VHF radar observations of the dip equatorial E
... a westward drift velocity (at ∼360 m/s), close to local midday, mostly observed above ∼101.2 km. They also show Type II echos with westward drift velocity (<360 m/s) during almost the whole day at all heights. After about 18:00 LT, the Type II waves seem to dominate the spectra. The Type II echoes a ...
... a westward drift velocity (at ∼360 m/s), close to local midday, mostly observed above ∼101.2 km. They also show Type II echos with westward drift velocity (<360 m/s) during almost the whole day at all heights. After about 18:00 LT, the Type II waves seem to dominate the spectra. The Type II echoes a ...
Link to file - UH Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
... are functions of E/N and atomic chlorine mole fraction, Yl, since the EEDF is a function of these two variables. Bulk p l a s m a model.--For a given set of operating conditions, the bulk plasma model can predict the time-dependent self-sustained electric field as well as the electron density. Once ...
... are functions of E/N and atomic chlorine mole fraction, Yl, since the EEDF is a function of these two variables. Bulk p l a s m a model.--For a given set of operating conditions, the bulk plasma model can predict the time-dependent self-sustained electric field as well as the electron density. Once ...
New features of ion acoustic waves in inhomogeneous and
... on massive scales directly in the upper solar atmosphere. Their energy may further be transformed into internal energy of the plasma by at least two different mechanisms which will be discussed. We shall describe two very different possible sources for their excitation. a) The first source are simpl ...
... on massive scales directly in the upper solar atmosphere. Their energy may further be transformed into internal energy of the plasma by at least two different mechanisms which will be discussed. We shall describe two very different possible sources for their excitation. a) The first source are simpl ...
Electric and Magnetic Properties of Materials
... A plasma can be generated from neutral molecules that are separated into negative electrons and positive ions by an ionization process (e.g., laser heating or spark discharge). A Lorentz plasma is a simple model in which the electrons interact with each other only through collective space-charge for ...
... A plasma can be generated from neutral molecules that are separated into negative electrons and positive ions by an ionization process (e.g., laser heating or spark discharge). A Lorentz plasma is a simple model in which the electrons interact with each other only through collective space-charge for ...
Downloaded - University of San Diego
... singly ionized ion species in the plasma will be accelerated to cs by the same presheath electric field. Many investigators assumed that all ion species in all weakly collisional plasmas reached their individual Bohm velocity at the sheath-presheath boundary.3 Combined with the ion species’ density, ...
... singly ionized ion species in the plasma will be accelerated to cs by the same presheath electric field. Many investigators assumed that all ion species in all weakly collisional plasmas reached their individual Bohm velocity at the sheath-presheath boundary.3 Combined with the ion species’ density, ...
Simulating the Cluster satellites in a cold plasma flow ”A numerical
... The Sun is continuously expelling a stream of charged particles, i.e. plasma, out into the solar system. This charged stream is called solar wind but when it originates from stars other than Sun, it is called stellar wind. The high kinetic energy associated with this ejection is not well understood ...
... The Sun is continuously expelling a stream of charged particles, i.e. plasma, out into the solar system. This charged stream is called solar wind but when it originates from stars other than Sun, it is called stellar wind. The high kinetic energy associated with this ejection is not well understood ...
672_1.pdf
... The estimate for the injection threshold certainly is too low because the model does neither describe the shock potential nor the ion motion of low-energy particles on the shock length scale. The momentum for downstream escape, however, can be derived from τr τL as ...
... The estimate for the injection threshold certainly is too low because the model does neither describe the shock potential nor the ion motion of low-energy particles on the shock length scale. The momentum for downstream escape, however, can be derived from τr τL as ...
Fully Kinetic Simulations of Ion Beam Neutralization
... in the simulation, the simulations are performed using a realistic mass ratio of mi/me=1836. Comparing to vte, vbeam and vti are vbeam =0.1 vte and vti = 0.0023 vte, respectively. These relative values are similar to typical ion thruster ...
... in the simulation, the simulations are performed using a realistic mass ratio of mi/me=1836. Comparing to vte, vbeam and vti are vbeam =0.1 vte and vti = 0.0023 vte, respectively. These relative values are similar to typical ion thruster ...
Role of direct laser acceleration in energy gained by
... densities (mid-1018 to a few 1019 cm-3) and laser pulse durations (35-45 fs full-width, half-maximum (FWHM)) that are typically used in many experiments, the laser pulse may occupy only a fraction of the first wavelength of the wake oscillation (the accelerating bucket) at low plasma densities, wher ...
... densities (mid-1018 to a few 1019 cm-3) and laser pulse durations (35-45 fs full-width, half-maximum (FWHM)) that are typically used in many experiments, the laser pulse may occupy only a fraction of the first wavelength of the wake oscillation (the accelerating bucket) at low plasma densities, wher ...
