the Earth-Moon system. In general a spacecraft in an orbit about the Sun whose radius is greater than that of the Earth’s will move at a slower angular rate with respect to the stars than the Earth does, i.e., its period will be longer and it will ’fall behind’ as viewed from the Eart ...
... of the Sun and the Earth-Moon system. In general a spacecraft in an orbit about the Sun whose radius is greater than that of the Earth’s will move at a slower angular rate with respect to the stars than the Earth does, i.e., its period will be longer and it will ’fall behind’ as viewed from the Eart ...
Magnetic Reconnection - Harvard
... SOLAR FLARES and for interaction between the magnetized interplanetary medium and the MAGNETOSPHERE OF EARTH. How does reconnection circumvent the difficulty associated with frozen-in magnetic fields? Resistive dissipation is more effective the more the electric current is localized to regions with ...
... SOLAR FLARES and for interaction between the magnetized interplanetary medium and the MAGNETOSPHERE OF EARTH. How does reconnection circumvent the difficulty associated with frozen-in magnetic fields? Resistive dissipation is more effective the more the electric current is localized to regions with ...
Spectral and Hydrodynamic Modeling of X-Ray Michael Rosenberg
... state population in collisional plasmas arise from electron-ion collisions. More specifically, at high temperatures, collisional ionization will be balanced by dielectronic recombination, wherein the excess energy of an electron falling into a bound excited state excites a second electron within the ...
... state population in collisional plasmas arise from electron-ion collisions. More specifically, at high temperatures, collisional ionization will be balanced by dielectronic recombination, wherein the excess energy of an electron falling into a bound excited state excites a second electron within the ...
as PDF
... energy loss to the lattice. The result is a splitting up of carrier and lattice temperatures (see Fig. 3), and the carriers behave collectively, i.e., according to the equations governing a plasma (but this plasma behavior is not to be confused with the generation of actual plasma shown in Fig. 1(d) ...
... energy loss to the lattice. The result is a splitting up of carrier and lattice temperatures (see Fig. 3), and the carriers behave collectively, i.e., according to the equations governing a plasma (but this plasma behavior is not to be confused with the generation of actual plasma shown in Fig. 1(d) ...
Auroral streamers: characteristics of associated precipitation
... dozen auroral streamers was monitored by Polar UVI instrument in the dark northern nightside ionosphere. On many occasions the DMSP spacecraft crossed the streamer-conjugate regions over the sunlit southern auroral oval, permitting the investigation of the characteristics of ion and electron precipi ...
... dozen auroral streamers was monitored by Polar UVI instrument in the dark northern nightside ionosphere. On many occasions the DMSP spacecraft crossed the streamer-conjugate regions over the sunlit southern auroral oval, permitting the investigation of the characteristics of ion and electron precipi ...
Experimental scaling of fluctuations and confinement with Lundquist
... Deuterium was the working gas ( m i 52). Toroidal plasma current is measured by integrating the signal from a Rogowski coil that encircles the plasma column. Central electron temperature is measured with a single point, single pulse Thomson scattering system. A central interferometer chord provides ...
... Deuterium was the working gas ( m i 52). Toroidal plasma current is measured by integrating the signal from a Rogowski coil that encircles the plasma column. Central electron temperature is measured with a single point, single pulse Thomson scattering system. A central interferometer chord provides ...
Interstellar neutral oxygen in a two-shock
... and Stone, 1990). Observations of both types of ions can potentially bring extremely important constraints on the relative abundances of the heliospheric neutral atoms (Fahr, 1991, Fahr et al, 1995, Frisch, 1995) just after their entrance in the heliosphere. These results can then be compared with L ...
... and Stone, 1990). Observations of both types of ions can potentially bring extremely important constraints on the relative abundances of the heliospheric neutral atoms (Fahr, 1991, Fahr et al, 1995, Frisch, 1995) just after their entrance in the heliosphere. These results can then be compared with L ...
Collisionless magnetic reconnection: analytical model and PIC
... 1983; Hassam, 1984), which causes a Petschek-like configuration due to the generation of dispersive waves (Mandt et al., 1994; Rogers et al., 2001) and does not require anomalous resistivity. It turns out that the contribution of the Hall effect appears close to the X-line, at length scales in order ...
... 1983; Hassam, 1984), which causes a Petschek-like configuration due to the generation of dispersive waves (Mandt et al., 1994; Rogers et al., 2001) and does not require anomalous resistivity. It turns out that the contribution of the Hall effect appears close to the X-line, at length scales in order ...
