1 - Daikin
... energy efficiency: “Effizienz ist unsere Natur/Efficiency is our nature”. However, future climate change models project that the emission of current HFC-based refrigerants will increase substantially in the coming decades, primarily from a growing demand for air conditioners and refrigeration system ...
... energy efficiency: “Effizienz ist unsere Natur/Efficiency is our nature”. However, future climate change models project that the emission of current HFC-based refrigerants will increase substantially in the coming decades, primarily from a growing demand for air conditioners and refrigeration system ...
Building Climate Change Resilience in
... other forms of infrastructure; a high proportion are on sites at high risk from flooding or landslides. For most prosperous and well-governed cities, adaptation to the likely risks from climate change for the next few decades does not appear problematic. This centres on adapting buildings and infras ...
... other forms of infrastructure; a high proportion are on sites at high risk from flooding or landslides. For most prosperous and well-governed cities, adaptation to the likely risks from climate change for the next few decades does not appear problematic. This centres on adapting buildings and infras ...
Relative impacts of land use and climate change on summer
... (ARW, version 3.4.1) (Skamarock et al., 2008) on a single domain of 1000 × 1000 km (see Fig. 1). The model has a horizontal grid spacing of 2.5 km and the vertical grid contains 40 sigma levels. Atmospheric and surface boundary conditions are obtained from ERA-Interim every 6 h. Model output is stor ...
... (ARW, version 3.4.1) (Skamarock et al., 2008) on a single domain of 1000 × 1000 km (see Fig. 1). The model has a horizontal grid spacing of 2.5 km and the vertical grid contains 40 sigma levels. Atmospheric and surface boundary conditions are obtained from ERA-Interim every 6 h. Model output is stor ...
come heat and high water: climate risk in the southeastern us and
... overarching issues such as changes in labor productivity and heat-related mortality. This follow-up report focuses on the Southeast and Texas and offers a first step toward defining the range of potential economic consequences to this specific region if we continue on our current greenhouse gas emis ...
... overarching issues such as changes in labor productivity and heat-related mortality. This follow-up report focuses on the Southeast and Texas and offers a first step toward defining the range of potential economic consequences to this specific region if we continue on our current greenhouse gas emis ...
Extreme Temperatures and Precipitation in Europe
... HIRHAM. The results suggest a general trend towards higher temperatures at the end of the 21st century. The magnitude of the changes is, however, not uniform across Europe and varies between seasons. Higher winter temperatures are prevalent in Eastern Europe and in the Alps, while higher summer temp ...
... HIRHAM. The results suggest a general trend towards higher temperatures at the end of the 21st century. The magnitude of the changes is, however, not uniform across Europe and varies between seasons. Higher winter temperatures are prevalent in Eastern Europe and in the Alps, while higher summer temp ...
adaptation and the mortality effects of temperature across us climate
... climate regions and its implications for climate adaptation. Using exogenous variation in temperature and data on all elderly Medicare beneficiaries from 1992 – 2011, we show that the mortality effect of hot days is much larger in cool ZIP codes than in warm ones and that the opposite is true for co ...
... climate regions and its implications for climate adaptation. Using exogenous variation in temperature and data on all elderly Medicare beneficiaries from 1992 – 2011, we show that the mortality effect of hot days is much larger in cool ZIP codes than in warm ones and that the opposite is true for co ...
Temperature Shocks and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Last Half Century
... headway in exploring potential impacts of shifts in climate by examining medium-term temperature shifts within countries. Mean global land temperatures have risen nearly 1◦C since 1970 (Brohan et al. 2006), but countries have not warmed equally. We therefore examine whether those countries that expe ...
... headway in exploring potential impacts of shifts in climate by examining medium-term temperature shifts within countries. Mean global land temperatures have risen nearly 1◦C since 1970 (Brohan et al. 2006), but countries have not warmed equally. We therefore examine whether those countries that expe ...
Implications for Crop Production - DigitalCommons@University of
... increases the potential for decreasing quality of many crops and potential for disease infestation on grains. Solar radiation is a driving variable in crop production and there is a belief that as water vapor and cloud cover increase there will be a decrease in incoming solar radiation. Stanhill and ...
... increases the potential for decreasing quality of many crops and potential for disease infestation on grains. Solar radiation is a driving variable in crop production and there is a belief that as water vapor and cloud cover increase there will be a decrease in incoming solar radiation. Stanhill and ...
Adaptation to Climate Change: Evidence from US Agriculture September 30, 2013
... The question has been a theoretical focus since at least Samuelson (1947), but has gained particular recent salience in the study of the economics of global climate change. Mounting evidence that the global climate is changing (Meehl et al., 2007) has motivated a growing body of work seeking to unde ...
