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... Global climate change is expected to alter the temperature, precipitation, water availability, and carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere in ways that will affect the productivity of crop and livestock systems (Hatfield et al., 2008). For livestock, climate change could affect the costs and returns ...
... Global climate change is expected to alter the temperature, precipitation, water availability, and carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere in ways that will affect the productivity of crop and livestock systems (Hatfield et al., 2008). For livestock, climate change could affect the costs and returns ...
Climate and the Tropical Oceans - LDEO Climate Group
... feedbacks between the ocean and subtropical marine stratus clouds and the water vapor greenhouse effect. In this model, the results are the same whether the ocean heat transports are determined interactively or are fixed. Some recent studies have suggested that an increased meridional overturning in ...
... feedbacks between the ocean and subtropical marine stratus clouds and the water vapor greenhouse effect. In this model, the results are the same whether the ocean heat transports are determined interactively or are fixed. Some recent studies have suggested that an increased meridional overturning in ...
Role of winter temperature and climate change on the survival and
... infestations despite the insect having been present in Massachusetts for 17 years. At the northern range of adelgid in New England, cold winters are thought to explain the observed slow rate of spread of HWA and the long survival of infested hemlocks. Many field and laboratory studies have documente ...
... infestations despite the insect having been present in Massachusetts for 17 years. At the northern range of adelgid in New England, cold winters are thought to explain the observed slow rate of spread of HWA and the long survival of infested hemlocks. Many field and laboratory studies have documente ...
Urban vulnerability and the contribution of socio
... show evidence of interrelations with other processes such as demographic, economic and land-use change. It is common knowledge that climate change has a direct effect on the living conditions of countless people, and by no means in developing countries only (IPCC, 2014). Hence the impacts of climate ...
... show evidence of interrelations with other processes such as demographic, economic and land-use change. It is common knowledge that climate change has a direct effect on the living conditions of countless people, and by no means in developing countries only (IPCC, 2014). Hence the impacts of climate ...
Potential surface temperature and shallow groundwater temperature
... Futhermore, the length of the growing season is expected to increase with an upward shift in the AT regime. Under a deciduous canopy, an increase in early-spring and late-fall foliation/defoliation could affect both thermal and hydrological processes by altering the amount of net radiation and evapo ...
... Futhermore, the length of the growing season is expected to increase with an upward shift in the AT regime. Under a deciduous canopy, an increase in early-spring and late-fall foliation/defoliation could affect both thermal and hydrological processes by altering the amount of net radiation and evapo ...
HEAT IN THE HEARTLAND: Climate Change and Economic Risk in
... »»Electricity demand will grow as households and businesses increase their use of air conditioning in response to temperature increases throughout the region. The Midwest in particular will see large energy cost increases due to expenditures associated with switching from heating demand to cooling d ...
... »»Electricity demand will grow as households and businesses increase their use of air conditioning in response to temperature increases throughout the region. The Midwest in particular will see large energy cost increases due to expenditures associated with switching from heating demand to cooling d ...
Weather Files and Future Climate
... This change in temperatures is due to the urban heat island effect, the reduction of green space and improved drainage coupled with an increase of surface area to absorb solar radiation results in urban areas being warmer than their surrounding rural areas. The urban heat island will be covered furt ...
... This change in temperatures is due to the urban heat island effect, the reduction of green space and improved drainage coupled with an increase of surface area to absorb solar radiation results in urban areas being warmer than their surrounding rural areas. The urban heat island will be covered furt ...
Trends of mean temperatures and warm extremes in northern
... Global Historical Climate Network (GHCN) daily and Global Summary of the Day (GSOD)). Previous analyses on tropical Africa included only few countries, especially in southern and eastern Africa [King’uyu et al., 2000; New et al., 2006; Aguilar et al., 2009], but also located in Arabic speaking count ...
... Global Historical Climate Network (GHCN) daily and Global Summary of the Day (GSOD)). Previous analyses on tropical Africa included only few countries, especially in southern and eastern Africa [King’uyu et al., 2000; New et al., 2006; Aguilar et al., 2009], but also located in Arabic speaking count ...
RESIN-D1.3-Conceptual Framework
... related processes. These represent two points of close connection between the two systems, which can also be referred to as the science-policy interface. The RESIN project involves close collaborative working between research partners and case study cities to develop and share knowledge on climate a ...
... related processes. These represent two points of close connection between the two systems, which can also be referred to as the science-policy interface. The RESIN project involves close collaborative working between research partners and case study cities to develop and share knowledge on climate a ...
