- Repository of the Academy`s Library
... ities of MHD wave dynamics in the corona and magnetosphere can bring breakthrough results to both research branches, and is of unequivocal importance for MHD wave studies in other astrophysical, geophysical, space and laboratory plasma systems. The aim of this review is to initiate the mutually bene ...
... ities of MHD wave dynamics in the corona and magnetosphere can bring breakthrough results to both research branches, and is of unequivocal importance for MHD wave studies in other astrophysical, geophysical, space and laboratory plasma systems. The aim of this review is to initiate the mutually bene ...
A modeling study of ionospheric F2
... geomagnetic storms of 6–8 February 1986, 20–21 January 1989, 20–23 October 1989, and 25–27 August 1987 (Oliver et al., 1988; Reddy et al., 1990; Oliver et al., 1991; Pavlov et al., 2004b). The changes in F-layer electron density observed by the MU radar in the 6–8 February 1986 storm were explained ...
... geomagnetic storms of 6–8 February 1986, 20–21 January 1989, 20–23 October 1989, and 25–27 August 1987 (Oliver et al., 1988; Reddy et al., 1990; Oliver et al., 1991; Pavlov et al., 2004b). The changes in F-layer electron density observed by the MU radar in the 6–8 February 1986 storm were explained ...
Matter under extreme conditions experiments at the Linac
... electrons that propagate along filaments and lead to energetic particle beams [9]. Extremely high magnetic fields surround the filaments and affect energy transport and ionization. The target interior is also an intense source of positrons and high-energy photons, x- and γ-rays. LCLS will allow us t ...
... electrons that propagate along filaments and lead to energetic particle beams [9]. Extremely high magnetic fields surround the filaments and affect energy transport and ionization. The target interior is also an intense source of positrons and high-energy photons, x- and γ-rays. LCLS will allow us t ...
Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 309 (2006)
... For laser fusion systems, the beam is “cleaned” with spatial filters every time B reaches 3. For high-field experiments in which the spatial and temporal beam quality requirements are more stringent, B must be kept below 0.3 corresponding to a wave-front distortion of / 20. C. The CPA concept ...
... For laser fusion systems, the beam is “cleaned” with spatial filters every time B reaches 3. For high-field experiments in which the spatial and temporal beam quality requirements are more stringent, B must be kept below 0.3 corresponding to a wave-front distortion of / 20. C. The CPA concept ...
High-resolution meteor exploration with tristatic radar
... meteoroid loses energy after entering a planetary atmosphere. The meteoroid mass loss processes are collectively referred to as ablation. Mass is lost through thermal processes like vaporization and fusion of molten material, but also via fragmentation as well as sputtering of single atoms knocked o ...
... meteoroid loses energy after entering a planetary atmosphere. The meteoroid mass loss processes are collectively referred to as ablation. Mass is lost through thermal processes like vaporization and fusion of molten material, but also via fragmentation as well as sputtering of single atoms knocked o ...
Dusty plasma effects in near earth space and interplanetary medium
... environments. Dust also plays an important role in atmospheric processes. It is studied in laboratory plasmas, including plasmas used for materials processing, fusion plasmas, and dedicated dusty plasma experiments. Many processes in astrophysics rely on dust-plasma interactions and they often play ...
... environments. Dust also plays an important role in atmospheric processes. It is studied in laboratory plasmas, including plasmas used for materials processing, fusion plasmas, and dedicated dusty plasma experiments. Many processes in astrophysics rely on dust-plasma interactions and they often play ...
1 The Bohm criterion and sheath 1 formation
... undiminished or even growing interest. In its simplest form the interaction of a plasma with a (more or less) absorbing wall can be characterized as follows: due to the high mobility of the electrons the wall potential will adjust itself to be negative with respect to the surrounding plasma (this ho ...
... undiminished or even growing interest. In its simplest form the interaction of a plasma with a (more or less) absorbing wall can be characterized as follows: due to the high mobility of the electrons the wall potential will adjust itself to be negative with respect to the surrounding plasma (this ho ...
ABSTRACT NOVEL APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY FEMTOSECOND LASERS TO PARTICLE ACCELERATION
... intensities of more than 1022 W/cm2 , corresponding to an electric field of more than 1012 V/cm [1], almost 1000 times the electric field that binds an electron in a hydrogen atom. More modest intensities (1015 W/cm2 ) are routinely achieved by compact commercial laser systems [2]. These compact, in ...
