Titan at the edge: 1. Titan`s interaction with Saturn`s
... magnetopause distance is due changes within Saturn’s magnetosphere rather than changes in solar wind pressure. [6] Cassini observations of the morphology of Saturn’s magnetosphere during its prime mission can be used to describe Titan’s environment in Saturn’s dayside magnetosphere. During the prime ...
... magnetopause distance is due changes within Saturn’s magnetosphere rather than changes in solar wind pressure. [6] Cassini observations of the morphology of Saturn’s magnetosphere during its prime mission can be used to describe Titan’s environment in Saturn’s dayside magnetosphere. During the prime ...
nuclear fusion nucleaire nuclear ATOMIC AND PLASMA
... come in contact with the plasma. The latter category is particularly extensive: it includes properties which influence plasma behaviour as well as those which relate to the functionality and lifetime of the material and the associated components. In all cases, availability of the materials, their fa ...
... come in contact with the plasma. The latter category is particularly extensive: it includes properties which influence plasma behaviour as well as those which relate to the functionality and lifetime of the material and the associated components. In all cases, availability of the materials, their fa ...
Parameterized Study of the Ionospheric Modification Associated with
... orientate the model arc on the noon-midnight median passing through the magnetic pole. The relevant variable parameters of the arc are: the width in the dawn-dusk direction; the distribution of the electric potential; the characteristic energy (keV); and energy flux (ergs cm- 2 s-l) of the particle ...
... orientate the model arc on the noon-midnight median passing through the magnetic pole. The relevant variable parameters of the arc are: the width in the dawn-dusk direction; the distribution of the electric potential; the characteristic energy (keV); and energy flux (ergs cm- 2 s-l) of the particle ...
Here
... The reports are devoted to the modern investigations in the field of extreme states of matter, including reviews of results obtained during the last 30 years since the 1st All-Union meeting on the problem of equation of state (Cheget, October 1978). The following questions are covered: models and th ...
... The reports are devoted to the modern investigations in the field of extreme states of matter, including reviews of results obtained during the last 30 years since the 1st All-Union meeting on the problem of equation of state (Cheget, October 1978). The following questions are covered: models and th ...
PDF file - Nonequilibrium Gas and Plasma Dynamics Laboratory
... supporting the ideas I brought to him, pointing me in the right direction when I went astray, and directing me towards any new opportunities whenever they arose. His presence has played a significant role in making my five years in graduate school some of the best of my life. I would also like to th ...
... supporting the ideas I brought to him, pointing me in the right direction when I went astray, and directing me towards any new opportunities whenever they arose. His presence has played a significant role in making my five years in graduate school some of the best of my life. I would also like to th ...
Sub-keV ring current ions as the tracer of substorm injection
... not, the most strict way is to limit the database to traversals that cover the entire region where the wedge-like structure can be seen. However, not too many traversals satisfy this condition. Therefore, we use all Viking traversals that cover at least latitudes >67 ILat, with at least 4 deg in wid ...
... not, the most strict way is to limit the database to traversals that cover the entire region where the wedge-like structure can be seen. However, not too many traversals satisfy this condition. Therefore, we use all Viking traversals that cover at least latitudes >67 ILat, with at least 4 deg in wid ...
T - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
... In these conditions of magnetic confinement, the reached densities are situated in the range 1019-1021 m-3 [04]. The other side, we have the Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) that, historically, has been the main application of laser-produced plasma and the main motivation for research in the field ...
... In these conditions of magnetic confinement, the reached densities are situated in the range 1019-1021 m-3 [04]. The other side, we have the Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) that, historically, has been the main application of laser-produced plasma and the main motivation for research in the field ...
Study of Flux Transfer Events Observed at the Earth`s
... Most of the known matter in the universe is in ionized state (the so-called plasma), and plasma in nature, such as the Sun, interstellar gas clouds and the Earth’s magnetosphere exhibit different dynamical phenomena arising from the effects of electric and magnetic forces. In the Earth’s vicinity mo ...
... Most of the known matter in the universe is in ionized state (the so-called plasma), and plasma in nature, such as the Sun, interstellar gas clouds and the Earth’s magnetosphere exhibit different dynamical phenomena arising from the effects of electric and magnetic forces. In the Earth’s vicinity mo ...
kinetic theory of instability-enhanced collective interactions in plasma
... plasmas is developed and applied to two unsolved problems in low-temperature plasma physics: Langmuir’s paradox and determining the Bohm criterion for multiple-ion-species plasmas. The basic theory can be considered an extension of the Lenard-Balescu equation to include the effects of wave-particle ...
