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Climate model simulations of the observed early-2000s - e
Climate model simulations of the observed early-2000s - e

... Climate model simulations of the observed early-2000s hiatus of global warming Gerald A. Meehl1*, Haiyan Teng1 and Julie M. Arblaster1,2 The slowdown in the rate of global warming in the early 2000s is not evident in the multi-model ensemble average of traditional climate change projection simulatio ...
"Climate Change and Wildfire in California," Climatic Change, 87
"Climate Change and Wildfire in California," Climatic Change, 87

... carry-over of fine fuels (grasses, forbs, etc.) is a limiting factor. Precipitation tends to be somewhat more variable than temperature across global climate models and scenarios, implying greater uncertainty for non-forest wildfire risks, while warmer temperatures might tend to reduce the moisture ...
http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/cambio-climatico/publicaciones/documentacion/cle_ene_pla_urg_mea_tcm7-12478.pdf
http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/cambio-climatico/publicaciones/documentacion/cle_ene_pla_urg_mea_tcm7-12478.pdf

... Climate change is one of the main threats to sustainable development; it represents one of the main environmental challenges having effects on the global economy, health and social welfare. Its impacts will be felt with greater intensity by future generations. For this reason, it is necessary to act ...
Climate change track in river floods in Europe
Climate change track in river floods in Europe

... a climate change signature in river flow data is quite complex, so that particular care is needed in selecting data and sites for use in studying climate impact on floods. In order to assess climatically-forced hydrological changes, data should be taken from pristine drainage basins that are not aff ...
Biological Impacts of Climate Change
Biological Impacts of Climate Change

... Global climate is swiftly changing, with poorly known consequences for biodiversity and human well being. In the last 90 years Earth’s mean temperature rose 0.6°C, a rate of increase that has not been seen in 10,000 years. Since the mid-1990s, it has been clear that mean global temperature rose duri ...
Livestock and greenhouse gas emissions: The importance of getting
Livestock and greenhouse gas emissions: The importance of getting

... counting GHG emissions in the world – are considered to come under Scope 1 and Scope 2 (that is, GHG emissions from elements owned or purchased by a livestock producer). However, our World Watch article included an assessment that Livestock’s Long Shadow dramatically undercounts Scope 1 GHG emission ...
3. the climate change policy framework
3. the climate change policy framework

... For Jamaica, building resilience to the impacts of climate change is of the highest priority. Among the conclusions of the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) are “that global warming since the mid-20th century was unequivocal and caused primarily by huma ...
1.2 Climate Change and the Water Cycle
1.2 Climate Change and the Water Cycle

... suffers from water supply problems. Even in some industrialized regions of the mid-latitudes climate zone where humid conditions prevail, for instance Central Europe, dry spells can lead to serious problems. An example is the hot-dry summer 2003 (Schönwiese et al., 2004) leading to at least 35,000 a ...
Carbon Constrained Future - AGL Sustainability Report 2016
Carbon Constrained Future - AGL Sustainability Report 2016

... AGL accepts the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) conclusion that: warming of the climate is unequivocal; anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are extremely likely to be the cause; and that the risks associated with climate change are reduced substantially if warming is limited to l ...
Vulnerability and climate change hotspots in Africa
Vulnerability and climate change hotspots in Africa

... climate. The rainfall is highly variable in space. The coefficient of variation of rainfall is mapped in this paper and it revealed that rainfall variability is large in drought prone areas of the continent. The African rainfall is dominated by inter-annual and decadal variability for the past; howe ...
Using expert knowledge to assess uncertainties in future polar bear
Using expert knowledge to assess uncertainties in future polar bear

... simulations has been used extensively in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC 2007b). Figure 1 details the inputs used in this study and the associated up- and downstream uncertainties. The time period was selected as 2050 because it is far enough into the future to show significant anthropogenic ...
Updating the World on the Latest Climate Science
Updating the World on the Latest Climate Science

