Electron Dynamics in the Lower-Hybrid Drift Instability of Harris
... energy [2-3]. On the other hand, current sheets with thickness on the order of ion scale are unstable to a variety of instabilities, which are thought to have central importance on the onset or nonlinear development of magnetic reconnection. One of such instabilities is the lower-hybrid drift instab ...
... energy [2-3]. On the other hand, current sheets with thickness on the order of ion scale are unstable to a variety of instabilities, which are thought to have central importance on the onset or nonlinear development of magnetic reconnection. One of such instabilities is the lower-hybrid drift instab ...
Electron surfing acceleration in magnetic reconnection
... trajectory. Shown in Figure 3 is a typical trajectory of electron that is strongly accelerated during the interaction with the plasma sheet. The solid curve is the trajectory in (X, Z) space, and the dashed curve shows the energy history as a function of X. The trajectory starts at (X, Z) ’ (8.7, 2. ...
... trajectory. Shown in Figure 3 is a typical trajectory of electron that is strongly accelerated during the interaction with the plasma sheet. The solid curve is the trajectory in (X, Z) space, and the dashed curve shows the energy history as a function of X. The trajectory starts at (X, Z) ’ (8.7, 2. ...
Numerical and experimental investigation of electron beam air
... approximately equals to twice of gas temperature [14]. Note that the self-heating effect is a significant phenomenon for high energy continuous electron beam plasma, especially in case of high beam current and gas pressure. Thus the spatial distribution of gas temperature is the important for analyz ...
... approximately equals to twice of gas temperature [14]. Note that the self-heating effect is a significant phenomenon for high energy continuous electron beam plasma, especially in case of high beam current and gas pressure. Thus the spatial distribution of gas temperature is the important for analyz ...
Evaluation of a space-observed electric field structure for the ability
... to the background magnetic field (Chang et al., 2004). In this regard, any structured electric fields at scales > 224 m in the analyzed data series can be selected to test for the ability to destabilize IEDD waves. At the same time, a nonlocal analysis that will be performed in Sect. 3 to evaluate t ...
... to the background magnetic field (Chang et al., 2004). In this regard, any structured electric fields at scales > 224 m in the analyzed data series can be selected to test for the ability to destabilize IEDD waves. At the same time, a nonlocal analysis that will be performed in Sect. 3 to evaluate t ...
Thessa_pres
... a restoring force and wave modes; however the same phenomenon occurs:there are a continuum of wave modes in phase space, while velocity averages decrease, now only exponentially (in a stable plasma), due to a subtler phase mixing (Landau damping). Landau closures: compare a linearized fluid theory, ...
... a restoring force and wave modes; however the same phenomenon occurs:there are a continuum of wave modes in phase space, while velocity averages decrease, now only exponentially (in a stable plasma), due to a subtler phase mixing (Landau damping). Landau closures: compare a linearized fluid theory, ...
Chapter 5 Plasma Descriptions I: Kinetic, Two
... moment and (in the next chapter) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) descriptions of plasmas. The first section, 5.1, averages the microscopic equation to develop a plasma kinetic equation. This fundamental plasma equation and its properties are explored in Section 5.2. [While, as indicated in (5.1), only the ...
... moment and (in the next chapter) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) descriptions of plasmas. The first section, 5.1, averages the microscopic equation to develop a plasma kinetic equation. This fundamental plasma equation and its properties are explored in Section 5.2. [While, as indicated in (5.1), only the ...
Simulation of discharging dust grains by laser excitation of neutral...
... the main effects in dust charging when the dust density is low and should be sufficient to indicate what density of excited atoms will be needed to see a substantial change in dust charge. The equations in this section are essentially the same as for the orbit motion limited approach and, thus, have ...
... the main effects in dust charging when the dust density is low and should be sufficient to indicate what density of excited atoms will be needed to see a substantial change in dust charge. The equations in this section are essentially the same as for the orbit motion limited approach and, thus, have ...
Determination of the levitation limits of dust particles within the
... C 2012 American Institute of Physics. outside the linearly increasing portion of the electric field. V [doi:10.1063/1.3677360] ...
... C 2012 American Institute of Physics. outside the linearly increasing portion of the electric field. V [doi:10.1063/1.3677360] ...
Energy coupling to the plasma in repetitive nanosecond pulse
... additional images were taken with shorter gate width. Figure 4 shows ICCD camera images of pulse 100 at the conditions of Fig. 3, taken with gate width ranging from 1 s to 10 ns. From Fig. 4, it can be seen that the emission intensity distribution remains uniform in the entire range of gate widths ...
... additional images were taken with shorter gate width. Figure 4 shows ICCD camera images of pulse 100 at the conditions of Fig. 3, taken with gate width ranging from 1 s to 10 ns. From Fig. 4, it can be seen that the emission intensity distribution remains uniform in the entire range of gate widths ...