... plasmas is developed and applied to two unsolved problems in low-temperature plasma physics: Langmuir’s paradox and determining the Bohm criterion for multiple-ion-species plasmas. The basic theory can be considered an extension of the Lenard-Balescu equation to include the effects of wave-particle ...
Multi-Spacecraft Analysis Methods Revisited
... plasma flow is magnetic field aligned, and describes the utility of such systems, including the identification of discontinuities via the Walén-relation test. It is an extension of Chapter 9 of ISSI SR-001. • Chapter 8 (Plasma Kinetics) describes the analysis of plasma kinetics, particularly the de ...
... plasma flow is magnetic field aligned, and describes the utility of such systems, including the identification of discontinuities via the Walén-relation test. It is an extension of Chapter 9 of ISSI SR-001. • Chapter 8 (Plasma Kinetics) describes the analysis of plasma kinetics, particularly the de ...
Turbulent and neoclassical toroidal momentum transport in tokamak
... it numerically with the gyrokinetic code GYSELA. Secondly, we show how electrostatic turbulence can break the axisymmetry and generate toroidal rotation, while a strong link between turbulent heat and momentum transport is identified, as both exhibit the same large-scale avalanche-like events. The d ...
... it numerically with the gyrokinetic code GYSELA. Secondly, we show how electrostatic turbulence can break the axisymmetry and generate toroidal rotation, while a strong link between turbulent heat and momentum transport is identified, as both exhibit the same large-scale avalanche-like events. The d ...
The Influence of Droplets with Net Charge in Atomic Spectroscopy
... The effect of a DC potential applied to the mesh on the lateral emission contours for CaIi (393.4 nm) in an ICP The effect of a DC potential applied to the mesh on the lateral emission contours for CaII (393-4nm) in an ICP The effect of a DC potential applied to the mesh on the laterd emission conto ...
... The effect of a DC potential applied to the mesh on the lateral emission contours for CaIi (393.4 nm) in an ICP The effect of a DC potential applied to the mesh on the lateral emission contours for CaII (393-4nm) in an ICP The effect of a DC potential applied to the mesh on the laterd emission conto ...
ABSTRACT PARAMETRIC LIMITATIONS ON DISCHARGE PERFORMANCE IN THE MARYLAND CENTRIFUGAL EXPERIMENT
... attainable voltage across the plasma. This has been interpreted as a velocity limitation due to the direct relationship between plasma voltage and rotation velocity (vφ = Vp /aB). An examination of a discharge struck in a background helium environment, as opposed to the standard hydrogen backfill, h ...
... attainable voltage across the plasma. This has been interpreted as a velocity limitation due to the direct relationship between plasma voltage and rotation velocity (vφ = Vp /aB). An examination of a discharge struck in a background helium environment, as opposed to the standard hydrogen backfill, h ...
low temperature plasma etching control through ion energy angular
... Fig. 1.3. Illustration of wet etching limitation and anisotropic dry etching. ................................ 20 Fig. 1.4. Plasma rf sources: a) Capacitively Coupled Plasma and b) Inductively Coupled Plasma with cylinder coil antenna. ................................................................ ...
... Fig. 1.3. Illustration of wet etching limitation and anisotropic dry etching. ................................ 20 Fig. 1.4. Plasma rf sources: a) Capacitively Coupled Plasma and b) Inductively Coupled Plasma with cylinder coil antenna. ................................................................ ...
Electric Current Circuits in Astrophysics
... expressed by the Lorentz force. Finally, their equivalent mass is small when compared to the mass-energy of ambient matter. These basic properties lead to a common appearance in a variety of objects which can be understood as follows. Since there are no magnetic charges, magnetic fields are not neut ...
... expressed by the Lorentz force. Finally, their equivalent mass is small when compared to the mass-energy of ambient matter. These basic properties lead to a common appearance in a variety of objects which can be understood as follows. Since there are no magnetic charges, magnetic fields are not neut ...
Probing photo-ionization: simulations of positive streamers in
... the experiments [14] was kept below 1 ppm with much effort (carefully designed vacuum vessel, no plastic parts except for the o-ring seals, baking to reduce outgassing); and relative impurity concentrations of 10−4 or higher are much more frequent. In both cases, these impurities include, among othe ...
... the experiments [14] was kept below 1 ppm with much effort (carefully designed vacuum vessel, no plastic parts except for the o-ring seals, baking to reduce outgassing); and relative impurity concentrations of 10−4 or higher are much more frequent. In both cases, these impurities include, among othe ...