ELECTRIC CURRENT IN GASES
... 1. Self-sustaining gas discharge – explain the importance of ionization agent and chain ionization for the discharge. Can the current be constant when voltage rises? 2. Initiated gas discharge - explain the importance of ionization agent and chain ionization for the discharge. Can the current be con ...
... 1. Self-sustaining gas discharge – explain the importance of ionization agent and chain ionization for the discharge. Can the current be constant when voltage rises? 2. Initiated gas discharge - explain the importance of ionization agent and chain ionization for the discharge. Can the current be con ...
Tomo-Hiko Watanabe Department of Physics, Nagoya University
... Research target, motivations for gyrokinetics Fluid and kinetic equations Gyrokinetic equations and simulation models Gyrokinetic ordering and df and full-f GK equations Basic properties of the gyrokinetic equations Applications to plasma turbulence Solar wind turbulence and cascades o ...
... Research target, motivations for gyrokinetics Fluid and kinetic equations Gyrokinetic equations and simulation models Gyrokinetic ordering and df and full-f GK equations Basic properties of the gyrokinetic equations Applications to plasma turbulence Solar wind turbulence and cascades o ...
Reduction of Sheath Potential and Dust Ion
... stationary oscillation in a potential distribution appears. This oscillation is confirmed to be a dust ion-acoustic wave, where the dust charge determines the wavelength and electrons do not contribute to the oscillation except for the vicinity of the threshold. This comes from that electrons are re ...
... stationary oscillation in a potential distribution appears. This oscillation is confirmed to be a dust ion-acoustic wave, where the dust charge determines the wavelength and electrons do not contribute to the oscillation except for the vicinity of the threshold. This comes from that electrons are re ...
Observations of concentrated generator regions in the nightside
... conclude that both the size and the shape of the Cluster tetrahedron are rather optimal during our event. Note that since the curlometer method cannot resolve spatial variations in the current density smaller than the tetrahedron characteristic size, all Cluster data in this article have been smooth ...
... conclude that both the size and the shape of the Cluster tetrahedron are rather optimal during our event. Note that since the curlometer method cannot resolve spatial variations in the current density smaller than the tetrahedron characteristic size, all Cluster data in this article have been smooth ...
Arc Plasma Torch Modeling
... The most frequently used thermal plasma models rely on the LTE approximation, and model the plasma flow as the flow of a property-varying electromagnetic reactive fluid in chemical equilibrium in which the internal energy of the fluid is characterized by a single temperature T. The set of conservat ...
... The most frequently used thermal plasma models rely on the LTE approximation, and model the plasma flow as the flow of a property-varying electromagnetic reactive fluid in chemical equilibrium in which the internal energy of the fluid is characterized by a single temperature T. The set of conservat ...
Deviations of Geomagnetic Field and Hydromagnetic Characteristics
... however, systematic deviations from the theoretical dipole field begin to appear. There is a minimum in field intensity between 5 and 7 earth radii, varying from day to day. These deviations of field suggest a responsible current system located at altitudes beyond the level of the minimum intensity ...
... however, systematic deviations from the theoretical dipole field begin to appear. There is a minimum in field intensity between 5 and 7 earth radii, varying from day to day. These deviations of field suggest a responsible current system located at altitudes beyond the level of the minimum intensity ...
Doubly Ionized Carbon Observed in the Plasma Tail of Comet Kudo
... all observations was 0.04 nm or better. Although Kudo-Fujikawa had an orbital velocity of nearly 100 km s⫺1 during our observations, essentially all of this motion was in the plane of the sky; hence, there was no radial velocity component to produce a Doppler shift in the spectral lines. Water is th ...
... all observations was 0.04 nm or better. Although Kudo-Fujikawa had an orbital velocity of nearly 100 km s⫺1 during our observations, essentially all of this motion was in the plane of the sky; hence, there was no radial velocity component to produce a Doppler shift in the spectral lines. Water is th ...
Flow Measurements on Single and Merging Spheromaks atSSX
... Returning to the resistive MHD model, which postulates the resistive Ohm's law (2.4), the consequences of the extra resistivity term are not yet clear. One would assume that frozen-in flux does not apply because ideal MHD was necessary for its proof. This is indeed the case, for the following [13] w ...
... Returning to the resistive MHD model, which postulates the resistive Ohm's law (2.4), the consequences of the extra resistivity term are not yet clear. One would assume that frozen-in flux does not apply because ideal MHD was necessary for its proof. This is indeed the case, for the following [13] w ...
Inertial fusion advance towards ignition
... high-intense laser (PW-1015w) system can provide intensities 1018-21w/cm2 for each beam. Interaction of the petawatt (PW) laser with matter may accelerate charged particles (electrons, protons and heavy ions) to kinetic energy over GeV. The acceleration of high-energy charged particle beam generated ...
... high-intense laser (PW-1015w) system can provide intensities 1018-21w/cm2 for each beam. Interaction of the petawatt (PW) laser with matter may accelerate charged particles (electrons, protons and heavy ions) to kinetic energy over GeV. The acceleration of high-energy charged particle beam generated ...
