Responses of reference evapotranspiration to changes in
... also depends on these factors, but it also depends on biological factors such as plant growth, canopy structure and stomatal responses to the environment. Small changes in evapotranspiration can have important consequences in arid climates. For example, Goyal (2004) reported that a 1% temperature in ...
... also depends on these factors, but it also depends on biological factors such as plant growth, canopy structure and stomatal responses to the environment. Small changes in evapotranspiration can have important consequences in arid climates. For example, Goyal (2004) reported that a 1% temperature in ...
Climate change, extreme weather events, air pollution and respiratory health in Europe
... resulting from the implementation of the emission control legislation adopted in each country and energetic sector improvements; on the other hand, climate change effects, in most cases leading to an increase in pollution levels [10]. The correlation between climate and air quality is noteworthy for ...
... resulting from the implementation of the emission control legislation adopted in each country and energetic sector improvements; on the other hand, climate change effects, in most cases leading to an increase in pollution levels [10]. The correlation between climate and air quality is noteworthy for ...
analysis of land skin temperature using avhrr observations
... globe, because it is a function of soil and vegetation conditions. In general, emissivity is approximately 0.95–0.97 for vegetated areas and 0.8–0.95 for most of the bare soil areas. In addition, evident seasonality is observed at emissivity fields (JL03). Utilizing MODIS-based emissivity in the LST ...
... globe, because it is a function of soil and vegetation conditions. In general, emissivity is approximately 0.95–0.97 for vegetated areas and 0.8–0.95 for most of the bare soil areas. In addition, evident seasonality is observed at emissivity fields (JL03). Utilizing MODIS-based emissivity in the LST ...
Full Text - Oxford Academic
... Background: Global climate change is expected to increase the risk of diarrhoeal diseases, a leading cause of childhood mortality. However, there is considerable uncertainty about the magnitude of these effects and which populations bear the greatest risks. Methods: We conducted a systematic review ...
... Background: Global climate change is expected to increase the risk of diarrhoeal diseases, a leading cause of childhood mortality. However, there is considerable uncertainty about the magnitude of these effects and which populations bear the greatest risks. Methods: We conducted a systematic review ...
Observed relationships of ozone air pollution with temperature and
... restricted to a narrower range of ozone values. However, the daylight-only data show a decline in CPF after 2002 similar in magnitude to that found when all data are considered. Table S1 of the auxiliary material illustrates the sensitivity of CPF to time of day. Applying the CPF reported here to ot ...
... restricted to a narrower range of ozone values. However, the daylight-only data show a decline in CPF after 2002 similar in magnitude to that found when all data are considered. Table S1 of the auxiliary material illustrates the sensitivity of CPF to time of day. Applying the CPF reported here to ot ...
Print - Science Advances
... that include average temperature range, precipitation anomalies, cloud cover, and humidity [with cloud cover and humidity data drawn from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Reanalysis 2 project (28)]. We included these other meteorological variables because their exclusion migh ...
... that include average temperature range, precipitation anomalies, cloud cover, and humidity [with cloud cover and humidity data drawn from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Reanalysis 2 project (28)]. We included these other meteorological variables because their exclusion migh ...
Expected changes in future temperature extremes
... screened through a correlation analysis with daily maximum (minimum) temperature at each of the 13 stations. Furthermore, experiences and recommendations from similar studies in China and neighboring regions were also taken into account (Anandhi et al., 2009; Chu et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2012). Si ...
... screened through a correlation analysis with daily maximum (minimum) temperature at each of the 13 stations. Furthermore, experiences and recommendations from similar studies in China and neighboring regions were also taken into account (Anandhi et al., 2009; Chu et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2012). Si ...
Empirical evidence for Thailand surface temperature changes and
... 1970s have been in phase with the persistent and exceptionally strong warm phase of ENSO cycles. Furthermore, the EOF1 coefficient series of T min and T amin have monotonically increased at a faster rate than those of T max , and T amax since the mid 1950s that resemble the greenhouse warming finger ...
... 1970s have been in phase with the persistent and exceptionally strong warm phase of ENSO cycles. Furthermore, the EOF1 coefficient series of T min and T amin have monotonically increased at a faster rate than those of T max , and T amax since the mid 1950s that resemble the greenhouse warming finger ...
Asymmetric Trends of Daily Maximum and Minimum Temperature
... data that have been made accessible to the interna- previous analyses have now been analyzed here and tional community, by national meteorological or cli- elsewhere. Additional data include the eastern half of mate data centers throughout the world, do not nor- Australia, Sudan, Japan, Denmark, nort ...
... data that have been made accessible to the interna- previous analyses have now been analyzed here and tional community, by national meteorological or cli- elsewhere. Additional data include the eastern half of mate data centers throughout the world, do not nor- Australia, Sudan, Japan, Denmark, nort ...
