CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTS: AN
... and uses them to illustrate the evolution of integrated assessments. This evolution is reflected in the following trends: – From linear to more complex chains of analysis, – From non-adaptive to perfectly adaptive to realistically adaptive agents, – From simplistic to sophisticated to pluralistic co ...
... and uses them to illustrate the evolution of integrated assessments. This evolution is reflected in the following trends: – From linear to more complex chains of analysis, – From non-adaptive to perfectly adaptive to realistically adaptive agents, – From simplistic to sophisticated to pluralistic co ...
Carbon stock accounts - UNSD
... longevity, reversibility of carbon loss and carbon density. Such stock accounts will facilitate the development and monitoring of policies that protect and where possible restore primary carbon stocks. This broadens policy choice which under a flows based inventory steers the focus to activities aim ...
... longevity, reversibility of carbon loss and carbon density. Such stock accounts will facilitate the development and monitoring of policies that protect and where possible restore primary carbon stocks. This broadens policy choice which under a flows based inventory steers the focus to activities aim ...
Dialogue on Long Term Persistence
... If the temperature of this year is not related to that of last year or next year we can use statistics to determine whether the increase in global temperature is significant or not. In such an “uncorrelated climate”, i.e. if the temperature of this year is fully independent of other years, the avera ...
... If the temperature of this year is not related to that of last year or next year we can use statistics to determine whether the increase in global temperature is significant or not. In such an “uncorrelated climate”, i.e. if the temperature of this year is fully independent of other years, the avera ...
On Applying the Test of a False Prophet to the
... but based on other criteria are to be rejected by the people. These are words that YHWH did speak, but not ones that YHWH intends them to heed. The question then remains, does the theology of the Hebrew Bible support the supposition that every prophecy that comes true, whether deceptive or upright, ...
... but based on other criteria are to be rejected by the people. These are words that YHWH did speak, but not ones that YHWH intends them to heed. The question then remains, does the theology of the Hebrew Bible support the supposition that every prophecy that comes true, whether deceptive or upright, ...
(Un)Natural Disasters: Communicating Linkages Between Extreme
... certain classes of extreme weather events is central to the science of extreme event attribution. Scientists calculate the probability of an extreme weather event occurring in climate model experiments incorporating both human and natural factors; they then compare these probabilities to a parallel ...
... certain classes of extreme weather events is central to the science of extreme event attribution. Scientists calculate the probability of an extreme weather event occurring in climate model experiments incorporating both human and natural factors; they then compare these probabilities to a parallel ...
Climate Change Negotiations, India`s submissions to the United
... among all developed country Parties. This can be ensured only through negotiations. Hence, though the commitments or actions of a developed country may, in the first instance, be nationally formulated, they must be finalized on the basis of UNFCCC negotiations, in order to ensure comparability of ef ...
... among all developed country Parties. This can be ensured only through negotiations. Hence, though the commitments or actions of a developed country may, in the first instance, be nationally formulated, they must be finalized on the basis of UNFCCC negotiations, in order to ensure comparability of ef ...
Full-Text PDF
... There is growing consensus that M + A can be designed and implemented in synergy at different scales in the forest sector. Efforts in policy approaches are still premature at the international, national, and project levels, with policy makers and practitioners still struggling to grasp its feasibili ...
... There is growing consensus that M + A can be designed and implemented in synergy at different scales in the forest sector. Efforts in policy approaches are still premature at the international, national, and project levels, with policy makers and practitioners still struggling to grasp its feasibili ...
PDF
... Coordination with the Member States and consultation with technical experts and other members of civil society are key aspects of the adaptation framework, even though the White Paper’s pillar on the employment of various policy instruments replaces the Green Paper’s pillar on involving a range of s ...
... Coordination with the Member States and consultation with technical experts and other members of civil society are key aspects of the adaptation framework, even though the White Paper’s pillar on the employment of various policy instruments replaces the Green Paper’s pillar on involving a range of s ...