Investigation of Plasma Detachment From a Magnetic Nozzle in the
... plasma to neutral interactions (e.g., particle sources and losses due to impact ionization or charge–exchange interactions), which will alter unimpeded fluxes and potentially mask the underlying physics. A third requirement involves exploring over an adequate scale length for a magnetic nozzle where ...
... plasma to neutral interactions (e.g., particle sources and losses due to impact ionization or charge–exchange interactions), which will alter unimpeded fluxes and potentially mask the underlying physics. A third requirement involves exploring over an adequate scale length for a magnetic nozzle where ...
Solar-cycle variation of low density solar wind during
... this period, which encompasses solar Cycles 20-23. The second panel shows 1-hr averaged solar wind density data in the range 0 - 2 cm−3 . Lines join successive data points. Intervals of exceptionally low densities occur at all stages of the solar cycle but are evidently much rarer around solar minim ...
... this period, which encompasses solar Cycles 20-23. The second panel shows 1-hr averaged solar wind density data in the range 0 - 2 cm−3 . Lines join successive data points. Intervals of exceptionally low densities occur at all stages of the solar cycle but are evidently much rarer around solar minim ...
Magnetostatic equilibrium and turbulent transport in Earth`s
... the existence of nonequipotential magnetic field lines. First results of auroral and plasma sheet electric field observations were summarized by Antonova [1985]. It was shown that in the conditions of the existence of field-aligned electric fields, observed fluctuations of the electric field lead to ...
... the existence of nonequipotential magnetic field lines. First results of auroral and plasma sheet electric field observations were summarized by Antonova [1985]. It was shown that in the conditions of the existence of field-aligned electric fields, observed fluctuations of the electric field lead to ...
A toroidal momentum pinch velocity due to the Coriolis drift effect on
... turbulence [1–3] and, hence, improve confinement. Furthermore, a toroidal rotation of sufficient magnitude can stabilize the resistive wall mode [4–6]. Since a torque on the plasma (for instance due to neutral beam heating) will be largely absent in a fusion reactor, it is generally assumed that the ...
... turbulence [1–3] and, hence, improve confinement. Furthermore, a toroidal rotation of sufficient magnitude can stabilize the resistive wall mode [4–6]. Since a torque on the plasma (for instance due to neutral beam heating) will be largely absent in a fusion reactor, it is generally assumed that the ...
Development and experimental characterization of a wall
... limiting factor for the lifetime is the erosion of the annular channel walls due to bombardment by hot electrons and high-energy ions.12,13 The wall material affects, to a large extent, the plasma discharge properties and dynamics, and consequently, the performance level and the lifetime of the devi ...
... limiting factor for the lifetime is the erosion of the annular channel walls due to bombardment by hot electrons and high-energy ions.12,13 The wall material affects, to a large extent, the plasma discharge properties and dynamics, and consequently, the performance level and the lifetime of the devi ...
Electromagnetic Field Generation in the Downstream of Electrostatic
... driven by the pure Weibel instability [26–28] due to a strong temperature anisotropy [29] which is caused by electron trapping in the downstream region of electrostatic shocks. We will start by considering shock formation in a system of symmetric charge and current neutral counterstreaming beams, ea ...
... driven by the pure Weibel instability [26–28] due to a strong temperature anisotropy [29] which is caused by electron trapping in the downstream region of electrostatic shocks. We will start by considering shock formation in a system of symmetric charge and current neutral counterstreaming beams, ea ...
Department of Physics and Astronomy University of
... smaller abundance of oxygen. The temperatures range from 0.9 · 108 K to 3 · 108 K. We adopt not only these parameters but also include two more plasma compositions and an even higher temperature to account for traditional s-process plasma treatment and to allow a comparison with literature values. O ...
... smaller abundance of oxygen. The temperatures range from 0.9 · 108 K to 3 · 108 K. We adopt not only these parameters but also include two more plasma compositions and an even higher temperature to account for traditional s-process plasma treatment and to allow a comparison with literature values. O ...
Plasma (physics)
Plasma (from Greek πλάσμα, ""anything formed"") is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. A plasma has properties unlike those of the other states.A plasma can be created by heating a gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator. This decreases or increases the number of electrons, creating positive or negative charged particles called ions, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present.The presence of a significant number of charge carriers makes plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. Like gas, plasma does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless enclosed in a container. Unlike gas, under the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments, beams and double layers.Plasma is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the Universe (the only matter known to exist for sure, the more abundant dark matter is hypothetical and may or may not be explained by ordinary matter), most of which is in the rarefied intergalactic regions, particularly the intracluster medium, and in stars, including the Sun. A common form of plasmas on Earth is seen in neon signs.Much of the understanding of plasmas has come from the pursuit of controlled nuclear fusion and fusion power, for which plasma physics provides the scientific basis.