Footprints of climate change on Mediterranean Sea biota
... A large number of impacts of warming on Mediterranean biota have been reported since year 1950, but 90% of them have been observed after 1987 (Figure 5). Most (61%) event-based biological impacts occurred in years 1994–1995, 1999, and 2003 ...
... A large number of impacts of warming on Mediterranean biota have been reported since year 1950, but 90% of them have been observed after 1987 (Figure 5). Most (61%) event-based biological impacts occurred in years 1994–1995, 1999, and 2003 ...
Cold induces acute stress but heat is ultimately more deleterious for
... was documented to occur under heat stress as well26. Short-term cold stress (#18 h) in Montipora digitata affects maximum quantum yield, dinoflagellate density and chlorophyll a concentration, which could reflect the organism’s ability for rapid photoacclimation since the responses were dependent on ...
... was documented to occur under heat stress as well26. Short-term cold stress (#18 h) in Montipora digitata affects maximum quantum yield, dinoflagellate density and chlorophyll a concentration, which could reflect the organism’s ability for rapid photoacclimation since the responses were dependent on ...
Analyzing Urban Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change: A
... emissions. Cities occupy two percent of the world’s land mass and contribute more than twothirds of global GHG emissions. But cities should not only be blamed for their role as problem causers. They can also contribute substantially to problem-solving. The analysis of mega-cities as key areas of res ...
... emissions. Cities occupy two percent of the world’s land mass and contribute more than twothirds of global GHG emissions. But cities should not only be blamed for their role as problem causers. They can also contribute substantially to problem-solving. The analysis of mega-cities as key areas of res ...
Health Aspects of Climate Change in Cities with Mediterranean
... locations such as shaded balconies, courtyards, and outdoor restaurants [29]. These cultural behaviors increase the potential for contact with mosquitoes that may be vectors for infectious diseases. All the characteristics above make the residents of the Med-cities susceptible to the impacts of clim ...
... locations such as shaded balconies, courtyards, and outdoor restaurants [29]. These cultural behaviors increase the potential for contact with mosquitoes that may be vectors for infectious diseases. All the characteristics above make the residents of the Med-cities susceptible to the impacts of clim ...
Research Article Environmetrics
... A key question in the climate change literature is as follows: How does the earth’s global temperature depend on the concentration of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere? This dependency is often quantified by the climate sensitivity, which includes the climate feedbacks in the earth at ...
... A key question in the climate change literature is as follows: How does the earth’s global temperature depend on the concentration of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere? This dependency is often quantified by the climate sensitivity, which includes the climate feedbacks in the earth at ...
Climate finance for cities: how can climate funds best support low
... complicated challenge of retrofitting and adapting existing infrastructure in the more mature cities of the developed world (Dodman and Satterthwaite 2009). Decentralisation means that municipal governments across the developing world increasingly hold the levers to delivering the key services, such ...
... complicated challenge of retrofitting and adapting existing infrastructure in the more mature cities of the developed world (Dodman and Satterthwaite 2009). Decentralisation means that municipal governments across the developing world increasingly hold the levers to delivering the key services, such ...
The Relationship between Land–Ocean Surface Temperature
... forced experiment (CS09; Dommenget 2009, hereafter D09). Conversely, if a radiative forcing is applied to the GCM but ocean surface temperatures are fixed at control values, the land temperature will increase only very slightly (Hansen et al. 2002) (this is a ‘‘Hansen’’ experiment; see section 3). C ...
... forced experiment (CS09; Dommenget 2009, hereafter D09). Conversely, if a radiative forcing is applied to the GCM but ocean surface temperatures are fixed at control values, the land temperature will increase only very slightly (Hansen et al. 2002) (this is a ‘‘Hansen’’ experiment; see section 3). C ...
Neglecting the “Urban” in Bangladesh: research, policy and action in
... the distinction between the rural and urban poor is less so. Larger metropolitan centres have been the major destination for rural to urban migration, and many migrants retain close linkages with their rural villages. New ‘urban’ migrants must not be viewed as disconnected from rural economies: the ...
... the distinction between the rural and urban poor is less so. Larger metropolitan centres have been the major destination for rural to urban migration, and many migrants retain close linkages with their rural villages. New ‘urban’ migrants must not be viewed as disconnected from rural economies: the ...
Urbanization and Climate Change in Small iSland developing StateS
... States meeting in Samoa, September 2014................................................................. 6 Image 04: Big waves crushing on the shore of Praia Piscina, in the Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, during a severe storm......................................... 8 Image 05: The Maldives und ...
... States meeting in Samoa, September 2014................................................................. 6 Image 04: Big waves crushing on the shore of Praia Piscina, in the Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, during a severe storm......................................... 8 Image 05: The Maldives und ...