NEPA, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND PUBLIC LANDS DECISION MAKING
... change. The difficulty stems predominantly from the global scale and the perceived uncertainty of climate change. Though scientists generally agree that anthropogenic climate change is real, substantial uncertainty exists about the primary driver of climate change—future greenhouse gas (GHG) emissio ...
... change. The difficulty stems predominantly from the global scale and the perceived uncertainty of climate change. Though scientists generally agree that anthropogenic climate change is real, substantial uncertainty exists about the primary driver of climate change—future greenhouse gas (GHG) emissio ...
Document
... The first Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (hereafter FCCC or the Convention) was held in Berlin in March 1995. The mandate adopted at the conference, the Berlin Mandate, called for additional international agreements to be negotiated in order to mitigate emiss ...
... The first Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (hereafter FCCC or the Convention) was held in Berlin in March 1995. The mandate adopted at the conference, the Berlin Mandate, called for additional international agreements to be negotiated in order to mitigate emiss ...
Climate Change Impacts in Hawai`i - Hawaii Sea Grant
... The University of Hawai‘i Sea Grant College Program (UH Sea Grant) prepared this climate change impacts report to provide Hawai‘i communities with a foundational understanding of the effects of global climate change on Hawai‘i’s resources and ecosystems. The report presents a summary of the current ...
... The University of Hawai‘i Sea Grant College Program (UH Sea Grant) prepared this climate change impacts report to provide Hawai‘i communities with a foundational understanding of the effects of global climate change on Hawai‘i’s resources and ecosystems. The report presents a summary of the current ...
The effects of climate changes on aquifer storage
... The three (one present, two future) annual series of smoothed daily recharge estimates for the Chalk and Triassic sandstone aquifers are shown in Fig. 6(a) and (b), expressed in dimensionless form. Assuming that the proportion of excess rainfall going to recharge remains constant, the percentage cha ...
... The three (one present, two future) annual series of smoothed daily recharge estimates for the Chalk and Triassic sandstone aquifers are shown in Fig. 6(a) and (b), expressed in dimensionless form. Assuming that the proportion of excess rainfall going to recharge remains constant, the percentage cha ...
Why models run hot: results from an irreducibly simple climate
... Ó Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 ...
... Ó Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 ...
united nations - Stockholm Convention
... revised? If so, this should be clearer. Perhaps also include a statement about how this revision can be achieved. Insert “This is in addition to risks associated with” instead of “in addition to the” in the third paragraph. ...
... revised? If so, this should be clearer. Perhaps also include a statement about how this revision can be achieved. Insert “This is in addition to risks associated with” instead of “in addition to the” in the third paragraph. ...
Climate change in Australia | East Coast cluster report
... Projections are generally given for two 20-year time periods: the near future 2020–2039 (herein referred to as 2030) and late in the century 2080–2099 (herein referred to as 2090). The spread of model results are presented as the range between the 10th and 90th percentile in the CMIP5 ensemble outpu ...
... Projections are generally given for two 20-year time periods: the near future 2020–2039 (herein referred to as 2030) and late in the century 2080–2099 (herein referred to as 2090). The spread of model results are presented as the range between the 10th and 90th percentile in the CMIP5 ensemble outpu ...
Climate Change Scenarios for New Zealand Rainfall
... The validity of such insights rests largely on the assumption that the use of analog data is valid and, second, on what strategy is used in selecting that data from what is available. Support for the basic assumption has been given above, but counterarguments can be advanced. A primary one is that, ...
... The validity of such insights rests largely on the assumption that the use of analog data is valid and, second, on what strategy is used in selecting that data from what is available. Support for the basic assumption has been given above, but counterarguments can be advanced. A primary one is that, ...
Consumer behaviour and demand response of tourists to climate
... five winters would have very little natural snow’’. The survey, which identified significant negative demand reponses, was repeated by Pickering, Castley, and Burtt (2010), and its main scenario was also used in Switzerland (Behringer, Buerki, & Fuhrer, 2000). Unbehaun, Probstl, and Haider (2008) al ...