SUBREGIONAL CLIMATE ACTION PLAN ADAPTATION AND
... communities’ abilities to adapt to the four hazards identified in this document. For example, communities with older homes that lack modern insulation and air conditioning features are more vulnerable to increases in extreme heat than communities with newer homes. Similarly, local governments with r ...
... communities’ abilities to adapt to the four hazards identified in this document. For example, communities with older homes that lack modern insulation and air conditioning features are more vulnerable to increases in extreme heat than communities with newer homes. Similarly, local governments with r ...
Regional temperature change over the HuangHuaiHai Plain of
... ABSTRACT: Irrigation and urbanization, two widely occurring land-use/land-cover changes, have important influences on regional climate, especially on temperature. The effect of irrigation and urbanization on temperature is separately documented in several studies. However, there are few studies anal ...
... ABSTRACT: Irrigation and urbanization, two widely occurring land-use/land-cover changes, have important influences on regional climate, especially on temperature. The effect of irrigation and urbanization on temperature is separately documented in several studies. However, there are few studies anal ...
(2012), Global warming preceded by increasing carbon dioxide
... stack had reached interglacial levels while nearly one-third of the excess global ice still remained, although we note that any ice-driven warming would have been partly offset by decreasing greenhouse gas forcing (Fig. 3c and Supplementary Fig. 29a). The apparently small influence of ice-sheet forc ...
... stack had reached interglacial levels while nearly one-third of the excess global ice still remained, although we note that any ice-driven warming would have been partly offset by decreasing greenhouse gas forcing (Fig. 3c and Supplementary Fig. 29a). The apparently small influence of ice-sheet forc ...
Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change in Berlin – AFOK
... Adaptation to climate change – a challenge for Berlin Since the beginning of industrialisation, the Global Mean Temperature (GMT) has been gradually rising. Scientific research has shown that humankind is responsible for the major part of this increase. Therefore, it is called anthropogenic - caused ...
... Adaptation to climate change – a challenge for Berlin Since the beginning of industrialisation, the Global Mean Temperature (GMT) has been gradually rising. Scientific research has shown that humankind is responsible for the major part of this increase. Therefore, it is called anthropogenic - caused ...
Seasonal Variations in Diurnal Temperature Range From Satellites
... (Ts ) and compared with weather-station observations based on Ta . Geographical and seasonal differences were identified in both ground- and satellite-derived DTRs. Estimates of DTR from station-observed air temperature represent all-sky conditions while satellite estimates of DTR from surface skin ...
... (Ts ) and compared with weather-station observations based on Ta . Geographical and seasonal differences were identified in both ground- and satellite-derived DTRs. Estimates of DTR from station-observed air temperature represent all-sky conditions while satellite estimates of DTR from surface skin ...
the urban transition in ghana
... economic crisis of the late 1970’s and early 1980’s with its devastating effect on urban real incomes, net internal migration to the towns and cities shrank to a mere 18% of urban growth during 1970-1984 (Benneh et.al, 1990, p.39). Similar conclusions have been drawn from the evidence of other Afri ...
... economic crisis of the late 1970’s and early 1980’s with its devastating effect on urban real incomes, net internal migration to the towns and cities shrank to a mere 18% of urban growth during 1970-1984 (Benneh et.al, 1990, p.39). Similar conclusions have been drawn from the evidence of other Afri ...
allele frequency shifts in response to climate change and
... to extremely cold temperatures. They may also protect an insect from subsequent heat stress. However, the relationship between heat and cold tolerance has not been examined for an organism experiencing both high and low stressful temperatures in rapid succession in nature. This is unfortunate, becau ...
... to extremely cold temperatures. They may also protect an insect from subsequent heat stress. However, the relationship between heat and cold tolerance has not been examined for an organism experiencing both high and low stressful temperatures in rapid succession in nature. This is unfortunate, becau ...
The temperature regimes of dry-season
... The waterhole temperature model requires daily weather data, which were obtained for each of the waterhole locations from the SILO database (https://www.longpaddock .qld.gov.au/silo/). The SILO database consists of interpolated meteorological variables on a 0.05° (∼5 km) grid for the whole of Austra ...
... The waterhole temperature model requires daily weather data, which were obtained for each of the waterhole locations from the SILO database (https://www.longpaddock .qld.gov.au/silo/). The SILO database consists of interpolated meteorological variables on a 0.05° (∼5 km) grid for the whole of Austra ...
Assessing resilience of the Nile Delta urban
... deal with environmental risks in general or climate change risks in particular (IGS, Undated; FAO, Undated; Rose, 2013). In order to quantify urban resilience rather than conducting generic resilience assessment, in the case of the Nile Delta , a preliminary composite index was developed to integrat ...
... deal with environmental risks in general or climate change risks in particular (IGS, Undated; FAO, Undated; Rose, 2013). In order to quantify urban resilience rather than conducting generic resilience assessment, in the case of the Nile Delta , a preliminary composite index was developed to integrat ...