... intensities of more than 1022 W/cm2 , corresponding to an electric field of more than 1012 V/cm [1], almost 1000 times the electric field that binds an electron in a hydrogen atom. More modest intensities (1015 W/cm2 ) are routinely achieved by compact commercial laser systems [2]. These compact, in ...
ring current - Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics
... The convection electric field in the solar wind is about 2 mV/m (assuming u=400km/s and B=5 nT), corresponding to about a 640 kV potential drop across the geomagnetic tail (assuming a tail diameter of 50 RE). The observed electric potential drop across the region of open field lines in the ionosph ...
... The convection electric field in the solar wind is about 2 mV/m (assuming u=400km/s and B=5 nT), corresponding to about a 640 kV potential drop across the geomagnetic tail (assuming a tail diameter of 50 RE). The observed electric potential drop across the region of open field lines in the ionosph ...
Elements of power plant design for inertial fusion energy
... necessary to control the phase of each SBS wave whose phases are known as inherently random. Researchers have proposed a new phase control technique by a self-generated density modulation in order to control the phase of the SBS waves. Theoretical analysis shows that the phase fluctuation is inverse ...
... necessary to control the phase of each SBS wave whose phases are known as inherently random. Researchers have proposed a new phase control technique by a self-generated density modulation in order to control the phase of the SBS waves. Theoretical analysis shows that the phase fluctuation is inverse ...
Super-hot (T > 30 MK) Thermal Plasma in Solar Flares
... Imaging and spectroscopic observations of the 2002 July 23 X4.8 event show that the superhot plasma is both spectrally and spatially distinct from the usual ~10-20 MK plasma observed in nearly all flares, and is located above rather than at the top of the loop containing the cooler plasma. It exists ...
... Imaging and spectroscopic observations of the 2002 July 23 X4.8 event show that the superhot plasma is both spectrally and spatially distinct from the usual ~10-20 MK plasma observed in nearly all flares, and is located above rather than at the top of the loop containing the cooler plasma. It exists ...
Cassini observations of low energy electrons in and around
... plasma, together with the open field configuration provides us with an estimate for the reconnection voltage at Saturn. It is found to, at times, be comparable to the corotation electric field, which is assumed to dominate the dynamics of the system. The large database of ~ 200 crossings of the magn ...
... plasma, together with the open field configuration provides us with an estimate for the reconnection voltage at Saturn. It is found to, at times, be comparable to the corotation electric field, which is assumed to dominate the dynamics of the system. The large database of ~ 200 crossings of the magn ...
Coupled Modes Analysis of SRS ... with Langmuir Decay and Possible Cascadings
... inhibits the compression of the fuel. Based on the coupled modes equations [23] [31], I have set up [and numerically solved] a model that describes the coupling of SRS to other 3WI, such as Langmuir decay interaction (LDI), first Langmuir cascade, and first SRS cascade. I have focused my investigati ...
... inhibits the compression of the fuel. Based on the coupled modes equations [23] [31], I have set up [and numerically solved] a model that describes the coupling of SRS to other 3WI, such as Langmuir decay interaction (LDI), first Langmuir cascade, and first SRS cascade. I have focused my investigati ...
Electromagnetic Field Theory
... electrodynamics with the weak interaction theory to yet another super-theory, electroweak theory. The modern theory of strong interactions, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), is influenced by QED. In this chapter we start with the force interactions in classical electrostatics and classical magnetostatic ...
... electrodynamics with the weak interaction theory to yet another super-theory, electroweak theory. The modern theory of strong interactions, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), is influenced by QED. In this chapter we start with the force interactions in classical electrostatics and classical magnetostatic ...
Statistical study of the location and size of the electron edge of the
... mid-altitude cusp crossing which exhibited an electron edge near the equatorward boundary of the LLBL/cusp. This crossing occurred on 10 September 2002, between 13:45– 14:10 UT. In order to provide the context for this event, solar wind parameters observed by ACE spacecraft during the period around ...
... mid-altitude cusp crossing which exhibited an electron edge near the equatorward boundary of the LLBL/cusp. This crossing occurred on 10 September 2002, between 13:45– 14:10 UT. In order to provide the context for this event, solar wind parameters observed by ACE spacecraft during the period around ...