... five winters would have very little natural snow’’. The survey, which identified significant negative demand reponses, was repeated by Pickering, Castley, and Burtt (2010), and its main scenario was also used in Switzerland (Behringer, Buerki, & Fuhrer, 2000). Unbehaun, Probstl, and Haider (2008) al ...
Why models run hot: results from an irreducibly simple climate
... Ó Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 ...
... Ó Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 ...
Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict
... Human security, as it affects people, has a lot more to do with the totality of the welfare and well-being of the citizens than military or police protection which is more the protection and security of the state or the government. While that must not be ignored to ensure the integrity of the state, ...
... Human security, as it affects people, has a lot more to do with the totality of the welfare and well-being of the citizens than military or police protection which is more the protection and security of the state or the government. While that must not be ignored to ensure the integrity of the state, ...
approach and technical work - Parliamentary Monitoring Group
... The group carries out similar activities; and/or The group’s carbon footprint make-up is similar for each entity The group shares similar carbon mitigation opportunities and/or constraints; and/or The group is organised and can work together in order to further the collective interests of the group; ...
... The group carries out similar activities; and/or The group’s carbon footprint make-up is similar for each entity The group shares similar carbon mitigation opportunities and/or constraints; and/or The group is organised and can work together in order to further the collective interests of the group; ...
VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE
... GCOS is currently implementing Regional Action Plans which will help respond to these problems. The Pacific Islands Action Plan was used as a pilot by GCOS therefore many activities have already been implemented. Although less advanced in its implementation, the Action Plan for Latin America and the ...
... GCOS is currently implementing Regional Action Plans which will help respond to these problems. The Pacific Islands Action Plan was used as a pilot by GCOS therefore many activities have already been implemented. Although less advanced in its implementation, the Action Plan for Latin America and the ...
2015-02-05-Zero-Carbon-Zero-Poverty-the-Climate-Justice-Way
... though the task is becoming more difficult, this must not to keep us from assessing what exactly it would require, if the global community were to muster the political will to take the necessary steps, acknowledging that it’s even more urgent than we previously thought.2 ...
... though the task is becoming more difficult, this must not to keep us from assessing what exactly it would require, if the global community were to muster the political will to take the necessary steps, acknowledging that it’s even more urgent than we previously thought.2 ...
CLIMATE CHANGE and AGRARIAN SOCIETIES IN
... All of the non-climate stressors listed on the left-hand side of the table above have greater likelihood to affect poorer individuals and households more than those betteroff. In addition, the interactions with climate change effects are likely to be felt more keenly by the poor hence a form of doub ...
... All of the non-climate stressors listed on the left-hand side of the table above have greater likelihood to affect poorer individuals and households more than those betteroff. In addition, the interactions with climate change effects are likely to be felt more keenly by the poor hence a form of doub ...
Ecological consequences of global climate change for freshwater
... change for freshwater ecosystems are reviewed, with effects grouped into those related to water quantity, water quality, habitat and aquatic biological assemblages. Several guiding principles aimed at minimising the potential impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystems are discussed. These gui ...
... change for freshwater ecosystems are reviewed, with effects grouped into those related to water quantity, water quality, habitat and aquatic biological assemblages. Several guiding principles aimed at minimising the potential impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystems are discussed. These gui ...
PDF
... CV & C. Adaptation as a process is the outcome of a combination of many forces and varies widely between countries and groups, as well as over time. There are several factors that influence smallholder farmers’ adaptation to CV & C. Such factors categorized into five groups which include farmers/hou ...
... CV & C. Adaptation as a process is the outcome of a combination of many forces and varies widely between countries and groups, as well as over time. There are several factors that influence smallholder farmers’ adaptation to CV & C. Such factors categorized into five groups which include farmers/hou ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.