... The question has been a theoretical focus since at least Samuelson (1947), but has gained particular recent salience in the study of the economics of global climate change. Mounting evidence that the global climate is changing (Meehl et al., 2007) has motivated a growing body of work seeking to unde ...
HENRY N. POLLACK, PhD Professor of Geophysics
... Cercone, K.R., and Pollack, H.N., 1991. Thermal maturity of the Michigan Basin, in Early Sedimentary Evolution of the Michigan Basin. Geological Society of America Special Paper 256, pp. 1-12. Nyblade, A.A., Pollack, H.N., Jones, D.L., Podmore, F., and Mushayandebvu, M., 1990. Terrestrial heat flow ...
... Cercone, K.R., and Pollack, H.N., 1991. Thermal maturity of the Michigan Basin, in Early Sedimentary Evolution of the Michigan Basin. Geological Society of America Special Paper 256, pp. 1-12. Nyblade, A.A., Pollack, H.N., Jones, D.L., Podmore, F., and Mushayandebvu, M., 1990. Terrestrial heat flow ...
Adaptation to Climate Change: Evidence from US Agriculture
... run impacts. We also show limited evidence for adaptation along other margins within agriculture: revenues are similarly harmed by extreme heat exposure, and farmers do not appear to be substantially altering the inputs they use nor the crops they grow in response to a changing climate. We then exam ...
... run impacts. We also show limited evidence for adaptation along other margins within agriculture: revenues are similarly harmed by extreme heat exposure, and farmers do not appear to be substantially altering the inputs they use nor the crops they grow in response to a changing climate. We then exam ...
Climate change and stream temperature projections in the Columbia
... for predicting aquatic species’ responses to changes in climate and for guiding adaptation strategies. We use a hydrologic model coupled with a stream temperature model and downscaled general circulation model outputs to explore the spatially and temporally varying changes in stream temperature for ...
... for predicting aquatic species’ responses to changes in climate and for guiding adaptation strategies. We use a hydrologic model coupled with a stream temperature model and downscaled general circulation model outputs to explore the spatially and temporally varying changes in stream temperature for ...
Reproducing on Time When Temperature Varies: Shifts in the
... cycles so that hatching occurs when conditions are most favorable for growth and survival of their offspring [9–11]. Reproduction is often linked to environmental cycles with periods that are unaffected by changes in temperature, such as lunar, tidal, diurnal or seasonal photoperiod cycles. However, ...
... cycles so that hatching occurs when conditions are most favorable for growth and survival of their offspring [9–11]. Reproduction is often linked to environmental cycles with periods that are unaffected by changes in temperature, such as lunar, tidal, diurnal or seasonal photoperiod cycles. However, ...
Urban Areas and Climate Change: Review of Current Issues and
... Urban areas will be faced with increases in the frequency and intensity of heavy rain, storms, droughts, heat-waves and other extreme weather events. The urban centers that will be more at risk are those where these events are already widespread. However, with the expected increase in frequency and ...
... Urban areas will be faced with increases in the frequency and intensity of heavy rain, storms, droughts, heat-waves and other extreme weather events. The urban centers that will be more at risk are those where these events are already widespread. However, with the expected increase in frequency and ...
Acclimation of photosynthesis to different growth temperatures in
... temporary carbon sequestration has to be considered in the context of climate change. Being closely interwoven with climate, plants will not only be passively affected by altered environmental factors, but they will adjust to new conditions and vice versa influence the persistent climate. Thus, in o ...
... temporary carbon sequestration has to be considered in the context of climate change. Being closely interwoven with climate, plants will not only be passively affected by altered environmental factors, but they will adjust to new conditions and vice versa influence the persistent climate. Thus, in o ...
Amplification and dampening of soil respiration by changes in
... Abstract. Accelerated release of carbon from soils is one of the most important feedbacks related to anthropogenically induced climate change. Studies addressing the mechanisms for soil carbon release through organic matter decomposition have focused on the effect of changes in the average temperatu ...
... Abstract. Accelerated release of carbon from soils is one of the most important feedbacks related to anthropogenically induced climate change. Studies addressing the mechanisms for soil carbon release through organic matter decomposition have focused on the effect of changes in the average temperatu ...
Building Urban Resilience: Assessing Urban and Peri
... cities. The audience for these assessments includes national and city-level policymakers, sectoral experts and city planners, the research community, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that interface with urban farmers and other actors within the broader UPA sector. The UPA assessments are pa ...
... cities. The audience for these assessments includes national and city-level policymakers, sectoral experts and city planners, the research community, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that interface with urban farmers and other actors within the broader UPA sector. The UPA assessments are pa ...
Interactions between temperature and nutrients across levels of
... Temperature and nutrient availability play key roles in controlling the pathways and rates at which energy and materials move through ecosystems. These factors have also changed dramatically on Earth over the past century as human activities have intensified. Although significant effort has been dev ...
