Unit: Paleoclimatology: Climate Discovery Teacher`s Guide
... • Ask students to brainstorm what other aspects or characteristics of the weather might influence temperature (such as cloudiness, precipitation, and wind). Students will collect data about these factors too. • Introduce students to the thermometer. Explain that each day a different pair of students ...
... • Ask students to brainstorm what other aspects or characteristics of the weather might influence temperature (such as cloudiness, precipitation, and wind). Students will collect data about these factors too. • Introduce students to the thermometer. Explain that each day a different pair of students ...
Mitigation and adaptation performance measurement frameworks
... Where applicable, mitigation projects/programmes that also generate adaptation results should report on adaptation indicators (and vice versa for adaptation projects/programmes with mitigation results). For example, a project that primarily intends to improve land and forest areas contributing to em ...
... Where applicable, mitigation projects/programmes that also generate adaptation results should report on adaptation indicators (and vice versa for adaptation projects/programmes with mitigation results). For example, a project that primarily intends to improve land and forest areas contributing to em ...
simulated hydrologic responses to climate variations and change in
... supply is derived from snowmelt runoff from mountainous watersheds that may be particularly susceptible to warming trends. In order to better understand the consequences, as they might emerge in California, this paper reports simulated watershed responses of three river basins in the Sierra Nevada t ...
... supply is derived from snowmelt runoff from mountainous watersheds that may be particularly susceptible to warming trends. In order to better understand the consequences, as they might emerge in California, this paper reports simulated watershed responses of three river basins in the Sierra Nevada t ...
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... of emissions. In 1992, the United States ratified the United Nations’ Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which called on industrialized countries to initiate GHG reduction.3 However, in early 2001, President George W. Bush rejected the UNFCCC 1997 Kyoto Protocol, which called for legal ...
... of emissions. In 1992, the United States ratified the United Nations’ Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which called on industrialized countries to initiate GHG reduction.3 However, in early 2001, President George W. Bush rejected the UNFCCC 1997 Kyoto Protocol, which called for legal ...
CRS Report for Congress Global Climate Change: U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions —
... discussed, even historical data are of varying robustness and may be subject to adjustments. The data for CO2, which accounts for over 80% of domestic greenhouse gas emissions, are the most robust, being largely based on comprehensive fuel use data. Subsumed estimates and uncertainties in projected ...
... discussed, even historical data are of varying robustness and may be subject to adjustments. The data for CO2, which accounts for over 80% of domestic greenhouse gas emissions, are the most robust, being largely based on comprehensive fuel use data. Subsumed estimates and uncertainties in projected ...
2012 Annual Report on the Monitoring of
... Accounting for Global Climate Change The prospect of global climate change influencing aquatic habitats and in turn the composition of stream communities is challenging (Poff et al. 2002, Herbst and Cooper 2010). If global climate change does result in a gradual increase in disturbance-tolerant and ...
... Accounting for Global Climate Change The prospect of global climate change influencing aquatic habitats and in turn the composition of stream communities is challenging (Poff et al. 2002, Herbst and Cooper 2010). If global climate change does result in a gradual increase in disturbance-tolerant and ...
2010 - Policy Considerations for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from
... Greenhouse gases are formed when organic matter in water reservoirs decays under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, which then produces carbon dioxide and methane, respectively. The exact amount of emissions is affected by various factors, including reservoir design, climate conditions and the produc ...
... Greenhouse gases are formed when organic matter in water reservoirs decays under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, which then produces carbon dioxide and methane, respectively. The exact amount of emissions is affected by various factors, including reservoir design, climate conditions and the produc ...
HEAVY RAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE PROYECTIONS IN A
... behavior of the weather at smaller scales, there are Regional Climate Models (RCM), which work with scales of 50 km or less, allowing for more precise characteristics of the land surface and complicated mountainous topography, coastlines and the inclusion of small islands and peninsulas. RCMs are ve ...
... behavior of the weather at smaller scales, there are Regional Climate Models (RCM), which work with scales of 50 km or less, allowing for more precise characteristics of the land surface and complicated mountainous topography, coastlines and the inclusion of small islands and peninsulas. RCMs are ve ...
Climate Risk Management for Financial Institutions
... Changes in technology which substantially reduce the demand for carbon intensive assets, such as improved battery storage. ...