Static Magnetic Field Influence on Ponderomotive
... Recently the investigations of laser plasma nonlinear interactions have great attraction by theoretical and practical researches [1-4]. One of the important phenomena at laser plasma nonlinear interaction is the self-focusing of Gaussian laser beam due to its relevance with very important applicatio ...
... Recently the investigations of laser plasma nonlinear interactions have great attraction by theoretical and practical researches [1-4]. One of the important phenomena at laser plasma nonlinear interaction is the self-focusing of Gaussian laser beam due to its relevance with very important applicatio ...
Electric Propulsion
... Why is a plasma quasi-neutral? Being very light, electrons tend to move so as to screen out electric field perturbations (electrodes, walls, ...). The screening distance is called the Debye length: s λD = ...
... Why is a plasma quasi-neutral? Being very light, electrons tend to move so as to screen out electric field perturbations (electrodes, walls, ...). The screening distance is called the Debye length: s λD = ...
Streamer Propagation in Hybrid Gas-Solid Insulation
... electronegative molecules (η is attachment coefficient, m-1); and Rdet = kdet Ne Nn is the rate of detachment of electron from negative ions (kdet is detachment coefficient, m3/s). Two types of recombination are considered, electron-ion and ion-ion, with the rates Rep = βep Ne Np and Rpn = βpn Np Nn ...
... electronegative molecules (η is attachment coefficient, m-1); and Rdet = kdet Ne Nn is the rate of detachment of electron from negative ions (kdet is detachment coefficient, m3/s). Two types of recombination are considered, electron-ion and ion-ion, with the rates Rep = βep Ne Np and Rpn = βpn Np Nn ...
Scattering of Sunlight in Lunar Exosphere Caused by Gravitational
... mechanical, electromagnetic, etc. For example, we can look on the momentum variation Δp as due to absorption or emission of electromagnetic energy. In this case, it was shown previously that the expression of χ , in the particular case of incident radiation on a heterogeneous matter(powder, dust, cl ...
... mechanical, electromagnetic, etc. For example, we can look on the momentum variation Δp as due to absorption or emission of electromagnetic energy. In this case, it was shown previously that the expression of χ , in the particular case of incident radiation on a heterogeneous matter(powder, dust, cl ...
Opacities and spectra of hydrogen atmospheres of moderately
... are isolated neutron stars with clearly observed thermal emission in quiescence, whose thermal X-ray spectra formed on the surface are not blended with emission from accreting matter or magnetosphere (see the list of their properties in Viganò et al. 2013). Most of them have surface magnetic fields ...
... are isolated neutron stars with clearly observed thermal emission in quiescence, whose thermal X-ray spectra formed on the surface are not blended with emission from accreting matter or magnetosphere (see the list of their properties in Viganò et al. 2013). Most of them have surface magnetic fields ...
Sun–Earth connection: Boundary layer waves and auroras
... resonant interaction of the LLBL waves with the energetic particles can put protons and electrons on near-strong to strong pitch angle diffusion to create the dayside aurora at the Earth [15], a phenomena that is ever present and is independent of substorms. Earlier, broadband electrostatic noise (B ...
... resonant interaction of the LLBL waves with the energetic particles can put protons and electrons on near-strong to strong pitch angle diffusion to create the dayside aurora at the Earth [15], a phenomena that is ever present and is independent of substorms. Earlier, broadband electrostatic noise (B ...
The Salpeter plasma correction for solar fusion reactions
... Shaviv & Shaviv (1997, 2000) state that a significant dynamic effect on screening does exist. We have not been able to extract from their work a single definitive analytic formula to compare with the Salpeter result, or with the various results of the rest of the heterodox “screening” literature. We ...
... Shaviv & Shaviv (1997, 2000) state that a significant dynamic effect on screening does exist. We have not been able to extract from their work a single definitive analytic formula to compare with the Salpeter result, or with the various results of the rest of the heterodox “screening” literature. We ...
Advanced Concepts of Electromagnetic Generation, Confinement
... 1.1 Scientific rationale Plasma-based propulsion systems make it possible to attain a very high specific impulse combined with continuous thrust. This implies that even though the thrust is orders of magnitude lower than for chemical thrusters, the continuous acceleration gained by a spacecraft prop ...
... 1.1 Scientific rationale Plasma-based propulsion systems make it possible to attain a very high specific impulse combined with continuous thrust. This implies that even though the thrust is orders of magnitude lower than for chemical thrusters, the continuous acceleration gained by a spacecraft prop ...
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH, VOL
... Communication by electrical means began in 1844 after this system were being developed the theoretical foundation for electromagnetic radiation was being laid by Maxwell. The means of astrophysical plasma turbulence astrophysics is a branch of astronomy, plasma is a qusinutral gas have collective be ...
... Communication by electrical means began in 1844 after this system were being developed the theoretical foundation for electromagnetic radiation was being laid by Maxwell. The means of astrophysical plasma turbulence astrophysics is a branch of astronomy, plasma is a qusinutral gas have collective be ...