... Temperature and nutrient availability play key roles in controlling the pathways and rates at which energy and materials move through ecosystems. These factors have also changed dramatically on Earth over the past century as human activities have intensified. Although significant effort has been dev ...
MSc Thesis Report
... and concurrently acts as the fluid medium in global circulation. Together with spatially and temporarily varying insolation, the atmospheric characteristics enable a perpetual maintenance of the horizontal and vertical temperature gradients within the system, a clear indicator of disequilibrium. The ...
... and concurrently acts as the fluid medium in global circulation. Together with spatially and temporarily varying insolation, the atmospheric characteristics enable a perpetual maintenance of the horizontal and vertical temperature gradients within the system, a clear indicator of disequilibrium. The ...
Climate - MSc Epidemiology
... - Sultriness, Thunderstorm, Inversion Sultriness („Schwüle“): Combination of moderate to high temperatures and moderate to high humidity Cutpoint for sultriness defined differently by different authors: Wikipedia uses a cutpoint of absolute humidity of 13.5 g/m³ (leads to sultriness from 16°C with 9 ...
... - Sultriness, Thunderstorm, Inversion Sultriness („Schwüle“): Combination of moderate to high temperatures and moderate to high humidity Cutpoint for sultriness defined differently by different authors: Wikipedia uses a cutpoint of absolute humidity of 13.5 g/m³ (leads to sultriness from 16°C with 9 ...
Urban resilience: A framework for empowering cities in face of
... levels exceeding the daily limit value, 2001–2010 (Source: EEA, 2012). In face of the different mentioned threats, cities seem to play a twofold role: on the one hand, they are significantly vulnerable in face of their impacts; on the other hand, they are often responsible, at least partially, for t ...
... levels exceeding the daily limit value, 2001–2010 (Source: EEA, 2012). In face of the different mentioned threats, cities seem to play a twofold role: on the one hand, they are significantly vulnerable in face of their impacts; on the other hand, they are often responsible, at least partially, for t ...
Urban Forest Climate Adaptation Framework for Metro Vancouver
... fill or imported soil. Soil structure of these non‐native soils is often compromised by compaction. Underground utility trenches exist at various depths within footpaths or roadways, with connections joining from every property. Basements or underground structures are present in many areas, alter ...
... fill or imported soil. Soil structure of these non‐native soils is often compromised by compaction. Underground utility trenches exist at various depths within footpaths or roadways, with connections joining from every property. Basements or underground structures are present in many areas, alter ...
Recent observed climate change over the Arabian Peninsula
... change frameworks and that these countries should provide more inputs to the IPCC negotiations. Additionally, climate change projections for the AP shows little agreement among the models, particularly with regards to the sign of precipitation change. A concerted effort is therefore needed in the ca ...
... change frameworks and that these countries should provide more inputs to the IPCC negotiations. Additionally, climate change projections for the AP shows little agreement among the models, particularly with regards to the sign of precipitation change. A concerted effort is therefore needed in the ca ...
Amplification and dampening of soil respiration by changes in
... Abstract. Accelerated release of carbon from soils is one of the most important feedbacks related to anthropogenically induced climate change. Studies addressing the mechanisms for soil carbon release through organic matter decomposition have focused on the effect of changes in the average temperatu ...
... Abstract. Accelerated release of carbon from soils is one of the most important feedbacks related to anthropogenically induced climate change. Studies addressing the mechanisms for soil carbon release through organic matter decomposition have focused on the effect of changes in the average temperatu ...
Urban heat island
An urban heat island (UHI) is a city or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. The phenomenon was first investigated and described by Luke Howard in the 1810s, although he was not the one to name the phenomenon. The temperature difference usually is larger at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak. UHI is most noticeable during the summer and winter. The main cause of the urban heat island effect is from the modification of land surfaces. Waste heat generated by energy usage is a secondary contributor. As a population center grows, it tends to expand its area and increase its average temperature. The less-used term heat island refers to any area, populated or not, which is consistently hotter than the surrounding area.Monthly rainfall is greater downwind of cities, partially due to the UHI. Increases in heat within urban centers increases the length of growing seasons, and decreases the occurrence of weak tornadoes. The UHI decreases air quality by increasing the production of pollutants such as ozone, and decreases water quality as warmer waters flow into area streams and put stress on their ecosystems.Not all cities have a distinct urban heat island. Mitigation of the urban heat island effect can be accomplished through the use of green roofs and the use of lighter-colored surfaces in urban areas, which reflect more sunlight and absorb less heat.There are concerns raised about possible contribution from urban heat islands to global warming. Research on China and India indicates that urban heat island effect contributes to climate warming by about 30%. On the other hand, one 1999 comparison between urban and rural areas proposed that the urban heat island effects have little influence on global mean temperature trends. Many studies reveal increases in the severity of the effect with the progress of climate change.