... Changes in technology which substantially reduce the demand for carbon intensive assets, such as improved battery storage. ...
Quantifying Vulnerability to Climate Change: Implications for
... influence them. But this extension places additional demands on research, because it requires statistical analysis to separate the possible role of climate change from the effects of changes in other variables – income, governance, urbanization – that influence the human impact. Ultimately, such res ...
... influence them. But this extension places additional demands on research, because it requires statistical analysis to separate the possible role of climate change from the effects of changes in other variables – income, governance, urbanization – that influence the human impact. Ultimately, such res ...
Socio-economic implications of climate change for tea producing countries
... Evidence suggests that GHGs are causing global warming and climate change. While GHGs occur naturally, direct or indirect human activities have intensified their emission into the atmosphere. ...
... Evidence suggests that GHGs are causing global warming and climate change. While GHGs occur naturally, direct or indirect human activities have intensified their emission into the atmosphere. ...
Sarah E. Light
... attitudes and beliefs, and therefore behavior and political debate, about energy use and climate change. Studies have shown that individuals with certain values or political ideologies are less likely to believe in the existence of scientific consensus about climate change, have positive attitudes t ...
... attitudes and beliefs, and therefore behavior and political debate, about energy use and climate change. Studies have shown that individuals with certain values or political ideologies are less likely to believe in the existence of scientific consensus about climate change, have positive attitudes t ...
Geographical restructuring of Arabidopsis thaliana`s
... at the species level will be necessarily less precise than models at the intraspecific genetic level. ...
... at the species level will be necessarily less precise than models at the intraspecific genetic level. ...
Paleoclimate Implications for Human-Made
... The Cenozoic Era, the time since extinction of dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous Era, illustrates the huge magnitude of natural climate change. The early Cenozoic was very warm – indeed, polar regions had tropical-like conditions with alligators in Alaska (Markwick, 1998). There were no large i ...
... The Cenozoic Era, the time since extinction of dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous Era, illustrates the huge magnitude of natural climate change. The early Cenozoic was very warm – indeed, polar regions had tropical-like conditions with alligators in Alaska (Markwick, 1998). There were no large i ...
Trillion Dollar Transformation: Fiduciary Duty, Divestment and Fossil
... in the coming decades. As the global community enacts and implements policies to achieve the Paris Vision of a world well below 2 degrees of warming and as markets respond to that action, carbon assets and carbon intensive industries face a fundamental change of economic circumstances that will affe ...
... in the coming decades. As the global community enacts and implements policies to achieve the Paris Vision of a world well below 2 degrees of warming and as markets respond to that action, carbon assets and carbon intensive industries face a fundamental change of economic circumstances that will affe ...
The Impact of Climate Change on Air Quality
... stagnation events, during which most of the air pollution episodes occur, in California’s San Joaquin Valley (SJV) will increase and the intensity of stagnation will be stronger in the future for the two main air pollution seasons (i.e., summer and winter). Increases in surface wind and planetary bo ...
... stagnation events, during which most of the air pollution episodes occur, in California’s San Joaquin Valley (SJV) will increase and the intensity of stagnation will be stronger in the future for the two main air pollution seasons (i.e., summer and winter). Increases in surface wind and planetary bo ...
The Recent Trend and Variance Increase of the
... variance of the AO index time series. For this least squares fit, the parameter a is varied until a minimum is obtained in S i [ f r (v i ) 2 2 f (v i ) 2 ]. For determining the confidence levels, 78 degrees of freedom are used for each spectral estimate, where it has been assumed that there are app ...
... variance of the AO index time series. For this least squares fit, the parameter a is varied until a minimum is obtained in S i [ f r (v i ) 2 2 f (v i ) 2 ]. For determining the confidence levels, 78 degrees of freedom are used for each spectral estimate, where it has been assumed that there are app ...
Vegetation–climate feedbacks modulate rainfall patterns in Africa
... hydrological cycling (e.g. Alo and Wang, 2010; Wang and Alo, 2012; Yu et al., 2015). Additionally, a number of GCMbased studies have investigated the climate effects of anthropogenic perturbations, such as deforestation or afforestation (e.g. Lawrence and Vandecar, 2015). Such studies point to poten ...
