On convected wave structures and spectral transfer in space
... I Introduction in the ecliptic (Parker, 1958). Close to the corona, its direction is rather radial, while the angle between outflow direction and interplanetary magnetic field increases with distance from Sun. The first ideas about a more or less steady corpuscular outflow from the Sun were confirm ...
... I Introduction in the ecliptic (Parker, 1958). Close to the corona, its direction is rather radial, while the angle between outflow direction and interplanetary magnetic field increases with distance from Sun. The first ideas about a more or less steady corpuscular outflow from the Sun were confirm ...
Fusion energy : burning questions
... Nuclear fusion is the process in which two atomic nuclei are joined together to form a heavier one, thereby releasing a large amount of energy. It is the energy source of all stars in our universe. Its application as an energy source on earth would have several appealing properties like a virtually ...
... Nuclear fusion is the process in which two atomic nuclei are joined together to form a heavier one, thereby releasing a large amount of energy. It is the energy source of all stars in our universe. Its application as an energy source on earth would have several appealing properties like a virtually ...
Etching - Virginia Tech
... There are two reasons: – Very reactive ion species are created in the plasma that give rise to very active etching – Plasma etching can be very anisotropic (because the electric field directs the ions) An early application of plasma etching (1970s) was to etch Si3N4 (it etches very slowly in HF and ...
... There are two reasons: – Very reactive ion species are created in the plasma that give rise to very active etching – Plasma etching can be very anisotropic (because the electric field directs the ions) An early application of plasma etching (1970s) was to etch Si3N4 (it etches very slowly in HF and ...
Collisionless driven reconnection in an open system Ritoku Horiuchi , Wenbing Pei
... region. Which situation is realized in collisionless reconnection? It is believed that steady reconnection is realized when the flux input rate into the system is balanced with the reconnection rate. However, this balance condition is not always assured because magnetic reconnection is controlled by ...
... region. Which situation is realized in collisionless reconnection? It is believed that steady reconnection is realized when the flux input rate into the system is balanced with the reconnection rate. However, this balance condition is not always assured because magnetic reconnection is controlled by ...
studies of electron cyclotron resonance ion source plasma physics
... behavior when exposed to external electromagnetic fields. It is of note that plasma also exhibits collective behavior via long range Coulomb interaction. There is no well-defined phase transition point from the gaseous state to plasma that consists of electrons, ions and neutral atoms or molecules. ...
... behavior when exposed to external electromagnetic fields. It is of note that plasma also exhibits collective behavior via long range Coulomb interaction. There is no well-defined phase transition point from the gaseous state to plasma that consists of electrons, ions and neutral atoms or molecules. ...
Nuclear Fusion - an ideal energy source
... of matter: solid, liquid, gas and plasma. Under ordinary terrestrial conditions, the plasma state is rare, but in the universe, plasma is the dominate (99%) state of all matter. Matters on the Sun, the stars, solar wind, cosmic dust, and white dwarfs are all in the plasma state. Closer to home, fire ...
... of matter: solid, liquid, gas and plasma. Under ordinary terrestrial conditions, the plasma state is rare, but in the universe, plasma is the dominate (99%) state of all matter. Matters on the Sun, the stars, solar wind, cosmic dust, and white dwarfs are all in the plasma state. Closer to home, fire ...
Polarimeter for an Accelerated Spheromak Patrick Jean-Franc ¸ois Carle
... the placement of the polarimeter near the measurement chord, which is helpful to reduce the collinearity requirements of the beams passing through the plasma but also presents challenges in terms of electrical noise due to proximity to the pulse power banks. Chapters 6-7 analyse simulated and experi ...
... the placement of the polarimeter near the measurement chord, which is helpful to reduce the collinearity requirements of the beams passing through the plasma but also presents challenges in terms of electrical noise due to proximity to the pulse power banks. Chapters 6-7 analyse simulated and experi ...
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF James
... The feasibility of using such a technique for steady state current ...
... The feasibility of using such a technique for steady state current ...
The temperature of the solar atmosphere increases by a factor of
... the required amounts. We focus on properties of the chromosphere as a partially ionized ...
... the required amounts. We focus on properties of the chromosphere as a partially ionized ...