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)
... October with temperature reaching up to 42°C. During the winter months the temperature drops to about 9.6°C. The weather in Kolkata is influenced by the sea and has a very tropical type of climate with the summer being hot and humid. The maximum temperature rises during the summer months of May-June ...
... October with temperature reaching up to 42°C. During the winter months the temperature drops to about 9.6°C. The weather in Kolkata is influenced by the sea and has a very tropical type of climate with the summer being hot and humid. The maximum temperature rises during the summer months of May-June ...
2016: global heat record broken again
... lived in a year with temperatures at or below the global 20th century average. The world has experienced an unprecedented three consecutive hottest years (2014, 2015 and 2016) on record, while the last record cold year globally was over one hundred years ago in 1908 (NOAA 2017a). An increase in atmo ...
... lived in a year with temperatures at or below the global 20th century average. The world has experienced an unprecedented three consecutive hottest years (2014, 2015 and 2016) on record, while the last record cold year globally was over one hundred years ago in 1908 (NOAA 2017a). An increase in atmo ...
Spatial and temporal trends of mean and extreme
... S.M. Pingale et al. / Atmospheric Research 138 (2014) 73–90 ...
... S.M. Pingale et al. / Atmospheric Research 138 (2014) 73–90 ...
Observed groundwater temperature response to recent climate
... often time series of atmospheric temperatures can be represented more appropriately by models using breakpoints than by models assuming monotonic functions. Hence, we here apply a sequential t test analysis for regime shifts (STARS) to detect possible abrupt climate regime shifts (CRSs) in the tempe ...
... often time series of atmospheric temperatures can be represented more appropriately by models using breakpoints than by models assuming monotonic functions. Hence, we here apply a sequential t test analysis for regime shifts (STARS) to detect possible abrupt climate regime shifts (CRSs) in the tempe ...
Past and recent changes in air and permafrost temperatures in
... within the transect area from lower than − 16 °C in the Verkhoyansk region to − 8 °C near the southern limits of the transect. Permafrost temperatures at the depth of zero annual amplitude vary between − 14 °C and 0 °C (Fig. 2). The data include daily (for a limited number of stations), monthly, and ...
... within the transect area from lower than − 16 °C in the Verkhoyansk region to − 8 °C near the southern limits of the transect. Permafrost temperatures at the depth of zero annual amplitude vary between − 14 °C and 0 °C (Fig. 2). The data include daily (for a limited number of stations), monthly, and ...
Pedro DiNezio: Climate Response of the Equatorial Pacific to Global
... acronyms defined) do not perform flux correction. MRI CGCM2.3.2a performs flux adjustment for heat, water, and momentum; CCCma CGCM3.1 performs flux adjustment for heat and water; and INM-CM3.0 performs flux adjustment for water. Eleven models out of 22 submitted to CMIP3 are included in the ensembl ...
... acronyms defined) do not perform flux correction. MRI CGCM2.3.2a performs flux adjustment for heat, water, and momentum; CCCma CGCM3.1 performs flux adjustment for heat and water; and INM-CM3.0 performs flux adjustment for water. Eleven models out of 22 submitted to CMIP3 are included in the ensembl ...
Projected changes in temperature and heating degree
... warming scenarios over this period. Observed temperature trends in Australia, Victoria and Melbourne Australian average temperature increased by 0.89ºC (0.09ºC per decade) from 1910 to 2005. From 1950 to 2005, an accelerated increase in temperature has been observed in Australia. Australia’s average ...
... warming scenarios over this period. Observed temperature trends in Australia, Victoria and Melbourne Australian average temperature increased by 0.89ºC (0.09ºC per decade) from 1910 to 2005. From 1950 to 2005, an accelerated increase in temperature has been observed in Australia. Australia’s average ...
Climate Change Risk Analysis: Assessment of Future Natural
... 2013). In many urban areas vegetation is found scattered across the landscape creating pockets of green space. However, the urban landscape is dominated by contiguous sections of concrete and asphalt with clusters of large buildings that absorb heat, resulting in slightly warmer days and sustained w ...
... 2013). In many urban areas vegetation is found scattered across the landscape creating pockets of green space. However, the urban landscape is dominated by contiguous sections of concrete and asphalt with clusters of large buildings that absorb heat, resulting in slightly warmer days and sustained w ...
Phenological response of tundra plants to background climate
... The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) was designed in 1990 to test the sensitivity of high-latitude and alpine plant phenology and growth to increased temperature using a passive warming experiment [10]. A synthesis after the first 4 years of warming revealed that climate zones (high Arctic, lo ...
