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Can actuaries really afford to ignore climate
Can actuaries really afford to ignore climate

... bushfire, cyclones and riverine floods. This wide range reflects the uncertainty in the level of future emissions, the lack of certainty on the impact of climate change on natural perils in Australia, and calls for further climate science research that can be used at a local level.  In particular, ...
Accounting for Health Impacts of Climate Change
Accounting for Health Impacts of Climate Change

... this warming is primarily caused by human activity. Furthermore, recent observations show that some climate indicators are near or beyond the upper range of the IPCC’s 1990 projections. A warmer and unstable climate is expected to adversely affect health, with disproportionately larger impacts on th ...
AFRICA`S BEST READ - Department of Environmental Affairs
AFRICA`S BEST READ - Department of Environmental Affairs

... folk who give of their private time to further a cause they believe in. They were drawn from public nominations as well as from input given by ...
appeal to authority
appeal to authority

... authority”, whereby the stature of a person allows statements made by that person to be taken as absolute fact when such statements are only opinions based on perception and have never been verified. Einstein’s equation e=mc2 is just as valid if stated by Al Gore as by Steven Chu, but only Chu would ...
The EU and the progressive alliance negotiating in Durban
The EU and the progressive alliance negotiating in Durban

... This paper applies theory from the field of international relations to try and understand the role of the European Union (EU) in the Durban climate talks. In particular, it analyses the role of the EU’s alliance with groups of developing countries in facilitating an agreement on the Durban Platform ...
Projected changes in mean and extreme precipitation in Africa
Projected changes in mean and extreme precipitation in Africa

... threshold excesses, only results based on the least biased 10-year return levels are presented in this paper. These GPD quantiles (10-year return levels) are obtained from an interpolation rather than an extrapolation. Results obtained using 100-year return levels are available on the KNMI Africa sc ...
successful adaptation implementation
successful adaptation implementation

... and weaknesses of all possibilities, and choose the one that makes the most sense for the task at hand, giving you the best potential for success 1. This report should be viewed in that light; a guideline to help analyze and choose what strategy will be the most successful for adaptation implementat ...
CLIMATE AND DEVELOPMENT COUNTRIES
CLIMATE AND DEVELOPMENT COUNTRIES

... warm the climate which may trigger positive feedbacks that release more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (e.g. carbon contained in oceans, forests and wetlands or methane hydrates stored under permafrost and in coastal sediments). This, in turn, leads to accelerated warming that may spiral out of ...
here - IGBP
here - IGBP

... Continental fossil pollen records have long been used as proxies for environmental change. Prior to the rapid expansion of marine sediment studies since the 1960s, terrestrial palynologists had reconstructed the series of Pleistocene ice-ages from a network of boreholes and sections. Subsequently, s ...
Response of subarctic vegetation to transient climatic change on the
Response of subarctic vegetation to transient climatic change on the

... climate. Precipitation maps were derived from projections of future Alaskan climate by four GCM's (Maxwell 1992; Chapin & Star®eld 1997). From these projections, precipitation maps were uniformly increased (or decreased for colder temperature maps) by 15% for each 1 °C change from the observed curre ...
Future Climate, Hydrology, Vegetation, and Wildfire Projections for
Future Climate, Hydrology, Vegetation, and Wildfire Projections for

... on  physical,  chemical,  and  biological   processes  that  form  the  earth’s   climate  system.  These  models  vary  in   their  level  of  detail  and  assumptions,   making  output  and  future  scenarios   variable.  Differences  among ...
The Bottom Line on Climate Change: A Manitoba Business Guide
The Bottom Line on Climate Change: A Manitoba Business Guide

... enough to support life. Without it the average global surface temperature would be -18ºC instead of the current +15ºC. However extra greenhouse gases cause more heat to be trapped, driving up the average global temperature. This is the Enhanced Greenhouse Effect. It has been used interchangeably wit ...
Report of the Working Group on Climate Change
Report of the Working Group on Climate Change