Incoherent scatter of radio waves from the ionosphere
... 2. History of incoherent-scatter radar I n 1906 J J Thomson showed that free electrons are capable of scattering electromagnetic radiation in a particular direction with a scattering cross section of o=4n(re sin y)2 where Y e is the electron 'radius' (=poe2/me) and y is the angle between the directi ...
... 2. History of incoherent-scatter radar I n 1906 J J Thomson showed that free electrons are capable of scattering electromagnetic radiation in a particular direction with a scattering cross section of o=4n(re sin y)2 where Y e is the electron 'radius' (=poe2/me) and y is the angle between the directi ...
ELECTRON!DENSITY!IN!A!HELIUM!DISCHARGE! PLASMA!
... The initially excited atom A1 has lost its excitation energy to the initially neutral atom A2 , ionizing the latter [13]. Important ionization processes happen at the plasma surface as well. The electric field decreases the electrode atom’s electric potential energy and makes electron tunneling more ...
... The initially excited atom A1 has lost its excitation energy to the initially neutral atom A2 , ionizing the latter [13]. Important ionization processes happen at the plasma surface as well. The electric field decreases the electrode atom’s electric potential energy and makes electron tunneling more ...
In situ electron plasma in a Penning–Malmberg trap
... a map of the CMEF strength at a resolution set by the plasma length. For a given plasma length, this resolution can be improved by making a magnetic resonance imaging style scan of the plasma. A linear magnetic field gradient is applied across the length of the plasma, creating a position-dependent ...
... a map of the CMEF strength at a resolution set by the plasma length. For a given plasma length, this resolution can be improved by making a magnetic resonance imaging style scan of the plasma. A linear magnetic field gradient is applied across the length of the plasma, creating a position-dependent ...
Nonlinear waves and shocks in relativistic two-fluid hydrodynamics
... gyration around (i.e., transverse to) it. In the case of a parallel shock, the field lines pass through the shock, and a particle’s motion along the field will carry the particle through (and away from) the shock relatively easily. On the other hand, at a perpendicular shock, the field lines are par ...
... gyration around (i.e., transverse to) it. In the case of a parallel shock, the field lines pass through the shock, and a particle’s motion along the field will carry the particle through (and away from) the shock relatively easily. On the other hand, at a perpendicular shock, the field lines are par ...
Suppression and Excitation of MHD Activity with Electrically
... 3.1 – Regime I – Bias excitation of MHD activity In figures 3(a) to 3(d) we show for shot #17994 the data obtained using the diagnostics above mentioned. The effect of the electrode bias on the plasma transport and turbulence in regime I (excitation), with the electrode positioned at rE = 16.5 cm, ( ...
... 3.1 – Regime I – Bias excitation of MHD activity In figures 3(a) to 3(d) we show for shot #17994 the data obtained using the diagnostics above mentioned. The effect of the electrode bias on the plasma transport and turbulence in regime I (excitation), with the electrode positioned at rE = 16.5 cm, ( ...
Transport and trapping of dust particles in a potential well
... monotonically from the electrode surface to the plasma which allows dust grains to form a 2D dust layer above the rf electrode [18, 19]. However, 3D dust structure with less extent (nearly 10 mm) is formed above the rf electrode which still suits to perform the wave experiments [20, 21]. A larger 2D ...
... monotonically from the electrode surface to the plasma which allows dust grains to form a 2D dust layer above the rf electrode [18, 19]. However, 3D dust structure with less extent (nearly 10 mm) is formed above the rf electrode which still suits to perform the wave experiments [20, 21]. A larger 2D ...
Multiple shocks near Mars Eduard Dubinin , Konrad Sauer , Klaus Baumgärtel
... smaller, because of an increase in the total mass of heavies taking momentum from the proton flow. Variations of the proton bulk velocity occur in an anti-phase with the velocity of the heavies. ...
... smaller, because of an increase in the total mass of heavies taking momentum from the proton flow. Variations of the proton bulk velocity occur in an anti-phase with the velocity of the heavies. ...
Plasma (physics)
Plasma (from Greek πλάσμα, ""anything formed"") is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. A plasma has properties unlike those of the other states.A plasma can be created by heating a gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator. This decreases or increases the number of electrons, creating positive or negative charged particles called ions, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present.The presence of a significant number of charge carriers makes plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. Like gas, plasma does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless enclosed in a container. Unlike gas, under the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments, beams and double layers.Plasma is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the Universe (the only matter known to exist for sure, the more abundant dark matter is hypothetical and may or may not be explained by ordinary matter), most of which is in the rarefied intergalactic regions, particularly the intracluster medium, and in stars, including the Sun. A common form of plasmas on Earth is seen in neon signs.Much of the understanding of plasmas has come from the pursuit of controlled nuclear fusion and fusion power, for which plasma physics provides the scientific basis.