Ultrashort and Ultraintense Electromagnetic Pulses - Heinrich
... invention of the CPA technique by Strickland and Mourou [1]. The principle of this technique is not hard to explain. We start with an extremely short, but low energy light pulse, as it can for example be generated by a Ti:Sa-laser, making use of mode-locking. The possibility of amplifying these puls ...
... invention of the CPA technique by Strickland and Mourou [1]. The principle of this technique is not hard to explain. We start with an extremely short, but low energy light pulse, as it can for example be generated by a Ti:Sa-laser, making use of mode-locking. The possibility of amplifying these puls ...
Electron Temperature Structures Associated With Magnetic Tearing
... I have been fortunate enough to work with three amazing undergraduate students Becky Shapiro, Adam Beardsley and Cale Kasten who have put in many long hours running calibrations, labeling cables, taking and sifting through data, and generally keeping things organized. I have also been fortunate enou ...
... I have been fortunate enough to work with three amazing undergraduate students Becky Shapiro, Adam Beardsley and Cale Kasten who have put in many long hours running calibrations, labeling cables, taking and sifting through data, and generally keeping things organized. I have also been fortunate enou ...
Working Note on the Origin of Radar Doppler Shifts
... results created some controversy within the field of meteor physics because previous data, including spacecraft impact cratering studies and optical and specular meteor data, indicated that the peak of the velocity distribution should be <20 km/s. There was therefore a question of whether HPLA radar ...
... results created some controversy within the field of meteor physics because previous data, including spacecraft impact cratering studies and optical and specular meteor data, indicated that the peak of the velocity distribution should be <20 km/s. There was therefore a question of whether HPLA radar ...
Chapter 3 Etching
... from the atom/molecule, which gives a net of two electrons and one ion. Depending on the energy of the incoming electron, this collision can result also in other species, such as negative ions due to electron association, excited molecules, neutral atom and ion. The light emitted by the plasma is du ...
... from the atom/molecule, which gives a net of two electrons and one ion. Depending on the energy of the incoming electron, this collision can result also in other species, such as negative ions due to electron association, excited molecules, neutral atom and ion. The light emitted by the plasma is du ...
Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology
... and the possibility to grow metastable phases. Conventional dc magnetron sputtering processes suffer from fundamental problems such as low target utilization, target poisoning and low ion flux in the substrate vicinity [4], giving a porous film microstructure and poor substrate-coating adhesion. It ...
... and the possibility to grow metastable phases. Conventional dc magnetron sputtering processes suffer from fundamental problems such as low target utilization, target poisoning and low ion flux in the substrate vicinity [4], giving a porous film microstructure and poor substrate-coating adhesion. It ...
momentum-space dynamics of runaway electrons
... our everyday experience. One of these is the generation of so-called runaway electrons (or simply runaways) – electrons that under certain conditions are continuously accelerated by electric fields [1, 2]. The dynamics of the process is such that the runaways quickly reach relativistic energies; the ...
... our everyday experience. One of these is the generation of so-called runaway electrons (or simply runaways) – electrons that under certain conditions are continuously accelerated by electric fields [1, 2]. The dynamics of the process is such that the runaways quickly reach relativistic energies; the ...
Imaging thermal ion mass and velocity analyzer
... cloud is tracked using ground triangulation (Wescott et al., 1969); and cylindrical electrostatic analysis, in which (as illustrated in Fig. 1 below) a cylindrical electrostatic analyzer is used to measure the differential ion energy-percharge spectrum of the observed ions (Green and Whalen, 1974). ...
... cloud is tracked using ground triangulation (Wescott et al., 1969); and cylindrical electrostatic analysis, in which (as illustrated in Fig. 1 below) a cylindrical electrostatic analyzer is used to measure the differential ion energy-percharge spectrum of the observed ions (Green and Whalen, 1974). ...
Plasma (physics)
Plasma (from Greek πλάσμα, ""anything formed"") is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. A plasma has properties unlike those of the other states.A plasma can be created by heating a gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator. This decreases or increases the number of electrons, creating positive or negative charged particles called ions, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present.The presence of a significant number of charge carriers makes plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. Like gas, plasma does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless enclosed in a container. Unlike gas, under the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments, beams and double layers.Plasma is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the Universe (the only matter known to exist for sure, the more abundant dark matter is hypothetical and may or may not be explained by ordinary matter), most of which is in the rarefied intergalactic regions, particularly the intracluster medium, and in stars, including the Sun. A common form of plasmas on Earth is seen in neon signs.Much of the understanding of plasmas has come from the pursuit of controlled nuclear fusion and fusion power, for which plasma physics provides the scientific basis.