Exposure to extreme heat and precipitation events associated with
... pollen, and thereby contribute to the “thunderstorm asthma” phenomenon [27, 28, 42, 43]. Furthermore, heavy rainfall events could alter the humidity in the environment and contribute to changes in airflow in the respiratory system that could further exacerbate asthma [23, 48, 49]. While our study di ...
... pollen, and thereby contribute to the “thunderstorm asthma” phenomenon [27, 28, 42, 43]. Furthermore, heavy rainfall events could alter the humidity in the environment and contribute to changes in airflow in the respiratory system that could further exacerbate asthma [23, 48, 49]. While our study di ...
Climate change and human health in cities
... due to prolonged droughts, which can create a burden for resources and social safety mechanisms of the receiving communities. There are a variety of modifying influences that can change exposures to extreme weather and climate change impacts or amplify or dampen their health effects. The IPCC chapte ...
... due to prolonged droughts, which can create a burden for resources and social safety mechanisms of the receiving communities. There are a variety of modifying influences that can change exposures to extreme weather and climate change impacts or amplify or dampen their health effects. The IPCC chapte ...
Addressing Climate Change in National Urban Policy
... List of NATIONAL URBAN POLICY BOXES Box 4. National Urban Policy Excerpt – Chile (2014)......................................................................................... 7 Box 6. National Urban Policy Excerpt: Germany (2012)..................................................................... ...
... List of NATIONAL URBAN POLICY BOXES Box 4. National Urban Policy Excerpt – Chile (2014)......................................................................................... 7 Box 6. National Urban Policy Excerpt: Germany (2012)..................................................................... ...
The geography of global urban greenhouse gas emissions: an
... transportation of vehicles not owned or controlled by the geographic entity, waste disposal activities not within the target area, and the GHG emissions embodied in the goods consumed within the urban areas (Schulz 2010). These indirect emissions can be significant. For example, a study of Denver fo ...
... transportation of vehicles not owned or controlled by the geographic entity, waste disposal activities not within the target area, and the GHG emissions embodied in the goods consumed within the urban areas (Schulz 2010). These indirect emissions can be significant. For example, a study of Denver fo ...
On the climate response of the low
... technical difficulties of measuring salinity (and precipitation/evaporation over ocean), there are relatively few observations with which to validate models. In an attempt to resolve some of these outstanding issues, this paper aims to investigate the mechanisms which maintain the mean salinity struct ...
... technical difficulties of measuring salinity (and precipitation/evaporation over ocean), there are relatively few observations with which to validate models. In an attempt to resolve some of these outstanding issues, this paper aims to investigate the mechanisms which maintain the mean salinity struct ...
Death by Degrees: Ohio - Physicians for Social Responsibility
... Cardiovascular disease, including coronary heart disease and stroke, is the leading cause of death in the United States. Higher average temperatures could further elevate this statistic. It is also possible that warmer winters could reduce the number of deaths in winter months, however experts agree ...
... Cardiovascular disease, including coronary heart disease and stroke, is the leading cause of death in the United States. Higher average temperatures could further elevate this statistic. It is also possible that warmer winters could reduce the number of deaths in winter months, however experts agree ...
Climate change impacts on groundwater and soil temperatures in
... intended to represent surficial climate change. Section 5 describes recent advances in the numerical modeling of groundwater flow and heat transport, particularly for hydrogeological systems that experience pore water freeze–thaw, and briefly lists several emerging models. Section 6 reviews recent stud ...
... intended to represent surficial climate change. Section 5 describes recent advances in the numerical modeling of groundwater flow and heat transport, particularly for hydrogeological systems that experience pore water freeze–thaw, and briefly lists several emerging models. Section 6 reviews recent stud ...
variations - US CLIVAR
... proposed as responsible for this Hiatus, ranging from internally generated climate variability related to various climate modes to changes in solar radiation, atmospheric water vapor, and aerosols, where the different ocean basins play a dominant role. In fact, some studies have suggested that there ...
... proposed as responsible for this Hiatus, ranging from internally generated climate variability related to various climate modes to changes in solar radiation, atmospheric water vapor, and aerosols, where the different ocean basins play a dominant role. In fact, some studies have suggested that there ...
Summer 2015
... proposed as responsible for this Hiatus, ranging from internally generated climate variability related to various climate modes to changes in solar radiation, atmospheric water vapor, and aerosols, where the different ocean basins play a dominant role. In fact, some studies have suggested that there ...
... proposed as responsible for this Hiatus, ranging from internally generated climate variability related to various climate modes to changes in solar radiation, atmospheric water vapor, and aerosols, where the different ocean basins play a dominant role. In fact, some studies have suggested that there ...
A Framework for Elucidating the Temperature Dependence of Fitness.
... components of virtually every community, playing such key roles as decomposers, pollinators, predators, and parasites, their responses to climate warming are likely to have significant effects on community structure and functioning. In ectotherms, fitness is strongly temperature dependent: increasin ...
