3. project framework - REDD
... roadmap of prioritized and costed actions; and (iii) development of investment proposals and the identification of their financing, in the context of the strategic framework. The reason for using such a methodology is to enable policy and strategy formulation to be based on country/agro-ecological, ...
... roadmap of prioritized and costed actions; and (iii) development of investment proposals and the identification of their financing, in the context of the strategic framework. The reason for using such a methodology is to enable policy and strategy formulation to be based on country/agro-ecological, ...
Republic of Yemen Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) With
... development strategies. LEDS is one of the sustainable development strategies which promotes transformative, coordinated, and balanced development paths while at the same time contributes towards GHG emission abatement, proverty reducetion, and pro-poor economic growth. 3- In the interim, this road ...
... development strategies. LEDS is one of the sustainable development strategies which promotes transformative, coordinated, and balanced development paths while at the same time contributes towards GHG emission abatement, proverty reducetion, and pro-poor economic growth. 3- In the interim, this road ...
Enhancing the relevance of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways for
... effectiveness of adaptation, residual damages after mitigation and adaptation, and the associated costs. In research on vulnerability, scenarios can be used to enhance understanding of the key factors predisposing systems and communities to potential adverse impacts of climate change, exploring how ...
... effectiveness of adaptation, residual damages after mitigation and adaptation, and the associated costs. In research on vulnerability, scenarios can be used to enhance understanding of the key factors predisposing systems and communities to potential adverse impacts of climate change, exploring how ...
Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events
... Cubasch, U., G. Waszkewitz, Hegerl, and J. Perlwitz. 1995b. Regional climate changes as simulated in time slice experiments. MPI Report 153. Clim. Change 31:321-304. The concentrations of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and CFCs have increased since the pre-industria ...
... Cubasch, U., G. Waszkewitz, Hegerl, and J. Perlwitz. 1995b. Regional climate changes as simulated in time slice experiments. MPI Report 153. Clim. Change 31:321-304. The concentrations of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and CFCs have increased since the pre-industria ...
global warming, climate change and tourism: a review of
... 2.8. Climate Change, Tourist behavior and Effect These articles were more destinations specific and tended to use case studies to highlight how weather can change tourism in an area. France, Ontario’s provincial parks, British tourism, and Bernese Oberland are some examples provided in this category ...
... 2.8. Climate Change, Tourist behavior and Effect These articles were more destinations specific and tended to use case studies to highlight how weather can change tourism in an area. France, Ontario’s provincial parks, British tourism, and Bernese Oberland are some examples provided in this category ...
Probable maximum precipitation and climate change
... whose analysis of extreme events in the central U.S. indicated a 7% overestimate of PWmax using the above criteria. Their conclusion could be a result of surface humidity, ...
... whose analysis of extreme events in the central U.S. indicated a 7% overestimate of PWmax using the above criteria. Their conclusion could be a result of surface humidity, ...
Climate change impacts on snow water availability in the Euphrates
... ble mean) of 38 % for the A2 aggressive climate change scenario occurred later in the century. Associated with decreasing snow water availability and the shift in increased evapotranspiration over the seasonal precipitation, average total basin reservoir storage and average hydropower production gen ...
... ble mean) of 38 % for the A2 aggressive climate change scenario occurred later in the century. Associated with decreasing snow water availability and the shift in increased evapotranspiration over the seasonal precipitation, average total basin reservoir storage and average hydropower production gen ...
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... desirable to apply to a future greenhouse gas trading program. For example, experience with the SO2 trading program has shown significant benefits from the temporal flexibility provided by banking provisions (Burtraw and Palmer 2004, Stavins 2003, Ellerman et al. 2000).3 Second, analysts have noted ...
... desirable to apply to a future greenhouse gas trading program. For example, experience with the SO2 trading program has shown significant benefits from the temporal flexibility provided by banking provisions (Burtraw and Palmer 2004, Stavins 2003, Ellerman et al. 2000).3 Second, analysts have noted ...
Climate Change and Food In/Security: A Critical Nexus
... food production to achieve food security, this essay will thus focus on understanding the dialectic relationship between climate change and food security: precisely how climate change impacts food security and how food production impacts climate change. Upon establishing the link between the three f ...
