• - Laser
... two-fluid model, collisions are taken into account as an additional term, eineve, in the force equation [Kruer, 1988] where ei is the ion-electron collision frequency. It can be shown that, if the ions are considered as a fixed, neutralising background, the dispersion relation for the light wave i ...
... two-fluid model, collisions are taken into account as an additional term, eineve, in the force equation [Kruer, 1988] where ei is the ion-electron collision frequency. It can be shown that, if the ions are considered as a fixed, neutralising background, the dispersion relation for the light wave i ...
Linköping University Post Print The application of laser-driven proton beams to
... Data exemplifying the features observed are shown in the upper row of figure 3; as a rule of thumb, the electric fields are directed from the regions of a lighter gray color compared to the background (reduced proton flux) toward the regions of darker gray color (increased flux). Different phenomena ...
... Data exemplifying the features observed are shown in the upper row of figure 3; as a rule of thumb, the electric fields are directed from the regions of a lighter gray color compared to the background (reduced proton flux) toward the regions of darker gray color (increased flux). Different phenomena ...
Basic Study of the Electric Forces on a Glass Substrate in a Dry
... was used for XY recorders [1]. There were some reports of handling problem in using ESC [2, 3] for GaAs or Si wafers. However, no attempt has been made to investigate the force on the substrate caused by the ESC. Glass substrates are widely used in display devices. However, there have been few repor ...
... was used for XY recorders [1]. There were some reports of handling problem in using ESC [2, 3] for GaAs or Si wafers. However, no attempt has been made to investigate the force on the substrate caused by the ESC. Glass substrates are widely used in display devices. However, there have been few repor ...
Other Solar System Bodies
... that the moon spends part of its orbit inside the terrestrial magnetosphere, such that its interaction at these times is with the various magnetospheric fields and plasma populations discussed above, rather than the solar wind. Comets A comet nucleus is a relatively small body (~ a few 10’s of kilom ...
... that the moon spends part of its orbit inside the terrestrial magnetosphere, such that its interaction at these times is with the various magnetospheric fields and plasma populations discussed above, rather than the solar wind. Comets A comet nucleus is a relatively small body (~ a few 10’s of kilom ...
from a hot cathode (primary electrons), which originally form a beam of
... observable only when the current of primaries is raised to 10 milliamps. or more. It seemed that these oscillations must be regarded as compressional electric waves somewhat analogous to sound waves. Except near the electrodes, where there are sheaths containing very few electrons, the ionized gas c ...
... observable only when the current of primaries is raised to 10 milliamps. or more. It seemed that these oscillations must be regarded as compressional electric waves somewhat analogous to sound waves. Except near the electrodes, where there are sheaths containing very few electrons, the ionized gas c ...
Study of Propagation of Ion Acoustic Waves in Argon
... 1) The calculation of electron temperature by IAW propagation studies Figure 3 to Figure 8 and by Langmuir probe techniques Figure 1 indicate that the two values are in fair agreement. However Te calculated from Langmuir probe techniques is slightly more (10 to 15%) than that calculated by IAW prop ...
... 1) The calculation of electron temperature by IAW propagation studies Figure 3 to Figure 8 and by Langmuir probe techniques Figure 1 indicate that the two values are in fair agreement. However Te calculated from Langmuir probe techniques is slightly more (10 to 15%) than that calculated by IAW prop ...
from a hot cathode (primary electrons), which
... observable only when the current of primaries is raised to 10 milliamps. or more. It seemed that these oscillations must be regarded as compressional electric waves somewhat analogous to sound waves. Except near the electrodes, where there are sheaths containing very few electrons, the ionized gas c ...
... observable only when the current of primaries is raised to 10 milliamps. or more. It seemed that these oscillations must be regarded as compressional electric waves somewhat analogous to sound waves. Except near the electrodes, where there are sheaths containing very few electrons, the ionized gas c ...
Dynamical aspects of optical acceleration and
... Fortunately, when a laser or charged particle beam is sent through a plasma, interaction with the plasma can create a longitudinal electric field. The process works in this way: a plasma as a whole is electrically neutral, containing equal amounts of negative charge (electrons) and positive charge ( ...
... Fortunately, when a laser or charged particle beam is sent through a plasma, interaction with the plasma can create a longitudinal electric field. The process works in this way: a plasma as a whole is electrically neutral, containing equal amounts of negative charge (electrons) and positive charge ( ...