... components of virtually every community, playing such key roles as decomposers, pollinators, predators, and parasites, their responses to climate warming are likely to have significant effects on community structure and functioning. In ectotherms, fitness is strongly temperature dependent: increasin ...
Urban poverty, food security and climate change
... there is a growing interest in food systems that encompass all dimensions from production to final consumption, most policy prescriptions focus on addressing rural food production and tend to neglect the crucial importance of access and affordability for low-income groups and more specifically for p ...
... there is a growing interest in food systems that encompass all dimensions from production to final consumption, most policy prescriptions focus on addressing rural food production and tend to neglect the crucial importance of access and affordability for low-income groups and more specifically for p ...
Temperature Affects Western Pond Turtle Development 1
... incubation temperatures were similar between different nests and at different levels ...
... incubation temperatures were similar between different nests and at different levels ...
SENSITIVITY OF TUNDRA CARBON BALANCE TO AMBIENT
... Abstract. Summer field observations in the north-east European region of Russia (1995–1996) proved that natural local and temporal warming could cause similar reversible changes of carbon (C) balance pattern of south tundra ecosystems. Thirty-six diurnal chamber measurements of carbon dioxide fluxes ...
... Abstract. Summer field observations in the north-east European region of Russia (1995–1996) proved that natural local and temporal warming could cause similar reversible changes of carbon (C) balance pattern of south tundra ecosystems. Thirty-six diurnal chamber measurements of carbon dioxide fluxes ...
The polar amplification asymmetry: role of Antarctic surface height
... reference period in the RCP4.5 radiative forcing stabilization scenario (Collins et al., 2013). The corresponding tropical warming under this scenario was 1.6 ± 0.4 K. The focus in explaining Arctic amplification has long been on the surface albedo (ALB) feedback and lack of vertical mixing (e.g., M ...
... reference period in the RCP4.5 radiative forcing stabilization scenario (Collins et al., 2013). The corresponding tropical warming under this scenario was 1.6 ± 0.4 K. The focus in explaining Arctic amplification has long been on the surface albedo (ALB) feedback and lack of vertical mixing (e.g., M ...
Impact of climate change on the dairy industry in temperate zones
... et al., 1990) regions have changed noticeably over the past several decades, and are characterized by more extreme events and seasonal changes such as, warmer summers and wetter and longer rainy season. It is widely predicted that warming will continue for centuries and will be associated in central ...
... et al., 1990) regions have changed noticeably over the past several decades, and are characterized by more extreme events and seasonal changes such as, warmer summers and wetter and longer rainy season. It is widely predicted that warming will continue for centuries and will be associated in central ...
Strengthening of the hydrological cycle in future scenarios
... which affects the projections of 1P with a very large uncertainty (Johns et al., 2011; Douville et al., 2006; Feichter et al., 2004). Therefore, the relationship between the increase in temperature and precipitation is highly uncertain and cannot be assumed a priori (Trenberth and Shea, 2005; Trenbe ...
... which affects the projections of 1P with a very large uncertainty (Johns et al., 2011; Douville et al., 2006; Feichter et al., 2004). Therefore, the relationship between the increase in temperature and precipitation is highly uncertain and cannot be assumed a priori (Trenberth and Shea, 2005; Trenbe ...
Urban heat island
An urban heat island (UHI) is a city or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. The phenomenon was first investigated and described by Luke Howard in the 1810s, although he was not the one to name the phenomenon. The temperature difference usually is larger at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak. UHI is most noticeable during the summer and winter. The main cause of the urban heat island effect is from the modification of land surfaces. Waste heat generated by energy usage is a secondary contributor. As a population center grows, it tends to expand its area and increase its average temperature. The less-used term heat island refers to any area, populated or not, which is consistently hotter than the surrounding area.Monthly rainfall is greater downwind of cities, partially due to the UHI. Increases in heat within urban centers increases the length of growing seasons, and decreases the occurrence of weak tornadoes. The UHI decreases air quality by increasing the production of pollutants such as ozone, and decreases water quality as warmer waters flow into area streams and put stress on their ecosystems.Not all cities have a distinct urban heat island. Mitigation of the urban heat island effect can be accomplished through the use of green roofs and the use of lighter-colored surfaces in urban areas, which reflect more sunlight and absorb less heat.There are concerns raised about possible contribution from urban heat islands to global warming. Research on China and India indicates that urban heat island effect contributes to climate warming by about 30%. On the other hand, one 1999 comparison between urban and rural areas proposed that the urban heat island effects have little influence on global mean temperature trends. Many studies reveal increases in the severity of the effect with the progress of climate change.