... food production to achieve food security, this essay will thus focus on understanding the dialectic relationship between climate change and food security: precisely how climate change impacts food security and how food production impacts climate change. Upon establishing the link between the three f ...
Climate Change Impact Assessment in Taiwan Chung
... approximately 1.1-1.6°C/century (Fig. 2a). This rate is higher than the global rate of 0.74°C/century, but it is comparable to the warming conditions in other Eastern Asia regions (Wang and Gaffen, 2001; Chung et al., 2004; Trenberth et al., 2007). In the last 30 years, the warming rate has doubled ...
... approximately 1.1-1.6°C/century (Fig. 2a). This rate is higher than the global rate of 0.74°C/century, but it is comparable to the warming conditions in other Eastern Asia regions (Wang and Gaffen, 2001; Chung et al., 2004; Trenberth et al., 2007). In the last 30 years, the warming rate has doubled ...
Climateâ•`induced changes in the distribution of freshwater fish
... 1. Climate change could be one of the main threats faced by aquatic ecosystems and freshwater biodiversity. Improved understanding, monitoring and forecasting of its effects are thus crucial for researchers, policy makers and biodiversity managers. 2. Here, we provide a review and some meta-analyses ...
... 1. Climate change could be one of the main threats faced by aquatic ecosystems and freshwater biodiversity. Improved understanding, monitoring and forecasting of its effects are thus crucial for researchers, policy makers and biodiversity managers. 2. Here, we provide a review and some meta-analyses ...
UKCP09: Probabilistic projections of wind speed
... of the change is negative in some ensemble members, and uncertainties are augmented considerably by the influence of natural climate variability, which is larger than the spread of forced changes. The corresponding ensemble of 12 alternative climate models shows a similar large-scale pattern of chan ...
... of the change is negative in some ensemble members, and uncertainties are augmented considerably by the influence of natural climate variability, which is larger than the spread of forced changes. The corresponding ensemble of 12 alternative climate models shows a similar large-scale pattern of chan ...
Australian Climate Policy Survey
... Internationally, carbon markets are set to evolve under the Paris Agreement, with 90 countries expressing interest in the use of market-based-mechanisms to achieve their internationally committed emissions reduction targets4. Many of Australia’s key trading partners have or are looking to establish ...
... Internationally, carbon markets are set to evolve under the Paris Agreement, with 90 countries expressing interest in the use of market-based-mechanisms to achieve their internationally committed emissions reduction targets4. Many of Australia’s key trading partners have or are looking to establish ...
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... Basic understanding of the problem thus remains superficial and vulnerable to frequent revision.26–28 Today, after more than 20 years of scientific progress and a much greater scientific consensus,29,30 public climate change communication is no longer just a match between ‘dueling experts.’ Media pr ...
... Basic understanding of the problem thus remains superficial and vulnerable to frequent revision.26–28 Today, after more than 20 years of scientific progress and a much greater scientific consensus,29,30 public climate change communication is no longer just a match between ‘dueling experts.’ Media pr ...
Climate Finance Study Group
... economy.6 An explicit price on GHG emissions (hereafter “carbon pricing”) aims to reflect the social costs from GHG emissions in the prices of goods and services, thereby providing economic incentives that will influence production, consumption and investment decisions. A rising price over time woul ...
... economy.6 An explicit price on GHG emissions (hereafter “carbon pricing”) aims to reflect the social costs from GHG emissions in the prices of goods and services, thereby providing economic incentives that will influence production, consumption and investment decisions. A rising price over time woul ...
Communicating climate change: history, challenges, process and
... Basic understanding of the problem thus remains superficial and vulnerable to frequent revision.26–28 Today, after more than 20 years of scientific progress and a much greater scientific consensus,29,30 public climate change communication is no longer just a match between ‘dueling experts.’ Media pr ...
... Basic understanding of the problem thus remains superficial and vulnerable to frequent revision.26–28 Today, after more than 20 years of scientific progress and a much greater scientific consensus,29,30 public climate change communication is no longer just a match between ‘dueling experts.’ Media pr ...
8 Research and systematic observation
... environment. Climate change is a point of focus of one of four research programmes of the LYNET consortium. Energy and climate change research is a focal area in public research funding in Finland. Energy research, development and demonstration (RD&D) expenditure has steadily increased in recent yea ...