Acta Polytechnica
... is its main feature. The luminescence of the longitudinal crossover of EB in helium is blue, that can be related to high energy of electron beam (UA ∼ 1÷10 kV), which makes possible actuation the highest levels of helium atoms and ions. The form of current pulse (Fig. 4c) indicates the absence of fl ...
... is its main feature. The luminescence of the longitudinal crossover of EB in helium is blue, that can be related to high energy of electron beam (UA ∼ 1÷10 kV), which makes possible actuation the highest levels of helium atoms and ions. The form of current pulse (Fig. 4c) indicates the absence of fl ...
Kein Folientitel
... • Shear flow at magnetised plasma boundary may cause ripples on the surface that can grow......... • The rigidity of the field provides the dominat restoring force....... Consider shear flows (e.g., due to the solar wind) at a boundary, such as between Earth‘s magnetosheath and magnetopause. Linear ...
... • Shear flow at magnetised plasma boundary may cause ripples on the surface that can grow......... • The rigidity of the field provides the dominat restoring force....... Consider shear flows (e.g., due to the solar wind) at a boundary, such as between Earth‘s magnetosheath and magnetopause. Linear ...
Lecture Notes in Physics Introduction to Plasma Physics Michael Gedalin
... In order to proceed further we should remember that, in addition to the density n, every gas has a temperature T , which is the measure of the random motion of the gas particles. Consider a gas of identical charged particles, each with the charge q. In order that this gas not disperser immediately w ...
... In order to proceed further we should remember that, in addition to the density n, every gas has a temperature T , which is the measure of the random motion of the gas particles. Consider a gas of identical charged particles, each with the charge q. In order that this gas not disperser immediately w ...
88JA03629 - Purdue Physics
... Kivelson [1987]. For example, where centrifugal forcesdominate, the Hamiltonian H is independent of particle energy and is a monotonically decreasing function of radial distance. Then, the condition for stability (27) is that the integral over It where the integrals are taken over the flux tube. Now ...
... Kivelson [1987]. For example, where centrifugal forcesdominate, the Hamiltonian H is independent of particle energy and is a monotonically decreasing function of radial distance. Then, the condition for stability (27) is that the integral over It where the integrals are taken over the flux tube. Now ...
Keio University
... ・The purpose of our study is to clarify the physical mechanism of beam halo formation, especially the relation between the meniscus and beam halo, in order to suppress the heat load due to the direct interception of negative ion beams. ・We have succeeded in the integrated modeling of negative ion be ...
... ・The purpose of our study is to clarify the physical mechanism of beam halo formation, especially the relation between the meniscus and beam halo, in order to suppress the heat load due to the direct interception of negative ion beams. ・We have succeeded in the integrated modeling of negative ion be ...
PPS - School of Physics
... When a=5m, =2g/cm3 and fr12P (P~0.2Torr), К( i ) is one order higher than thermal dust energy To0.02eV at room temperature for >10-3 (r/Zoo>0.002cm-1, A=0.5cm) Increasing gas pressure up to P=5Torr or decreasing particle radius to a=2m, К( i )/To >10 for >10-2 (r/Zoo>0.02cm-1, A=0.5cm). ...
... When a=5m, =2g/cm3 and fr12P (P~0.2Torr), К( i ) is one order higher than thermal dust energy To0.02eV at room temperature for >10-3 (r/Zoo>0.002cm-1, A=0.5cm) Increasing gas pressure up to P=5Torr or decreasing particle radius to a=2m, К( i )/To >10 for >10-2 (r/Zoo>0.02cm-1, A=0.5cm). ...
Effect of Landau quantization on the equations of state in dense
... The crucial factor appears to be the temperature profile at this point. The study of the background electron temperature under these conditions is a topic of active study. Modeling of these conditions relies upon the accurate calculation of the electric and magnetic fields associated with the fast e ...
... The crucial factor appears to be the temperature profile at this point. The study of the background electron temperature under these conditions is a topic of active study. Modeling of these conditions relies upon the accurate calculation of the electric and magnetic fields associated with the fast e ...
Solitary Waves and Enhanced Incoherent Scatter Ion Lines
... sphere corresponds to g & 1 and is called the plasma approximation, where collective behaviour dominates over the effects of individual particles. Since the collision frequency decreases with decreasing density and increasing temperature, it is seen from (2.5) that g → 0 corresponds to a low collisi ...