... Climate change will affect crop growth and consequently crop management. Climate change is very likely to affect future tea growth and crop management. Kenyan tea cultivations and production are likely to be faced with extreme conditions in future as a result of climate change. There are many climat ...
Coupled Simulations of the 20th-Century including External Forcing
Coupled Simulations of the 20th-Century including External Forcing

... et al., 1999), which are shown in their annual range. These time series are anomalies to their 1961-90 average. They overlay the ± 2σ range from CON shown in the gray shaded horizontal bar. Without forcing, the simulation would be expected to remain within this region. The simulation and observation ...
Zimbabwe Capacity Development Needs Assessment Report
Zimbabwe Capacity Development Needs Assessment Report

... countries to adapt to a new climate regime through increased investments in water security The project supports 8 African countries and 5 river basins to better cope with the impacts of climate change. In Zimbabwe, WACDEP was launched April 2013 and is being coordinated through the Ministry of Envir ...
The Impact of Climate Change on the Agricultural Sector
The Impact of Climate Change on the Agricultural Sector

... IPPC WGI Report, which was prepared based on physical science, suggests that the atmosphere’s carbon dioxide concentration has increased by about 1.4 times (379ppm in 2005) over the past 100 years, in comparison to the pre-industrialization concentration (280ppm). Accordingly, it is estimated that ...
PDF
PDF

... Furthermore, the extent of the benefits to be enjoyed from climate policy interventions, e.g. the CPRS, is poorly understood. Due to inadequate scientific knowledge about the nature of interactions and a potential nonlinear response pattern among the biophysical factors, there is a weak linkage betw ...
Letters to the editor (7/19/10)
Letters to the editor (7/19/10)

... presentation/training to give concerned citizens the tools they need to make their voices heard by decision-makers in Washington. Madeleine Smith, a first-grade teacher, will lead the Madison group. ...
Risks of Climate Change on the Singapore
Risks of Climate Change on the Singapore

... a higher level by many researchers [5-10], the infrastructure vulnerabilities and resilience-based design have not been addressed. For example, a reduced speed of train will apply when ambient temperature reaches a certain degree but the more effective rail stress management has not been discussed [ ...
Document
Document

... Increased UV-B radiation will also have grave consequences for vegetation. Important cereal grains and fiber crops have shown sensitivity to UV-B radiation. Recent field studies have shown a 20% reduction in soybean yield from a simulated 25% ozone depletion. Increased production of ground-level oz ...
Establishment of an ecosystem transect to address climate change
Establishment of an ecosystem transect to address climate change

... There has been lively debate about how ecological science could better link to biodiversity policy to inform the management of natural systems and ecosystem services in the face of anthropogenic impacts (Jones et al. 1999; Watson 2005; Moser and Luers 2008; Perrings et al. 2011). Climate change is r ...
U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Recent Trends and Factors Jonathan L. Ramseur
U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Recent Trends and Factors Jonathan L. Ramseur

... emissions drivers are essentially outside the bounds of U.S. public policy. Therefore, this report focuses on the impacts of energy intensity and carbon intensity on GHG emission levels. As energy use has grown at a slower rate than the economy, U.S. energy intensity declined by about 2% each year f ...
Vol.10, No.2, 2010
Vol.10, No.2, 2010

... predicts, and that the early 20th century warming was a response to the relatively modest LLGHG forcing increase during that period. Under this hypothesis, the absence of accelerated warming after 1940 could be attributed to the growth of negative forcings (notably from tropospheric aerosol pollutio ...
impact of climate change on the runoff regime of an eastern
impact of climate change on the runoff regime of an eastern

... been used. For the Tibetan part, high resolution gridded rainfall data at 0.25 degree grid from APHRODITE has been used. Observed daily maximum and minimum temperature data in the Indian part at Gerukamukh have been used to calculate the daily mean temperature. For upper parts, lapse rate has been u ...
Climate Risk and Adaptation Strategy Discussion Paper (DOCX, 6.9
Climate Risk and Adaptation Strategy Discussion Paper (DOCX, 6.9

... Over the past 20 years, Maroondah has experienced many climate events that have affected things that the community values. Many of the risks we face are not new, but their duration, frequency and severity will change. ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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