X-Ray Scattering from Warm Dense Matter at Vulcan
... Warm dense matter (WDM) is a state of matter that lies between the physical regimes of condensed matter and weakly coupled plasmas. Density ranges from 0.1-10 times solid density and temperatures are from 0.1 to 100eV [1]. WDM is important in astrophysics; it is the most likely state of matter for t ...
... Warm dense matter (WDM) is a state of matter that lies between the physical regimes of condensed matter and weakly coupled plasmas. Density ranges from 0.1-10 times solid density and temperatures are from 0.1 to 100eV [1]. WDM is important in astrophysics; it is the most likely state of matter for t ...
ESS 154 Solar Terrestrial Physics
... – The dominant ionization source is photoionization of atomic ...
... – The dominant ionization source is photoionization of atomic ...
A model for fast extragalactic radio bursts
... via interaction with the radiation field itself so that a selfconsistent model could be developed. Sagiv & Waxman (2002) considered synchrotron maser radio emission from gamma-ray bursts. They assumed that the required inverse population of relativistic electrons is formed due to spontaneous synchro ...
... via interaction with the radiation field itself so that a selfconsistent model could be developed. Sagiv & Waxman (2002) considered synchrotron maser radio emission from gamma-ray bursts. They assumed that the required inverse population of relativistic electrons is formed due to spontaneous synchro ...
Petawatt laser synchrotron source
... now. With equation (1) and the measurements of absolute photon numbers, the x-ray conversion efficiency can be calculated. This is found to be on the order of 10–7 (∼10µJ ) of the laser energy with as much as 10% (∼1µJ) radiated above 50 keV. ...
... now. With equation (1) and the measurements of absolute photon numbers, the x-ray conversion efficiency can be calculated. This is found to be on the order of 10–7 (∼10µJ ) of the laser energy with as much as 10% (∼1µJ) radiated above 50 keV. ...
A Direct Empirical Proof of the Existence of Dark Matter
... measured shear for galaxies divided into crude redshift bins using photometric redshifts (Wittman et al. 2003), we further limit the redshift of the lensing objects to 0.18 < z < 0.39. This range is consistent with the clus ter redshift, but corresponds to a large volume in which a structure unasso ...
... measured shear for galaxies divided into crude redshift bins using photometric redshifts (Wittman et al. 2003), we further limit the redshift of the lensing objects to 0.18 < z < 0.39. This range is consistent with the clus ter redshift, but corresponds to a large volume in which a structure unasso ...
PlasmaIntro002
... A plasma is injected into the region between the mirrors A and B. Coils A and B are then pulsed to increase B and hence v 2 . The heated plasma can then be transferred to the region C-D by a further pulse in A; increasing the mirror ratio there. The coils C and D are then pulsed to further compress ...
... A plasma is injected into the region between the mirrors A and B. Coils A and B are then pulsed to increase B and hence v 2 . The heated plasma can then be transferred to the region C-D by a further pulse in A; increasing the mirror ratio there. The coils C and D are then pulsed to further compress ...
On the Fast Electron Beam, Consequent Generation of Electrostatic
... to a strong radial electrostatic field in front of the grill, and to a corresponding poloidal plasma rotation. A similar plasma vortex, but of a significantly lower intensity, was studied in Ref. 12. We also computed the flow of particles from the layer just in front of the LH grill for realistic va ...
... to a strong radial electrostatic field in front of the grill, and to a corresponding poloidal plasma rotation. A similar plasma vortex, but of a significantly lower intensity, was studied in Ref. 12. We also computed the flow of particles from the layer just in front of the LH grill for realistic va ...
PlasmaIntro002
... A plasma is injected into the region between the mirrors A and B. Coils A and B are then pulsed to increase B and hence v 2 . The heated plasma can then be transferred to the region C-D by a further pulse in A; increasing the mirror ratio there. The coils C and D are then pulsed to further compress ...
... A plasma is injected into the region between the mirrors A and B. Coils A and B are then pulsed to increase B and hence v 2 . The heated plasma can then be transferred to the region C-D by a further pulse in A; increasing the mirror ratio there. The coils C and D are then pulsed to further compress ...
Recent results on wave-particle interactions as inferred from SCATHA
... seems to be a little larger than the local gyrofrequency. • Additional figures, including the original graph paper versions URSI 1984 ...
... seems to be a little larger than the local gyrofrequency. • Additional figures, including the original graph paper versions URSI 1984 ...
Characteristic Properties of Plasma
... A charge within an ionized gas attracts in its around charged particles of opposite sign. The electric potential which it induces, is given by Poisson's law: ...
... A charge within an ionized gas attracts in its around charged particles of opposite sign. The electric potential which it induces, is given by Poisson's law: ...
Spheromaks, solar prominences, and Alfvén instability of current
... hence the λ profile. However, most plasmas of interest (solar, magnetospheric, and laboratory) have insufficient resistivity for resistive tearing modes to be relevant because their growth rate is much too slow (hence the oft-used invocation of ‘anomalous’ resistivity). Observational evidence points ...
... hence the λ profile. However, most plasmas of interest (solar, magnetospheric, and laboratory) have insufficient resistivity for resistive tearing modes to be relevant because their growth rate is much too slow (hence the oft-used invocation of ‘anomalous’ resistivity). Observational evidence points ...
Single Particle Motion
... Finally we have the magnetic mirror. A particle moves from weak to strong field. B increases, so v ⊥ must increase to conserve µ. Then v || must decrease to conserve energy. If B is high enough at some place along the trajectory, then v || = 0, and the particle is reflected. A particle with small v ...
... Finally we have the magnetic mirror. A particle moves from weak to strong field. B increases, so v ⊥ must increase to conserve µ. Then v || must decrease to conserve energy. If B is high enough at some place along the trajectory, then v || = 0, and the particle is reflected. A particle with small v ...
