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Projecting global marine biodiversity impacts
Projecting global marine biodiversity impacts

... We used a modelling approach that integrates population dynamics with a bioclimate envelope model to project future distributions of the 1066 species. This approach is a modified version of the dynamic bioclimate envelope model developed by Cheung et al. (2008a). This model predicts a species’ range ...
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PDF

... Agriculture has a special role in climate change and climate policies. Agriculture is an important source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and thereby an integral part of the climate change problem. At the same time, however, suitably designed agriculture may be a part of its solution, one of the corner s ...
Bunker Fuels and the Kyoto Protocol How ICAO and the IMO Failed
Bunker Fuels and the Kyoto Protocol How ICAO and the IMO Failed

... fuel use and reduce emissions. Two workshops were held on the subject. CAEP 5 also endorsed a methodology for estimating fuel savings and reducing emissions using new SatNav technology. ICAO’s 35th Assembly in 2004 recognised the progress on fuel use issues and “requests the Council to continue to d ...
1. Climate Catastrophe - Global Commons Institute
1. Climate Catastrophe - Global Commons Institute

... “Remarkably, none of the papers disagreed with the consensus position... Many details about climate interactions are not well understood, and there are ample grounds for continued research to provide a better basis for understanding climate dynamics. The question of what to do about climate change ...
Science - Global Policy Lab
Science - Global Policy Lab

... policies, such as weather index insurance (17). As with climate change management, success in this arena depends critically on our quantitative understanding of the causal effect that climatic conditions have on populations. Quantifying climatic influence on societies and economies Recent advances i ...
NPS SWAN report - UAF SNAP - University of Alaska Fairbanks
NPS SWAN report - UAF SNAP - University of Alaska Fairbanks

... A climate variable that drives changes in weather, vegetation, habitat, wildlife, etc. Also referred to as a critical force and a scenario driver. ...
Climate Change Policy Framework and Action Plan November 2013
Climate Change Policy Framework and Action Plan November 2013

... SIDS which are not responsible for the high levels of GHG emissions. Jamaica is also, nonetheless, playing its part in reducing its GHG emissions through ‘no regrets’ mitigation actions which can lead not only to reduced emissions, but also cost savings and social and environmental benefits for the ...
Climate Change Summits beyond Copenhagen
Climate Change Summits beyond Copenhagen

... agreement to reduce emissions10, and, by extension, to combat climate change in general. This fact, combined with the economic crisis, seems to have led editors in most Western countries to a simplistic view that: ‘It is impossible to save the planet, so while the global warming comes, let's focus o ...
Alpine strategy for adaptation to climate change in the field of natural
Alpine strategy for adaptation to climate change in the field of natural

... change to these events is rather unclear in many cases, it must be assumed that the intensity and frequency of extreme events and natural hazards is likely to increase in future. However, due to the technical limitations in climate change modelling, the lack of regional / local scenarios and the res ...
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PDF

... residential sector was confirmed by partial analysis of distributional incidence of a modeled carbon tax of NIS2 70 per ton of CO2. Gressel et al. (2000) assessed the demand functions for fossil fuels and electricity and analyzed welfare losses caused by carbon taxes on these goods. However, this ap ...
mf926e
mf926e

... resources for adaptation to climate change.”10 The subsequent meeting of the Committee on World Food Security (CFS 39) invited the Commission “to continue and strengthen its work on climate change and genetic resources.”11 Objectives and key elements of the Roadmap 13. The proposed Roadmap has two o ...
Download: SOAER97_11 - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment
Download: SOAER97_11 - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment

... dissipating into space. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a continued increase at current rates could raise the average global air temperature between 1 and 3.5°C by 2100. The average rate of warming would likely be greater than any seen in the past 10 000 years. Cli ...
Management Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change Annex
Management Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change Annex

... change through “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”. The Convention establishes a framework for intergovernmental efforts to tackle climate change, acknowledging the rate of chang ...
Asian Development Outlook 2016 Update: Highlights
Asian Development Outlook 2016 Update: Highlights

... prices even as drought earlier this year disrupted domestic food supplies in some areas. ɂɂ Investment-related imports rein in the region’s current account surplus. The surplus is expected to narrow from the equivalent of 3.1% of GDP in 2015 to 2.4% in 2016, or 0.2 percentage points lower than forec ...
Climatic Impact of Volcanic Emissions
Climatic Impact of Volcanic Emissions

... of magnitude smaller than the shortwave effect, so the net effect is surface cooling, except in the polar night where there is no sunlight. The aerosol cloud also emits upward, but much less radiation than the surface. Thus, to satellites trying to measure sea surface temperatures or vegetation indi ...
Infosylva 22/2010
Infosylva 22/2010

... battleground where countries race to pick up potential future carbon credits to meet pledged emission caps. Kenya Gold comfort for ex-forest folk Thousands of those flushed out of a section of the Cherangany water catchment have now turned to gold mining to put food on the table. Since the squatters ...
Freshwater biodiversity versus anthropogenic climate
Freshwater biodiversity versus anthropogenic climate

... research directions are now progressively merged into a unified framework, as some of the impacts of climate change on metabolism, productivity, or range shifts seem ubiquitous. As presented in Figure 1, environmental changes are likely also to affect the services freshwater ecosystems provide to soc ...
Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming
Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming

... impact. Concern regarding global warming centers on the future climate. As discussed in detail below, it seems likely that most of the warming observed to date is associated with human activities releasing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. In light of the long atmospheric lifetime of carbon d ...
Climate Change and Tourism - United Nations Department of
Climate Change and Tourism - United Nations Department of

... respect to adaptation to and mitigation of climate change.  This  advanced  summary  and  the  full  report  to  be  released  are  principally  aimed  at  the  tourism  industry  and  government  organizations  at  the  different  levels,  who  will  have the primary responsibility of developing mi ...
CONSIDERING THE HUMAN INFLUENCE ON CLIMATE
CONSIDERING THE HUMAN INFLUENCE ON CLIMATE

... May 14, 2009 ...
What Factors Determine Earth`s Climate?
What Factors Determine Earth`s Climate?

... sunlight strikes the atmosphere at a lower angle. Energy is transported from the equatorial areas to higher latitudes via atmospheric and oceanic circulations, including storm systems. Energy is also required to evaporate water from the sea or land surface, and this energy, called latent heat, is re ...
CLIMATE CHANGE AND MINING
CLIMATE CHANGE AND MINING

... ­propose four recommendations for foreign policy makers. These recommendations could form part of a more strategic foreign policy approach and a starting point for defining the role climate diplomacy can play in addressing the climate risks the mining sector faces: 1. Climate-proof critical minerals ...
Estimating Effects of Tidal Power Projects and Climate Change on
Estimating Effects of Tidal Power Projects and Climate Change on

... the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA Fisheries) or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to determine how proposed actions might affect ESA-listed species or their critical habitat, with NOAA Fisheries handling consultations for most marine speci ...
Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon
Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon

... which is comparable to the TOA GHG forcing (Fig. 2a). The third process is the surface dimming. The BC absorption of direct solar radiation reduces the solar radiation reaching the surface and leads to dimming (Fig. 2c). The BC dimming is further enhanced by the direct and indirect effects of non-BC ...
Climate Change Adaptation: Perspectives for Disaster Risk
Climate Change Adaptation: Perspectives for Disaster Risk

... Figure 2: Generic modelling unit used for configuration of the WRYM ................................................ 16 Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the national WRYM system model...................................................... 17 Figure 4: Detail of the national WRYM system model (Mooi-Mgen ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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