Nanocrystalline silicon prepared at high growth rate using helium
... High H2 dilution and high level of electrical excitation to the SiH4 plasma are the two critical parameters facilitating the growth of nanocrystalline network in plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). However, high H2 dilution retards the film growth rate and high electrical power cause ...
... High H2 dilution and high level of electrical excitation to the SiH4 plasma are the two critical parameters facilitating the growth of nanocrystalline network in plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). However, high H2 dilution retards the film growth rate and high electrical power cause ...
Suppression of runaway electron avalanches by radial
... The generation of runaway electrons has been studied theoretically for over four decades. Early work focused on the formation of fast electrons through the combined effects of a constant electric field and velocity–space diffusion as described by the Fokker–Planck equation.4–7 This is sometimes refe ...
... The generation of runaway electrons has been studied theoretically for over four decades. Early work focused on the formation of fast electrons through the combined effects of a constant electric field and velocity–space diffusion as described by the Fokker–Planck equation.4–7 This is sometimes refe ...
m - viXra
... mechanical, electromagnetic, etc. For example, we can look on the momentum variation Δp as due to absorption or emission of electromagnetic energy. In this case, it was shown previously that the expression of χ , in the particular case of incident radiation on a heterogeneous matter(powder, dust, cl ...
... mechanical, electromagnetic, etc. For example, we can look on the momentum variation Δp as due to absorption or emission of electromagnetic energy. In this case, it was shown previously that the expression of χ , in the particular case of incident radiation on a heterogeneous matter(powder, dust, cl ...
Conservation Laws in Ideal MHD - Harvard
... There are generalizations to allow for gauge-invariant definitions of helicity ...
... There are generalizations to allow for gauge-invariant definitions of helicity ...
FB Plasma Notes - School of Physics
... ionization is caused by electrons colliding with atoms. This is one of the most important mechanism in an electric discharge. So we will examine it in some detail. Electrons are accelerated by the electric field and gain energy. They collide with atoms. If their energy is small, the collision will b ...
... ionization is caused by electrons colliding with atoms. This is one of the most important mechanism in an electric discharge. So we will examine it in some detail. Electrons are accelerated by the electric field and gain energy. They collide with atoms. If their energy is small, the collision will b ...
Positron collisions with Rydberg atoms in strong
... give results for the angular distribution of Ps that result from a charge transfer. Finally, we investigated how large an E-field the Ps could survive depending on their emergence angle. 3.1. Single e+ collisions In this section, we investigate the cross sections and rates for the case when the atom ...
... give results for the angular distribution of Ps that result from a charge transfer. Finally, we investigated how large an E-field the Ps could survive depending on their emergence angle. 3.1. Single e+ collisions In this section, we investigate the cross sections and rates for the case when the atom ...
Simulations of Si and SiO2 Etching in SF6+O2 Plasma
... sidewalls. Round corners reduce the build-up of mechanical stress onto a silicon surface. SF6 +O2 plasma is commonly used in the high aspect ratio structure applications because of the high etching rate of silicon [1–4]. High etching anisotropy is achieved using sidewall passivation with SiO2 molecu ...
... sidewalls. Round corners reduce the build-up of mechanical stress onto a silicon surface. SF6 +O2 plasma is commonly used in the high aspect ratio structure applications because of the high etching rate of silicon [1–4]. High etching anisotropy is achieved using sidewall passivation with SiO2 molecu ...
Return-current formation in the electron beam – plasma system
... two-stream, Weibel (filamentation), current-driven and so on in agreement with the analysis made by Bret (2009) and Lee et al. (2007, 2008). Due to these instabilities the electron distribution function and return current evolve. While the two-stream instability is important in all presented cases, ...
... two-stream, Weibel (filamentation), current-driven and so on in agreement with the analysis made by Bret (2009) and Lee et al. (2007, 2008). Due to these instabilities the electron distribution function and return current evolve. While the two-stream instability is important in all presented cases, ...
TIME-DEPENDENT FORCE-FREE PULSAR
... evolution. Recently, Komissarov (2005) used a timedependent force-free code and a relativistic MHD code for this problem. While his force-free code had converged to a solution with all closed fieldlines, presumably due to excessive numerical diffusion, the MHD code produced a solution remarkably sim ...