Electrostatic probe measurement of the negative ion fraction in an
... at the edge of the SF6 plasma is due to negative ions. The electron temperature starts to noticeably diverge from 1V /5.1 in the transition layer and increases dramatically at the plasma edge, where 1V ≈ 0, indicating that the electron density is negligible. The increase in Te may be due to the pref ...
... at the edge of the SF6 plasma is due to negative ions. The electron temperature starts to noticeably diverge from 1V /5.1 in the transition layer and increases dramatically at the plasma edge, where 1V ≈ 0, indicating that the electron density is negligible. The increase in Te may be due to the pref ...
Lecture Notes in Physics Introduction to Plasma Physics Michael Gedalin
... In order to proceed further we should remember that, in addition to the density n, every gas has a temperature T , which is the measure of the random motion of the gas particles. Consider a gas of identical charged particles, each with the charge q. In order that this gas not disperser immediately w ...
... In order to proceed further we should remember that, in addition to the density n, every gas has a temperature T , which is the measure of the random motion of the gas particles. Consider a gas of identical charged particles, each with the charge q. In order that this gas not disperser immediately w ...
Two-dimensional simulations of hall thrusters
... Closed-Drift (Hall) thrusters constitute an important electric propulsion technology for certain applications requiring low thrust levels, e.g. satellite station keeping and orbit transfer (Gulczinski and Spores, 1996). The thrust in Hall thrusters is generated by ions being accelerated through an a ...
... Closed-Drift (Hall) thrusters constitute an important electric propulsion technology for certain applications requiring low thrust levels, e.g. satellite station keeping and orbit transfer (Gulczinski and Spores, 1996). The thrust in Hall thrusters is generated by ions being accelerated through an a ...
Assessment of a Numerical Approach Suitable for the M2P2
... to get close to the propellantless working principle, the plasma source should be an open system as plasma particles would enter the system from the poles where the particle's origin is either the source itself or the surrounding solar wind. In this sense one can probably identify a refuelling mode ...
... to get close to the propellantless working principle, the plasma source should be an open system as plasma particles would enter the system from the poles where the particle's origin is either the source itself or the surrounding solar wind. In this sense one can probably identify a refuelling mode ...
Production of negative hydrogen ions using a low
... weakly bound outer electron of the H− ion, but not to ionize the resulting hydrogen atom. A number of other applications like particle acceleration and solid state technology require high brightness negative ion sources. Almost all accelerators use partially ionized plasmas as devices for transporti ...
... weakly bound outer electron of the H− ion, but not to ionize the resulting hydrogen atom. A number of other applications like particle acceleration and solid state technology require high brightness negative ion sources. Almost all accelerators use partially ionized plasmas as devices for transporti ...
Grafting of Chemical Groups onto Polymers by Means of RF
... previously plasma-grafted with oxygen-containing groups, -COOH among them [14, 471. Heparin- and HyalS3.g-immobilized samples show higher anticoagulant character respect to the unmodified polymer. Due to its anti-thromboticanticoagulant character, heparin is widely used in the treatment of cardiovas ...
... previously plasma-grafted with oxygen-containing groups, -COOH among them [14, 471. Heparin- and HyalS3.g-immobilized samples show higher anticoagulant character respect to the unmodified polymer. Due to its anti-thromboticanticoagulant character, heparin is widely used in the treatment of cardiovas ...
Electron acceleration and parallel electric fields due to kinetic Alfvén
... due to both electron inertia and electron pressure effects. The simulation demonstrates that electrons can be accelerated to keV energies in a modest amplitude wave. We compare the parallel electric field obtained from the simulation with those provided by fluid approximations. ...
... due to both electron inertia and electron pressure effects. The simulation demonstrates that electrons can be accelerated to keV energies in a modest amplitude wave. We compare the parallel electric field obtained from the simulation with those provided by fluid approximations. ...
One-dimensional Electromagnetic Particle Code: KEMPO1
... – 3D plots of transverse fields (E y , E z ), (B y , Bz ), and perpendicular particle velocities (Vy , Vz ) along the x-axis. The transverse scales for velocities, electric fields, and magnetic fields, are normalized by Vmax , E max , and Bmax , respectively. – Wavenumber spectrum of E x (k), E y (k ...
... – 3D plots of transverse fields (E y , E z ), (B y , Bz ), and perpendicular particle velocities (Vy , Vz ) along the x-axis. The transverse scales for velocities, electric fields, and magnetic fields, are normalized by Vmax , E max , and Bmax , respectively. – Wavenumber spectrum of E x (k), E y (k ...
The dynamics of a laser produced heavy ion plasma.
... mass is so much smaller than that energy required to ionize the atoms, it is safe to assume for one of the initial con- ...
... mass is so much smaller than that energy required to ionize the atoms, it is safe to assume for one of the initial con- ...
Plasma (physics)
Plasma (from Greek πλάσμα, ""anything formed"") is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. A plasma has properties unlike those of the other states.A plasma can be created by heating a gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator. This decreases or increases the number of electrons, creating positive or negative charged particles called ions, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present.The presence of a significant number of charge carriers makes plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. Like gas, plasma does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless enclosed in a container. Unlike gas, under the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments, beams and double layers.Plasma is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the Universe (the only matter known to exist for sure, the more abundant dark matter is hypothetical and may or may not be explained by ordinary matter), most of which is in the rarefied intergalactic regions, particularly the intracluster medium, and in stars, including the Sun. A common form of plasmas on Earth is seen in neon signs.Much of the understanding of plasmas has come from the pursuit of controlled nuclear fusion and fusion power, for which plasma physics provides the scientific basis.