... environment. Climate change is a point of focus of one of four research programmes of the LYNET consortium. Energy and climate change research is a focal area in public research funding in Finland. Energy research, development and demonstration (RD&D) expenditure has steadily increased in recent yea ...
Climate Change and Agricultural Commodities
... In terms of experimentation, there is a lack of knowledge of CO2 and climate responses for the majority of crops other than cereal staples such as wheat, maize and rice, including many of importance to the rural poor (e.g. root crops, millet, brassicas). In addition to the staples such as root crops ...
... In terms of experimentation, there is a lack of knowledge of CO2 and climate responses for the majority of crops other than cereal staples such as wheat, maize and rice, including many of importance to the rural poor (e.g. root crops, millet, brassicas). In addition to the staples such as root crops ...
Unit: Paleoclimatology: Climate Discovery Teacher`s Guide
... • Ask students to brainstorm what other aspects or characteristics of the weather might influence temperature (such as cloudiness, precipitation, and wind). Students will collect data about these factors too. • Introduce students to the thermometer. Explain that each day a different pair of students ...
... • Ask students to brainstorm what other aspects or characteristics of the weather might influence temperature (such as cloudiness, precipitation, and wind). Students will collect data about these factors too. • Introduce students to the thermometer. Explain that each day a different pair of students ...
problems in evaluating regional and local trends in temperature
... the paper to ‘Grasslands and Global Nocturnal Warming’. Melillo (1999) used the results of the Alward et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warming. Escalating the issue further, the news media report on this work sensationalized that ‘Global war ...
... the paper to ‘Grasslands and Global Nocturnal Warming’. Melillo (1999) used the results of the Alward et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warming. Escalating the issue further, the news media report on this work sensationalized that ‘Global war ...
The social cost of carbon: Valuation estimates and
... as impacts, and notably due to autonomous adaptation5 . However, work by Downing & Watkiss (2003) has raised the issue of study coverage in comparing SCC values, and this was advanced during the studies. The SCC values were compared for their coverage against a risk matrix (Figure 1), in relation to ...
... as impacts, and notably due to autonomous adaptation5 . However, work by Downing & Watkiss (2003) has raised the issue of study coverage in comparing SCC values, and this was advanced during the studies. The SCC values were compared for their coverage against a risk matrix (Figure 1), in relation to ...
CB-48 - Climate Science: Roger Pielke Sr.
... than average conditions in the western Pacific including Indonesia, Australia and India and above average precipitation over parts of South America. El Niños also tend to cause warmer than average conditions over parts of the tropics and into the extra-tropics (Halpert and Ropelewski, 1992). El Niño ...
... than average conditions in the western Pacific including Indonesia, Australia and India and above average precipitation over parts of South America. El Niños also tend to cause warmer than average conditions over parts of the tropics and into the extra-tropics (Halpert and Ropelewski, 1992). El Niño ...
8 Research and systematic observation
... environment. Climate change is a point of focus of one of four research programmes of the LYNET consortium. Energy and climate change research is a focal area in public research funding in Finland. Energy research, development and demonstration (RD&D) expenditure has steadily increased in recent yea ...
... environment. Climate change is a point of focus of one of four research programmes of the LYNET consortium. Energy and climate change research is a focal area in public research funding in Finland. Energy research, development and demonstration (RD&D) expenditure has steadily increased in recent yea ...
Climate Change Law in Latin America
... law on climate change. Several countries, including Colombia, Dominican Republic, Mexico and Ecuador, have incorporated mitigation and adaptation objectives into their national development plans and are implementing related targets, providing budget support to climate change activities and mainstrea ...
... law on climate change. Several countries, including Colombia, Dominican Republic, Mexico and Ecuador, have incorporated mitigation and adaptation objectives into their national development plans and are implementing related targets, providing budget support to climate change activities and mainstrea ...
- Wiley Online Library
... the paper to ‘Grasslands and Global Nocturnal Warming’. Melillo (1999) used the results of the Alward et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warming. Escalating the issue further, the news media report on this work sensationalized that ‘Global war ...
... the paper to ‘Grasslands and Global Nocturnal Warming’. Melillo (1999) used the results of the Alward et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warming. Escalating the issue further, the news media report on this work sensationalized that ‘Global war ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.