... hydrological cycling (e.g. Alo and Wang, 2010; Wang and Alo, 2012; Yu et al., 2015). Additionally, a number of GCMbased studies have investigated the climate effects of anthropogenic perturbations, such as deforestation or afforestation (e.g. Lawrence and Vandecar, 2015). Such studies point to poten ...
Bolivia: Climate change, poverty and adaptation
... Aymara and Quechua but also more than 30 other indigenous groups spread out both in the highlands and lowlands. There are six other reasons why climate change is a matter of such great importance to Bolivia: ● Poverty and inequality: by many socioeconomic indicators, Bolivia is the poorest country i ...
... Aymara and Quechua but also more than 30 other indigenous groups spread out both in the highlands and lowlands. There are six other reasons why climate change is a matter of such great importance to Bolivia: ● Poverty and inequality: by many socioeconomic indicators, Bolivia is the poorest country i ...
Hydrology - Tufts University School of Engineering
... Variability of the American Society of Civil Engineers, under whose aegis this work was conducted, was to assess the status of knowledge on induced greenhouse warming and its impact on the global and regional hydrologic cycles, as well as possible implications of greenhouse warming for water resourc ...
... Variability of the American Society of Civil Engineers, under whose aegis this work was conducted, was to assess the status of knowledge on induced greenhouse warming and its impact on the global and regional hydrologic cycles, as well as possible implications of greenhouse warming for water resourc ...
climate futures responses to climate change in 2030 October 2008
... heady days of 2012, when an ambitious post-Kyoto agreement on climate change was signed, to great fanfare. Or picture this: it’s 2030 and major companies are adopting ‘consumer wellbeing’ as a performance metric. South Korea has renounced the idea of economic growth, as spirituality and religion und ...
... heady days of 2012, when an ambitious post-Kyoto agreement on climate change was signed, to great fanfare. Or picture this: it’s 2030 and major companies are adopting ‘consumer wellbeing’ as a performance metric. South Korea has renounced the idea of economic growth, as spirituality and religion und ...
Anthony Patt ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
... Patt, Anthony, Detlef van Vuuren, Frans Berkhout, Asbjørn Aaheim, Andries Hof, Morna Isaac, and Reinhard Mechler (2010). Adaptation in integrated assessment modeling: where do we stand? Climatic Change 99: 383 – 402. Patt, Anthony, Mark Tadross, Patrick Nussbaumer, Kwabena Asante, Marc Metzger, José ...
... Patt, Anthony, Detlef van Vuuren, Frans Berkhout, Asbjørn Aaheim, Andries Hof, Morna Isaac, and Reinhard Mechler (2010). Adaptation in integrated assessment modeling: where do we stand? Climatic Change 99: 383 – 402. Patt, Anthony, Mark Tadross, Patrick Nussbaumer, Kwabena Asante, Marc Metzger, José ...
CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTS: AN
... and uses them to illustrate the evolution of integrated assessments. This evolution is reflected in the following trends: – From linear to more complex chains of analysis, – From non-adaptive to perfectly adaptive to realistically adaptive agents, – From simplistic to sophisticated to pluralistic co ...
... and uses them to illustrate the evolution of integrated assessments. This evolution is reflected in the following trends: – From linear to more complex chains of analysis, – From non-adaptive to perfectly adaptive to realistically adaptive agents, – From simplistic to sophisticated to pluralistic co ...
Effect of climate and landcover change
... Surface evaporation and plant transpiration comprise the water sink in the model. Evaporation of intercepted rain on leaves is at the potential rate. After the intercepted rain is evaporated, plant transpiration starts and is calculated using a Penman–Monteith formula. At the ground, evaporation fro ...
... Surface evaporation and plant transpiration comprise the water sink in the model. Evaporation of intercepted rain on leaves is at the potential rate. After the intercepted rain is evaporated, plant transpiration starts and is calculated using a Penman–Monteith formula. At the ground, evaporation fro ...
Carbon stock accounts - UNSD
... longevity, reversibility of carbon loss and carbon density. Such stock accounts will facilitate the development and monitoring of policies that protect and where possible restore primary carbon stocks. This broadens policy choice which under a flows based inventory steers the focus to activities aim ...
... longevity, reversibility of carbon loss and carbon density. Such stock accounts will facilitate the development and monitoring of policies that protect and where possible restore primary carbon stocks. This broadens policy choice which under a flows based inventory steers the focus to activities aim ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.