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ
... order to design high performance superconducting ECR ion sources operating at high RF power levels the heat load from bremsstrahlung emission to the plasma chamber walls needs to be taken into account. Both theoretical and experimental approaches are needed to understand the electron energy distrib ...
... order to design high performance superconducting ECR ion sources operating at high RF power levels the heat load from bremsstrahlung emission to the plasma chamber walls needs to be taken into account. Both theoretical and experimental approaches are needed to understand the electron energy distrib ...
Particle-in-Cell Algorithms for Plasma Simulations on Heterogeneous Architectures Xavier Sáez Pous
... power consumption. The single-core processor improvement has led many scientists to exploit mainly the process level parallelism in their codes. However, the performance of HPC systems is becoming increasingly limited by power consumption and power density, which have become a primary concern for th ...
... power consumption. The single-core processor improvement has led many scientists to exploit mainly the process level parallelism in their codes. However, the performance of HPC systems is becoming increasingly limited by power consumption and power density, which have become a primary concern for th ...
In-Flight Instrument Calibration and Performance Verification
... faces the Sun. Proper analyzer design must include serrating (or scalloping) the outer analyzer surface and blackening both surfaces. Scalloping the outer plate was found to reduce scattered UV by an order of magnitude in a gold-blackened, top-hat analyzer designed to require a photon to make two re ...
... faces the Sun. Proper analyzer design must include serrating (or scalloping) the outer analyzer surface and blackening both surfaces. Scalloping the outer plate was found to reduce scattered UV by an order of magnitude in a gold-blackened, top-hat analyzer designed to require a photon to make two re ...
Module 7 Wet and Dry Etching Class Notes
... by purely physical methods, such as sputtering and ion beam-induced etching, or with a combination of both chemical reaction and physical bombardment; an example of the latter would be reactive ion etching. 2.3.1. Plasma Plasma is a partially ionized gas that is composed of equal numbers of positive ...
... by purely physical methods, such as sputtering and ion beam-induced etching, or with a combination of both chemical reaction and physical bombardment; an example of the latter would be reactive ion etching. 2.3.1. Plasma Plasma is a partially ionized gas that is composed of equal numbers of positive ...
Effects of large horizontal winds on the equatorial electrojet
... Hysell et al.: EFFECTS OF WINDS ON EQUATORIAL ELECTROJET troduced by Farley [1959, 1960] who studied the efficiency of transmission of transverse electric fields over long distances along magnetic field lines. Potential structures in the ionosphere are inherently isotropic due to the large ratio of ...
... Hysell et al.: EFFECTS OF WINDS ON EQUATORIAL ELECTROJET troduced by Farley [1959, 1960] who studied the efficiency of transmission of transverse electric fields over long distances along magnetic field lines. Potential structures in the ionosphere are inherently isotropic due to the large ratio of ...
elmeco-7 - dLibra Digital Library
... discharge plasma which can be generated to open air space[1-3]. GA forms "plane plasma" in the two dimensional space between electrodes. GA generated using the direct current and the exchange power supply were applied to decomposition of the quality of an air pollutant. Recently, the method which us ...
... discharge plasma which can be generated to open air space[1-3]. GA forms "plane plasma" in the two dimensional space between electrodes. GA generated using the direct current and the exchange power supply were applied to decomposition of the quality of an air pollutant. Recently, the method which us ...
CO2 Dissociation using the Versatile Atmospheric Dielectric Barrier
... chemistry unavailable to traditional heating methods at large scales. The ability of nonthermal plasmas to excite these chemistries has created interest in using them for CCU. Some of the plasma systems previously tested are dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) [15–21], microwave plasmas [22, 23], r ...
... chemistry unavailable to traditional heating methods at large scales. The ability of nonthermal plasmas to excite these chemistries has created interest in using them for CCU. Some of the plasma systems previously tested are dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) [15–21], microwave plasmas [22, 23], r ...
Atoms, Molecules and Clusters in Intense Laser Fields
... of intramolecular structure on strong field processes. Also investigated is the evolution of van der Waals atomic clusters when subject to intense laser pulses in the VUV regime. Here processes such as photoionization, inverse bremsstrahlung heating, and collisional ionization and recombination are ...