... sphere corresponds to g & 1 and is called the plasma approximation, where collective behaviour dominates over the effects of individual particles. Since the collision frequency decreases with decreasing density and increasing temperature, it is seen from (2.5) that g → 0 corresponds to a low collisi ...
Chapter 2 Solutions
... electrons, accelerated in the existing field, ionize an argon atom generating a second free electron and a positive ion for each successful strike. Both free electrons reenergize, creating an avalanche of ions and electrons that results in a gas breakdown or a DC plasma. Once equilibrium is reached, ...
... electrons, accelerated in the existing field, ionize an argon atom generating a second free electron and a positive ion for each successful strike. Both free electrons reenergize, creating an avalanche of ions and electrons that results in a gas breakdown or a DC plasma. Once equilibrium is reached, ...
the plasma mantle - The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics
... studying the properties of the environment surrounding the Earth at distances well above the ionosphere. This article focuses on a description of the enormous potential of those platforms, especially when they are combined with other means of measurement, such as ground-based stations and other sate ...
... studying the properties of the environment surrounding the Earth at distances well above the ionosphere. This article focuses on a description of the enormous potential of those platforms, especially when they are combined with other means of measurement, such as ground-based stations and other sate ...
Linköping University Post Print Simulation study of the filamentation of
... If a plasma is initially free of any net current, but if it has a nonequilibrium particle velocity distribution, then it can support the growth of magnetic fields through the redistribution of currents in space. This has been demonstrated first by Weibel [1] for a plasma with a bi-Maxwellian electro ...
... If a plasma is initially free of any net current, but if it has a nonequilibrium particle velocity distribution, then it can support the growth of magnetic fields through the redistribution of currents in space. This has been demonstrated first by Weibel [1] for a plasma with a bi-Maxwellian electro ...
Collimation and guiding of fast electrons in laser
... background plasma, when the plasma is Ohmically heated by the fast electron current the background plasma temperature must therefore be modulated as well. In the regime of Spitzer resistivity this implies that regions of high electron density will become more resistive than regions of lower electron ...
... background plasma, when the plasma is Ohmically heated by the fast electron current the background plasma temperature must therefore be modulated as well. In the regime of Spitzer resistivity this implies that regions of high electron density will become more resistive than regions of lower electron ...
Plasma Electrodynamics and Applications A. Bers, A. Ram
... wave structure needs to be placed inside the plasma beyond the slow X-mode cutoff so as not to couple any power to this mode. For NSTX-type parameters and f = 15 GHz, the coupling structure needs to be only a few millimeters inside the plasma near the edge. The EBW wave impedance is then approximate ...
... wave structure needs to be placed inside the plasma beyond the slow X-mode cutoff so as not to couple any power to this mode. For NSTX-type parameters and f = 15 GHz, the coupling structure needs to be only a few millimeters inside the plasma near the edge. The EBW wave impedance is then approximate ...
vol 2 No 2.8 2005
... with it was one that searched for charged particles in the upper atmosphere. When the data were collected and reviewed under the direction of James A. Van Allen (University of Iowa), a region of high energy charged particles was detected. The charged particles in the Van Allen belts are trapped in t ...
... with it was one that searched for charged particles in the upper atmosphere. When the data were collected and reviewed under the direction of James A. Van Allen (University of Iowa), a region of high energy charged particles was detected. The charged particles in the Van Allen belts are trapped in t ...
Lecture 5 : Particle motion
... When the magnetic field strength is a function of position the Lorentz force varies over the orbit Taking two points A and B ...
... When the magnetic field strength is a function of position the Lorentz force varies over the orbit Taking two points A and B ...
Plasma (physics)
Plasma (from Greek πλάσμα, ""anything formed"") is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. A plasma has properties unlike those of the other states.A plasma can be created by heating a gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator. This decreases or increases the number of electrons, creating positive or negative charged particles called ions, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present.The presence of a significant number of charge carriers makes plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. Like gas, plasma does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless enclosed in a container. Unlike gas, under the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments, beams and double layers.Plasma is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the Universe (the only matter known to exist for sure, the more abundant dark matter is hypothetical and may or may not be explained by ordinary matter), most of which is in the rarefied intergalactic regions, particularly the intracluster medium, and in stars, including the Sun. A common form of plasmas on Earth is seen in neon signs.Much of the understanding of plasmas has come from the pursuit of controlled nuclear fusion and fusion power, for which plasma physics provides the scientific basis.