Climate Change and Cherry Tree Blossom Festivals in
... by late flowering years, but on the whole this around the world are awaiting the published was the warmest average period. From 1400 results of his new work. to the mid 1500s, temperatures were variable, but they appear to have declined slightly on Cherry Tree Flowering Affected by average. Certain d ...
... by late flowering years, but on the whole this around the world are awaiting the published was the warmest average period. From 1400 results of his new work. to the mid 1500s, temperatures were variable, but they appear to have declined slightly on Cherry Tree Flowering Affected by average. Certain d ...
Assessing Climate Risks to Low Carbon Urban Projects
... structures, demography, environmental degradation, poverty and inequality. Policy tools for urban and country planning should incorporate climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation and disaster risk management considerations and good practice. Decision making gaps between policy formulatio ...
... structures, demography, environmental degradation, poverty and inequality. Policy tools for urban and country planning should incorporate climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation and disaster risk management considerations and good practice. Decision making gaps between policy formulatio ...
New Observations Show - The Science and Public Policy Institute
... tropics, the troposphere should warm about 1.5 times more than the surface. This tropical hot spot has not happened. According to Dr Roy Spencer, at University of Alabama, Huntsville, “1998 still leads with the daily average for 1 Jan to 30 June being +0.64 C in 1998 compared with +0.56 C for 2010. ...
... tropics, the troposphere should warm about 1.5 times more than the surface. This tropical hot spot has not happened. According to Dr Roy Spencer, at University of Alabama, Huntsville, “1998 still leads with the daily average for 1 Jan to 30 June being +0.64 C in 1998 compared with +0.56 C for 2010. ...
Urbanisation Challenges in the Himalayan Region in the Context of
... country of India’s size and diversity. States need to be mandated to set up their own disaster relief forces to reduce dependence NDRF as well as to assist neighboring states in case of need. Equally important are preventive measures like disaster proof infrastructure, enforcement of building regula ...
... country of India’s size and diversity. States need to be mandated to set up their own disaster relief forces to reduce dependence NDRF as well as to assist neighboring states in case of need. Equally important are preventive measures like disaster proof infrastructure, enforcement of building regula ...
Temperature and trophic structure are driving microbial productivity
... to local adaptation at the species-level (Kawecki and Ebert 2004) and species-sorting at the community-level (Leibold et al. 2004), and it should significantly underperform as it moves away from this optimal temperature. Consequently, it can be predicted that ecosystem functioning will decline when a ...
... to local adaptation at the species-level (Kawecki and Ebert 2004) and species-sorting at the community-level (Leibold et al. 2004), and it should significantly underperform as it moves away from this optimal temperature. Consequently, it can be predicted that ecosystem functioning will decline when a ...
Climate Change and the Urban Environment
... Urban impacts on the natural aquatic environment are currently more profound than that associated with climate change. Nevertheless these two emerging challenges are not mutually exclusive. Protecting the environment from which water is diverted for urban consumption, and to which treated waste-wate ...
... Urban impacts on the natural aquatic environment are currently more profound than that associated with climate change. Nevertheless these two emerging challenges are not mutually exclusive. Protecting the environment from which water is diverted for urban consumption, and to which treated waste-wate ...
Looking Up - How Green Roofs and Cool Roofs Can Reduce
... our urban and suburban environment. First, urbanization and development transform landscapes into impervious surfaces, increasing the volume of runoff that results from precipitation. More runoff means more pollution carried by stormwater to our rivers, lakes, and beaches. Second, climate change, br ...
... our urban and suburban environment. First, urbanization and development transform landscapes into impervious surfaces, increasing the volume of runoff that results from precipitation. More runoff means more pollution carried by stormwater to our rivers, lakes, and beaches. Second, climate change, br ...
Urban heat island
An urban heat island (UHI) is a city or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. The phenomenon was first investigated and described by Luke Howard in the 1810s, although he was not the one to name the phenomenon. The temperature difference usually is larger at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak. UHI is most noticeable during the summer and winter. The main cause of the urban heat island effect is from the modification of land surfaces. Waste heat generated by energy usage is a secondary contributor. As a population center grows, it tends to expand its area and increase its average temperature. The less-used term heat island refers to any area, populated or not, which is consistently hotter than the surrounding area.Monthly rainfall is greater downwind of cities, partially due to the UHI. Increases in heat within urban centers increases the length of growing seasons, and decreases the occurrence of weak tornadoes. The UHI decreases air quality by increasing the production of pollutants such as ozone, and decreases water quality as warmer waters flow into area streams and put stress on their ecosystems.Not all cities have a distinct urban heat island. Mitigation of the urban heat island effect can be accomplished through the use of green roofs and the use of lighter-colored surfaces in urban areas, which reflect more sunlight and absorb less heat.There are concerns raised about possible contribution from urban heat islands to global warming. Research on China and India indicates that urban heat island effect contributes to climate warming by about 30%. On the other hand, one 1999 comparison between urban and rural areas proposed that the urban heat island effects have little influence on global mean temperature trends. Many studies reveal increases in the severity of the effect with the progress of climate change.