Energetic particle injection events in the Kronian magnetosphere
... thesis concentrates on electron measurements of the Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument (MIMI) onboard the Cassini spacecraft. The azimuthal plasma velocity as well as the injections of charged particles will be characterized. Due to the magnetic drifts, the injected particles at various energies begi ...
... thesis concentrates on electron measurements of the Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument (MIMI) onboard the Cassini spacecraft. The azimuthal plasma velocity as well as the injections of charged particles will be characterized. Due to the magnetic drifts, the injected particles at various energies begi ...
satellite observations of auroral acceleration processes
... be studied. This seems to be very obvious but is sometimes neglected. Studies of the coupling between the magnetosphere and the solar wind during low magnetic activity, in the auroral oval, have recently given interesting results on auroral phenomena in the region poleward of the oval, the region no ...
... be studied. This seems to be very obvious but is sometimes neglected. Studies of the coupling between the magnetosphere and the solar wind during low magnetic activity, in the auroral oval, have recently given interesting results on auroral phenomena in the region poleward of the oval, the region no ...
Atmospheric Electrification in Dusty, Reactive Gases in the Solar
... extrasolar planetary objects also in view of upcoming space missions like CHEOPS5, PLATO6 and JWST7. Plasma and discharge experiments are essential in providing a controlled environment in contrast to observation of atmospheric phenomena. Such experiments can involve the three different mass compone ...
... extrasolar planetary objects also in view of upcoming space missions like CHEOPS5, PLATO6 and JWST7. Plasma and discharge experiments are essential in providing a controlled environment in contrast to observation of atmospheric phenomena. Such experiments can involve the three different mass compone ...
heat transfer from thermal plasmas to neighboring walls
... given plasma. For the temperature range which is of diffusion ratio. The mass flux 1D2 of component 2 is by interest in this review, the radiation intensity increases strongly with temperature and also with pressure. For extremely high pressures (>100 atm) the radiation intensity approaches that of ...
... given plasma. For the temperature range which is of diffusion ratio. The mass flux 1D2 of component 2 is by interest in this review, the radiation intensity increases strongly with temperature and also with pressure. For extremely high pressures (>100 atm) the radiation intensity approaches that of ...
Mass Identified Mobility Spectra of p
... accomplished using data from studies of associative and dissociative electron capture for the gas chromatographic electron capture detector and mobility considerations of the observed ions. The negative mobility spectra appear to be primarily the ions of M-, (M - H)-, along with simple dissociated f ...
... accomplished using data from studies of associative and dissociative electron capture for the gas chromatographic electron capture detector and mobility considerations of the observed ions. The negative mobility spectra appear to be primarily the ions of M-, (M - H)-, along with simple dissociated f ...
The physics of fusion power
... This velocity is around 106 m/s for a Deuterium nuclei, and 6 · 107 m/s for an electron. If the reactor would have a typical size of 10 m, all the material would be lost to the wall in 10 micro-seconds. This of course demands a special scheme of operation in which one either tries to prevent the rap ...
... This velocity is around 106 m/s for a Deuterium nuclei, and 6 · 107 m/s for an electron. If the reactor would have a typical size of 10 m, all the material would be lost to the wall in 10 micro-seconds. This of course demands a special scheme of operation in which one either tries to prevent the rap ...
Introduction to Plasma Physics
... and has expanded to several directions. A few main branches are briefly discussed below. Space Plasma Physics. The space age began with the launch of Sputnik in 1957. The US satellite Explorer 1 was launched a year later and its sole scientific instrument, a Geiger counter by James Van Allen, discov ...
... and has expanded to several directions. A few main branches are briefly discussed below. Space Plasma Physics. The space age began with the launch of Sputnik in 1957. The US satellite Explorer 1 was launched a year later and its sole scientific instrument, a Geiger counter by James Van Allen, discov ...
The structure of Io`s thermal corona and implications for atmospheric
... 1985) indicate that atomic oxygen is most likely to be the dominant constituent at high altitudes. It is also suggested by these photochemical models of the dayside atmosphere and ionosphere that high thermospheric temperatures are necessary for producing the observed large dayside ionospheric scale ...
... 1985) indicate that atomic oxygen is most likely to be the dominant constituent at high altitudes. It is also suggested by these photochemical models of the dayside atmosphere and ionosphere that high thermospheric temperatures are necessary for producing the observed large dayside ionospheric scale ...
Nanocrystalline Alumina-Zirconia Thin Films Grown by Magnetron Sputtering David Huy Trinh
... achieved by techniques that operate far from equilibrium, such as vapour techniques [6]. For the alumina-zirconia system, this is particularly the case as both pure oxide systems contain a multitude of metastable phases that can be beneficial in various applications [7,8] and which have properties t ...