... evolution. Recently, Komissarov (2005) used a timedependent force-free code and a relativistic MHD code for this problem. While his force-free code had converged to a solution with all closed fieldlines, presumably due to excessive numerical diffusion, the MHD code produced a solution remarkably sim ...
SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
... utilizing the third harmonic FLR of Streltsov et al. [1998] as the wave electromagnetic field. The initial LLBL magnetosheath population has a thermal energy of 100 eV. The results presented are the culmination of the test-particle model that has been developed and tested in the previous chapters. S ...
... utilizing the third harmonic FLR of Streltsov et al. [1998] as the wave electromagnetic field. The initial LLBL magnetosheath population has a thermal energy of 100 eV. The results presented are the culmination of the test-particle model that has been developed and tested in the previous chapters. S ...
Abstract: - Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics
... tension was no longer balanced by the centrifugal force that had been exerted by the rotating cold ...
... tension was no longer balanced by the centrifugal force that had been exerted by the rotating cold ...
Document
... In the e+ accumulator B=0.15-0.2T The last trap can be Malmberg or Penning (as we like) e+ cooling : only buffer gas No significant radiation cooling (B too low) Radial compression through RW wall during accumulation with gas cooling Accumulation time : 300-500 sec Stop accumulation : gas pum ...
... In the e+ accumulator B=0.15-0.2T The last trap can be Malmberg or Penning (as we like) e+ cooling : only buffer gas No significant radiation cooling (B too low) Radial compression through RW wall during accumulation with gas cooling Accumulation time : 300-500 sec Stop accumulation : gas pum ...
Gravitational lensing in presence of plasma O.Yu. Tsupko G.S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan
... When we work in the frame of geometrical optics what is usual for gravitational lensing, we can characterize the properties of the medium by using of the refractive index. In the inhomogeneous medium (the refractive index depends explicitly on the space coordinates) the photon moves along curved tra ...
... When we work in the frame of geometrical optics what is usual for gravitational lensing, we can characterize the properties of the medium by using of the refractive index. In the inhomogeneous medium (the refractive index depends explicitly on the space coordinates) the photon moves along curved tra ...
On One-Fluid MHD Models with Electron Inertia
... ideal MHD has some limitations, such as in a specific regions where magnetic reconnection takes place, which is considered to have an important role in energy transfer. Other effects can also be important and the MHD model may breakdown for other reasons. Consequently, many researchers have consider ...
... ideal MHD has some limitations, such as in a specific regions where magnetic reconnection takes place, which is considered to have an important role in energy transfer. Other effects can also be important and the MHD model may breakdown for other reasons. Consequently, many researchers have consider ...
APPENDIXES
... temperature. Such introduction is followed by a description of physical processes in glow discharges. In this second section, the abundant use of mathematical expressions is to provide a rigorous review to the most important plasma concepts. Beginning with some fundamental expressions in Electromagn ...
... temperature. Such introduction is followed by a description of physical processes in glow discharges. In this second section, the abundant use of mathematical expressions is to provide a rigorous review to the most important plasma concepts. Beginning with some fundamental expressions in Electromagn ...
Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in and around
... plasmas (Stix, 1962; Swanson, 1989; Nishikawa & Wakatani, 1990), and plasma materialprocessing reactors (Lieberman & Lichtenberg, 1994). When an electromagnetic wave is launched in or near a non-magnetized plasma whose size is much larger than the wavelength, it is transmitted, reflected, or absorbe ...
... plasmas (Stix, 1962; Swanson, 1989; Nishikawa & Wakatani, 1990), and plasma materialprocessing reactors (Lieberman & Lichtenberg, 1994). When an electromagnetic wave is launched in or near a non-magnetized plasma whose size is much larger than the wavelength, it is transmitted, reflected, or absorbe ...
Double Layer Observations and role in particle acceleration
... Double layers are regions of charge separation along B that produce parallel E and parallel potential drops They were proposed by Alfven 55 years ago to be the mechanism for accelerating electrons in astrophysics Until now, they have not been observed with sufficient total potentials to matter VAP h ...
... Double layers are regions of charge separation along B that produce parallel E and parallel potential drops They were proposed by Alfven 55 years ago to be the mechanism for accelerating electrons in astrophysics Until now, they have not been observed with sufficient total potentials to matter VAP h ...