Transitions between corona, glow, and spark regimes of
... The first proposal and proof that NRP glow discharges could be produced in air at atmospheric pressure came in air preheated to 2000 K.8–10 Attempts were then made to generate the NRP glow discharge at room temperature without success. It was suspected that the long electron recombination time in ai ...
... The first proposal and proof that NRP glow discharges could be produced in air at atmospheric pressure came in air preheated to 2000 K.8–10 Attempts were then made to generate the NRP glow discharge at room temperature without success. It was suspected that the long electron recombination time in ai ...
Decomposition of trichloroethylene in a plasma
... Plasma-assisted catalysis is able to eliminate toxic pollutants at low temperature due to a higher energy efficiency leading to a low energy cost. Furthermore, the development of a suitable catalyst will help to optimize the selectivity into environmentally more friendly end products. By placing the ...
... Plasma-assisted catalysis is able to eliminate toxic pollutants at low temperature due to a higher energy efficiency leading to a low energy cost. Furthermore, the development of a suitable catalyst will help to optimize the selectivity into environmentally more friendly end products. By placing the ...
Particle Dynamics in Solar Coronal Magnetic Reconnection Regions
... directed towards the Sun — both on large scales, on the order of Mm (1 Mm = 1000 km), as well as on small scales of the size of a reconnection region. Yet this method does not come without its challenge. The main reason, which has so far prevented a direct comparison with observational results, is ...
... directed towards the Sun — both on large scales, on the order of Mm (1 Mm = 1000 km), as well as on small scales of the size of a reconnection region. Yet this method does not come without its challenge. The main reason, which has so far prevented a direct comparison with observational results, is ...
Coupled rotational dynamics of Jupiter`s thermosphere
... et al., 1998). The greater size and rate of mass-loading of the Jovian magnetosphere means that magnetospherethermosphere coupling currents must be stronger in the sense that they transfer a greater quantity of angular momentum. The region of Jupiter’s thermosphere from which this greater quantity o ...
... et al., 1998). The greater size and rate of mass-loading of the Jovian magnetosphere means that magnetospherethermosphere coupling currents must be stronger in the sense that they transfer a greater quantity of angular momentum. The region of Jupiter’s thermosphere from which this greater quantity o ...
PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION ENERGY
... students, and new scientists joining the field. In general, the style of presentation includes in depth physical explanations aimed at developing physical intuition. It also includes many detailed derivations to clarify some of the mathematical mysteries of plasma physics. The book should thus be re ...
... students, and new scientists joining the field. In general, the style of presentation includes in depth physical explanations aimed at developing physical intuition. It also includes many detailed derivations to clarify some of the mathematical mysteries of plasma physics. The book should thus be re ...
The Plasma Physics Processes that Drive Ring Current
... Chapter 1: Introduction The space environment is dominated by plasma, consisting of energetic charged particles that move through space under the influence of electric and magnetic fields. While near the surface of our planet matter tends to be in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state, the vast majority ...
... Chapter 1: Introduction The space environment is dominated by plasma, consisting of energetic charged particles that move through space under the influence of electric and magnetic fields. While near the surface of our planet matter tends to be in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state, the vast majority ...
Here
... The book consists of the abstracts of oral and poster contributions to the XXVI International Conference on Interaction of Intense Energy Fluxes with Matter (March 1–6, 2011, Elbrus, Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia). The reports are devoted to the modern investigations in the field of physics of extreme ...
... The book consists of the abstracts of oral and poster contributions to the XXVI International Conference on Interaction of Intense Energy Fluxes with Matter (March 1–6, 2011, Elbrus, Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia). The reports are devoted to the modern investigations in the field of physics of extreme ...
Plasma (physics)
Plasma (from Greek πλάσμα, ""anything formed"") is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. A plasma has properties unlike those of the other states.A plasma can be created by heating a gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator. This decreases or increases the number of electrons, creating positive or negative charged particles called ions, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present.The presence of a significant number of charge carriers makes plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. Like gas, plasma does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless enclosed in a container. Unlike gas, under the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments, beams and double layers.Plasma is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the Universe (the only matter known to exist for sure, the more abundant dark matter is hypothetical and may or may not be explained by ordinary matter), most of which is in the rarefied intergalactic regions, particularly the intracluster medium, and in stars, including the Sun. A common form of plasmas on Earth is seen in neon signs.Much of the understanding of plasmas has come from the pursuit of controlled nuclear fusion and fusion power, for which plasma physics provides the scientific basis.