... achieved by techniques that operate far from equilibrium, such as vapour techniques [6]. For the alumina-zirconia system, this is particularly the case as both pure oxide systems contain a multitude of metastable phases that can be beneficial in various applications [7,8] and which have properties t ...
The Thermal Ion Dynamics Experiment and Plasma
... The origins of this spacecraft potential are complex, but the fundamental principle is that the net current to the spacecraft surface has to be zero in steady state. The currents flowing between the spacecraft and the p l a s m a are all functions of this potential, and the potential adjusts self-co ...
... The origins of this spacecraft potential are complex, but the fundamental principle is that the net current to the spacecraft surface has to be zero in steady state. The currents flowing between the spacecraft and the p l a s m a are all functions of this potential, and the potential adjusts self-co ...
The Equatorial Spread F/Plasma Bubble Irregularities (ESF) M. A.
... illustrates how the scintillation is produced. The Scintillation can cause disruptions of operational systems, such as loss of lock of the GPS signals as shown in Fig 8. Fig 9 (animation) illustrates the GPS position error due to scintillation. 5- ESF Seasonal and longitudinal dependence Observation ...
... illustrates how the scintillation is produced. The Scintillation can cause disruptions of operational systems, such as loss of lock of the GPS signals as shown in Fig 8. Fig 9 (animation) illustrates the GPS position error due to scintillation. 5- ESF Seasonal and longitudinal dependence Observation ...
Quiet-time mid-latitude trough: influence of convection, field
... in previous studies and which we discuss in Sect. 4.2. The recent simulations were valid for relatively narrow structures, but if the ionosphere “runs out” of charge carriers the structure of the F -region trough is likely to be affected. Because the F -region plasma is long-lived, it is very diffic ...
... in previous studies and which we discuss in Sect. 4.2. The recent simulations were valid for relatively narrow structures, but if the ionosphere “runs out” of charge carriers the structure of the F -region trough is likely to be affected. Because the F -region plasma is long-lived, it is very diffic ...
(Preprint) AAS 09-240 EXPLORATION OF THE JUPITER PLASMA
... a structure which exhibits unique features in the whole Solar System; it acts as an outstanding place where to study the interaction between a moon and a plasmasphere. Because of its volcanic activity, Io acts as a source of neutral material that is then ionized and taken to the state of a cold plas ...
... a structure which exhibits unique features in the whole Solar System; it acts as an outstanding place where to study the interaction between a moon and a plasmasphere. Because of its volcanic activity, Io acts as a source of neutral material that is then ionized and taken to the state of a cold plas ...
Mutual shielding of closely spaced dust particles
... reduced due to mutual shielding. The charge Q (in units of 1.6~ lo-l9 coulomb) and potential Q, on the dust particles are shown in Fig. 2 as a function of separation distance. Both particles have a diameter of 1 pm and height of 0.9 pm. The charge and potential on a dust particle are determined by t ...
... reduced due to mutual shielding. The charge Q (in units of 1.6~ lo-l9 coulomb) and potential Q, on the dust particles are shown in Fig. 2 as a function of separation distance. Both particles have a diameter of 1 pm and height of 0.9 pm. The charge and potential on a dust particle are determined by t ...
full-wave vlf modes in a cylindrically symmetric enhancement of
... in the duct wall. There is, however, a complication in that another wave exists for which the associated root q2 is near to k( Y - l), so that As2is approximately given by k2 Y( Y - 2). For Y > 2, A, may be real everywhere, and so the wave, the escaping wave, may carry energy away from the duct. Now ...
... in the duct wall. There is, however, a complication in that another wave exists for which the associated root q2 is near to k( Y - l), so that As2is approximately given by k2 Y( Y - 2). For Y > 2, A, may be real everywhere, and so the wave, the escaping wave, may carry energy away from the duct. Now ...
Plasma (physics)
Plasma (from Greek πλάσμα, ""anything formed"") is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. A plasma has properties unlike those of the other states.A plasma can be created by heating a gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator. This decreases or increases the number of electrons, creating positive or negative charged particles called ions, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present.The presence of a significant number of charge carriers makes plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. Like gas, plasma does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless enclosed in a container. Unlike gas, under the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments, beams and double layers.Plasma is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the Universe (the only matter known to exist for sure, the more abundant dark matter is hypothetical and may or may not be explained by ordinary matter), most of which is in the rarefied intergalactic regions, particularly the intracluster medium, and in stars, including the Sun. A common form of plasmas on Earth is seen in neon signs.Much of the understanding of plasmas has come from the pursuit of controlled nuclear fusion and fusion power, for which plasma physics provides the scientific basis.