Full text - terrapub
... magnetotail. They have analyzed the data from the masssensor of ASPERA, being able to distinguish reliably between different ions. Planetary ions fill mainly two regions in the tail, the boundary layer or mantle and the plasma sheet. However, to achieve a better statistics in their “image” of the pl ...
... magnetotail. They have analyzed the data from the masssensor of ASPERA, being able to distinguish reliably between different ions. Planetary ions fill mainly two regions in the tail, the boundary layer or mantle and the plasma sheet. However, to achieve a better statistics in their “image” of the pl ...
Fluid description of multi-component solar partially ionized
... relatively weak magnetic field. All these factors together mean that the assumptions of MHD and the approach based on the thermodynamic equilibrium conditions become invalid in the chromosphere. It has long been known that the chromospheric plasma can not be treated in the local thermodynamic equili ...
... relatively weak magnetic field. All these factors together mean that the assumptions of MHD and the approach based on the thermodynamic equilibrium conditions become invalid in the chromosphere. It has long been known that the chromospheric plasma can not be treated in the local thermodynamic equili ...
An Electrostatic Wave
... an individual electron to the resulting polarization density and dielectric constant, etc. Such waves are called electron Bernstein waves, following their prediction via an analysis based on the Boltzmann transport equation [1]. Bernstein waves were first produced in laboratory plasmas in 1964 [2], f ...
... an individual electron to the resulting polarization density and dielectric constant, etc. Such waves are called electron Bernstein waves, following their prediction via an analysis based on the Boltzmann transport equation [1]. Bernstein waves were first produced in laboratory plasmas in 1964 [2], f ...
single-bunch instability of positron beams in electron cloud
... where j and ρ are the total current and charge densities, respectively. Plasma macro-particles are characterized by their radius and three components of the momentum. We find these quantities as functions of ξ. Since no information can propagate forward in the simulation window, plasma response and ...
... where j and ρ are the total current and charge densities, respectively. Plasma macro-particles are characterized by their radius and three components of the momentum. We find these quantities as functions of ξ. Since no information can propagate forward in the simulation window, plasma response and ...
Trapped particles and asymmetry-induced transport
... be induced by resonant rf fields, allowing the process to be investigated in detail.17 When static k z ⫽0, m ⫽0 asymmetries 共such as a magnetic ‘‘tilt’’兲 exist in the trapping fields, the plasma equilibrium necessarily has dc ‘‘asymmetry currents’’ driven by the E⫻B drift rotation through the stat ...
... be induced by resonant rf fields, allowing the process to be investigated in detail.17 When static k z ⫽0, m ⫽0 asymmetries 共such as a magnetic ‘‘tilt’’兲 exist in the trapping fields, the plasma equilibrium necessarily has dc ‘‘asymmetry currents’’ driven by the E⫻B drift rotation through the stat ...
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... the roles of lasers into two functions: one to compress the fuel with the least amount of entropy increase so that the fusion fuel is compressed to a highest density with the least amount of laser energy, and the other is to heat the fuel to the thermonuclear ignition temperature (∼ 10 keV) when the ...
... the roles of lasers into two functions: one to compress the fuel with the least amount of entropy increase so that the fusion fuel is compressed to a highest density with the least amount of laser energy, and the other is to heat the fuel to the thermonuclear ignition temperature (∼ 10 keV) when the ...
Plasma (physics)
Plasma (from Greek πλάσμα, ""anything formed"") is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. A plasma has properties unlike those of the other states.A plasma can be created by heating a gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator. This decreases or increases the number of electrons, creating positive or negative charged particles called ions, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present.The presence of a significant number of charge carriers makes plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. Like gas, plasma does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless enclosed in a container. Unlike gas, under the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments, beams and double layers.Plasma is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the Universe (the only matter known to exist for sure, the more abundant dark matter is hypothetical and may or may not be explained by ordinary matter), most of which is in the rarefied intergalactic regions, particularly the intracluster medium, and in stars, including the Sun. A common form of plasmas on Earth is seen in neon signs.Much of the understanding of plasmas has come from the pursuit of controlled nuclear fusion and fusion power, for which plasma physics provides the scientific basis.