... of intramolecular structure on strong field processes. Also investigated is the evolution of van der Waals atomic clusters when subject to intense laser pulses in the VUV regime. Here processes such as photoionization, inverse bremsstrahlung heating, and collisional ionization and recombination are ...
Parametric Decay and Anomalous Scattering from
... remain to be solved in order for a power plant based on inertial confinement fusion to be feasible. These problems are mainly related to the inherently pulsed nature of the inertial confinement scheme, i.e., the need to compress a significant number of pellets per second in order to have a steady p ...
... remain to be solved in order for a power plant based on inertial confinement fusion to be feasible. These problems are mainly related to the inherently pulsed nature of the inertial confinement scheme, i.e., the need to compress a significant number of pellets per second in order to have a steady p ...
Waves In Pair Plasma and Mechanism Of Radio Emission In Pulsars
... There have been suggested different models for the inner structure of the neutron stars. Most of them are based on the solution of the Tallman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation that describes hydrostatic equilibrium of spherically symmetric cold star [see Oppenheimer and Volkoff (1939)]. More realistic m ...
... There have been suggested different models for the inner structure of the neutron stars. Most of them are based on the solution of the Tallman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation that describes hydrostatic equilibrium of spherically symmetric cold star [see Oppenheimer and Volkoff (1939)]. More realistic m ...
Optical emission spectrometry with microwave induced plasmas in
... the wafer. The performance with SnCl2 as reducing agent is better than when using NaBH4. Indeed the limit of detection found for an MSP sustained inside the wafer for the case of Hg is 12 times lower when using SnCl2. Due to its low amount of by-products, the electrochemical hydride generation with ...
... the wafer. The performance with SnCl2 as reducing agent is better than when using NaBH4. Indeed the limit of detection found for an MSP sustained inside the wafer for the case of Hg is 12 times lower when using SnCl2. Due to its low amount of by-products, the electrochemical hydride generation with ...
File
... material is, the lower is the wear propagation and has consequently higheredge-holding properies. The hardness of a blade can be increased by applying a thin hard-coating (e.g. by PVD) like TiN or CrN on the blade’s surface of the finished steel blade. However, this approach reduces automatically th ...
... material is, the lower is the wear propagation and has consequently higheredge-holding properies. The hardness of a blade can be increased by applying a thin hard-coating (e.g. by PVD) like TiN or CrN on the blade’s surface of the finished steel blade. However, this approach reduces automatically th ...
Kinematic reconnection at a magnetic null point: fan
... field lines can still be followed, so long as no closed field lines exist within D, since we know that in the ideal region on either side of D they must remain attached to the same plasma elements for all time. So, by following the motion of field lines, anchored in the ideal region, we can define t ...
... field lines can still be followed, so long as no closed field lines exist within D, since we know that in the ideal region on either side of D they must remain attached to the same plasma elements for all time. So, by following the motion of field lines, anchored in the ideal region, we can define t ...
Basic Research on the Characteristics of a Constricted Pulsed Glow
... Plasma, the forth state of matter, can be simply described as a fluid that contains free electrons, ions and neutral atoms [1]. It is created through the process of ionization [2]. Although, all gases have a certain degree of ionization [3] and thus contain the constituents listed above. To be consi ...
... Plasma, the forth state of matter, can be simply described as a fluid that contains free electrons, ions and neutral atoms [1]. It is created through the process of ionization [2]. Although, all gases have a certain degree of ionization [3] and thus contain the constituents listed above. To be consi ...
Plasma (physics)
Plasma (from Greek πλάσμα, ""anything formed"") is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. A plasma has properties unlike those of the other states.A plasma can be created by heating a gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator. This decreases or increases the number of electrons, creating positive or negative charged particles called ions, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present.The presence of a significant number of charge carriers makes plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. Like gas, plasma does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless enclosed in a container. Unlike gas, under the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments, beams and double layers.Plasma is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the Universe (the only matter known to exist for sure, the more abundant dark matter is hypothetical and may or may not be explained by ordinary matter), most of which is in the rarefied intergalactic regions, particularly the intracluster medium, and in stars, including the Sun. A common form of plasmas on Earth is seen in neon signs.Much of the understanding of plasmas has come from the pursuit of controlled nuclear fusion and fusion power, for which plasma physics provides the scientific basis.