... increases strongly with ongoing climate change. Thus waiting for higher levels of scientific certainty could mean that some tipping points will be crossed before they are recognized. The turning point must come soon: If global warming is to be limited to a maximum of 2 °C above pre-industrial values ...
Heat capacity, time constant, and sensitivity of Earth`s climate system
Heat capacity, time constant, and sensitivity of Earth`s climate system

... [2] Changes in Earth’s radiation budget due to human influences are of major current concern [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007]. Of principal concern is the change in climate due to increased concentrations of carbon dioxide because of the long lifetime of excess CO2 in the atm ...
Understanding public complacency about climate
Understanding public complacency about climate

... 2003; O’Connor et al. 1999). Many advocate a “wait and see strategy.” Asked to choose which of several statements came closest to their own view, nearly 60% chose either “until we are sure that global warming is really a problem, we should not take any steps that would have economic costs” or “its e ...
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... UNDP contributed to enhancing Thailand's capacity for harmonized development cooperation with south-south cooperation at two levels, i.e., at the upstream policy level and the implementation of sectoral assistance. The results, however, are more distinguished at the level of sectoral cooperation tha ...
Why We Need A New Direction In Climate Change Science
Why We Need A New Direction In Climate Change Science

... Estimated radiative forcings since preindustrial times for the Earth and Troposphere system (TOA) radiative forcing with adjusted stratospheric temperatures). The height of the rectangular bar denotes a central or best estimate of the forcing, while each vertical line is an estimate of the uncertai ...
Chapter 4 Impact of Climate Change on Low Islands The Tarawa
Chapter 4 Impact of Climate Change on Low Islands The Tarawa

... and crowded environment, even small changes can have a large impact. Socioeconomic trends point to a continuing rise in the atoll’s vulnerability in the future (box 4). By 2050, under the climate change scenarios shown in table 2, Tarawa could experience annual damages of about US$8─$16 million (tab ...
Global Change Grand Challenge National Research Plan
Global Change Grand Challenge National Research Plan

... About 250 years ago came the start of the industrial revolution, and the current industrial economy which now dominates the world is based on fossil fuels. These are a finite resource, and their consumption has generated greenhouse gases that are transforming all the most important sustaining ecosys ...
Lauren O`Donell.Trees for Zambia
Lauren O`Donell.Trees for Zambia

... By creating a project that offers value to all stakeholders and is implemented in a strategically beneficial and economically streamlined way, we hope to capture a process which can be effectively transposed to fit many similar applications. July 2012 will be a pilot and we hope to replicate this an ...
Australia`s future emissions reduction targets
Australia`s future emissions reduction targets

... The Authority's recommendations in this report, as in its earlier reports, are founded on the comprehensive scientific evidence that human activities are the major contributor to global warming. Burning fossil fuels, many industrial processes, and land clearing activities (among others) produce gree ...
The Copenhagen Diagnosis - Climate Change Research Centre
The Copenhagen Diagnosis - Climate Change Research Centre

... increases strongly with ongoing climate change. Thus waiting for higher levels of scientific certainty could mean that some tipping points will be crossed before they are recognized. The turning point must come soon: If global warming is to be limited to a maximum of 2 °C above pre-industrial values ...
PDF
PDF

... result, despite a remarkable decline over the past twenty years, the carbon intensity of GDP is today 30% higher in China than in India. All the dynamics of income per capita, of carbon intensity of energy, of energy intensity of GDP and the level of population, explain why China’s carbon dioxide em ...
PDF
PDF

... Degradation (REDD)," November 2008, Milan, Italy. ...
The Real Truth about Greenhouse Gases and Climate Change:
The Real Truth about Greenhouse Gases and Climate Change:

... years ago, that is widely agreed (although timing and values are still quite uncertain), but he neglects to add that the global climate then was very different, being warm enough for what is now tropical vegetation in polar latitudes. In addition, all indications are that those very high concentrati ...
Climate change and urbanization: effects and implications for urban
Climate change and urbanization: effects and implications for urban

... Urban governments have critical roles in adaptation to climate change in all nations as well as in mitigation (reducing greenhouse gas emissions). It can be argued that they have the central role in adaptation within their jurisdictions – although it is obvious that they need a supportive institutio ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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