... The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) was designed in 1990 to test the sensitivity of high-latitude and alpine plant phenology and growth to increased temperature using a passive warming experiment [10]. A synthesis after the first 4 years of warming revealed that climate zones (high Arctic, lo ...
... and (2)) can be written for carbon and nitrogen fluxes (e.g. Parton et al ., 1987; Running and Coughlan, 1988). The carbon budget involves the assimilation of CO2 into carbohydrates within vegetation, the respiration of CO2 from plants and animals, decay of animal and plants, industrial and vehicula ...
On the relationship between metrics to compare greenhouse gases
... this feature later on in the paper and see how it results from the fact that the gases have significantly shorter and longer perturbation life times than CO2 . The estimates for the IGTP/GWP ratios as a function of the time horizon, H , for CH4 , N2 O and SF6 with CO2 as the reference gas, can be se ...
... this feature later on in the paper and see how it results from the fact that the gases have significantly shorter and longer perturbation life times than CO2 . The estimates for the IGTP/GWP ratios as a function of the time horizon, H , for CH4 , N2 O and SF6 with CO2 as the reference gas, can be se ...
50 years of urbanization in Africa: Assessing the role of climate change
... city income generally declines. In the empirical work, using intensity of nighttime urban lights to reflect changes in income, we find that decreased moisture leads to an increase in total city income for countries where towns are more likely to have an independent manufacturing base. However, in co ...
... city income generally declines. In the empirical work, using intensity of nighttime urban lights to reflect changes in income, we find that decreased moisture leads to an increase in total city income for countries where towns are more likely to have an independent manufacturing base. However, in co ...
Temperature variation makes ectotherms more sensitive to climate
... Ectotherms are considered to be particularly vulnerable to climate warming. Descriptions of habitat temperatures and predicted changes in climate usually consider mean monthly, seasonal or annual conditions. Ectotherms, however, do not simply experience mean conditions, but are exposed to daily fluc ...
... Ectotherms are considered to be particularly vulnerable to climate warming. Descriptions of habitat temperatures and predicted changes in climate usually consider mean monthly, seasonal or annual conditions. Ectotherms, however, do not simply experience mean conditions, but are exposed to daily fluc ...
print version
... 25 October 1999 0300 CDT and a light wind case (X symbols) 26 October 0300 CDT. Data were taken during the CASES-99 stable boundary layer experiment [Poulos et al., 2002]. winds can be huge with temperature changes of 6°C or more often occurring within 25 vertical meters of the surface (see Figure 1 ...
... 25 October 1999 0300 CDT and a light wind case (X symbols) 26 October 0300 CDT. Data were taken during the CASES-99 stable boundary layer experiment [Poulos et al., 2002]. winds can be huge with temperature changes of 6°C or more often occurring within 25 vertical meters of the surface (see Figure 1 ...
The impact of urban heat islands: assessing vulnerability in
... Asian Cities Climate Resilience ...
... Asian Cities Climate Resilience ...
Temporal trends and variability of daily maximum and
... understanding to recent climatic changes, but may also provide a historical analog that can be used to estimate the range of possible responses of the climatic system to global warming. [3] Houghton et al. [2001] showed schematically the effects of a constant and increasing variance on extreme tempe ...
... understanding to recent climatic changes, but may also provide a historical analog that can be used to estimate the range of possible responses of the climatic system to global warming. [3] Houghton et al. [2001] showed schematically the effects of a constant and increasing variance on extreme tempe ...
Urban heat island
An urban heat island (UHI) is a city or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. The phenomenon was first investigated and described by Luke Howard in the 1810s, although he was not the one to name the phenomenon. The temperature difference usually is larger at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak. UHI is most noticeable during the summer and winter. The main cause of the urban heat island effect is from the modification of land surfaces. Waste heat generated by energy usage is a secondary contributor. As a population center grows, it tends to expand its area and increase its average temperature. The less-used term heat island refers to any area, populated or not, which is consistently hotter than the surrounding area.Monthly rainfall is greater downwind of cities, partially due to the UHI. Increases in heat within urban centers increases the length of growing seasons, and decreases the occurrence of weak tornadoes. The UHI decreases air quality by increasing the production of pollutants such as ozone, and decreases water quality as warmer waters flow into area streams and put stress on their ecosystems.Not all cities have a distinct urban heat island. Mitigation of the urban heat island effect can be accomplished through the use of green roofs and the use of lighter-colored surfaces in urban areas, which reflect more sunlight and absorb less heat.There are concerns raised about possible contribution from urban heat islands to global warming. Research on China and India indicates that urban heat island effect contributes to climate warming by about 30%. On the other hand, one 1999 comparison between urban and rural areas proposed that the urban heat island effects have little influence on global mean temperature trends. Many studies reveal increases in the severity of the effect with the progress of climate change.