PDF
... the effect of different production systems, domestic and border policies. The IPCC in its guidelines produces default emission factors for different sources of gases, for a maximum of eight regions of the world 3 . Greenhouse gases (GHG) are incorporated into the model through the equation 32. In th ...
... the effect of different production systems, domestic and border policies. The IPCC in its guidelines produces default emission factors for different sources of gases, for a maximum of eight regions of the world 3 . Greenhouse gases (GHG) are incorporated into the model through the equation 32. In th ...
PDF
... production. However, changes in irrigation water supply and demand are difficult to predict at a scale sufficient to quantify acreage and production responses (Adams and Peck 2008). A number of studies have examined potential shifts in crop irrigation requirements and water supply, and implications ...
... production. However, changes in irrigation water supply and demand are difficult to predict at a scale sufficient to quantify acreage and production responses (Adams and Peck 2008). A number of studies have examined potential shifts in crop irrigation requirements and water supply, and implications ...
Climate-Smart Agriculture Sourcebook MODULE 12: Local institutions
... managing soil, water and land. Water tables are dropping considerably in many places (e.g. in parts of India). Water harvesting and water storage techniques need to be able to deal with the likelihood of increasing rainfall variability. Land degradation and declining soil fertility are widespread pr ...
... managing soil, water and land. Water tables are dropping considerably in many places (e.g. in parts of India). Water harvesting and water storage techniques need to be able to deal with the likelihood of increasing rainfall variability. Land degradation and declining soil fertility are widespread pr ...
Chapter 4
... International law has its own unique processes for lawmaking. As compared to national lawmaking, with its strong legislatures to pass laws, robust executive agencies to implement the laws, and independent courts to enforce the laws, the international lawmaking system is far less developed. Under the ...
... International law has its own unique processes for lawmaking. As compared to national lawmaking, with its strong legislatures to pass laws, robust executive agencies to implement the laws, and independent courts to enforce the laws, the international lawmaking system is far less developed. Under the ...
Transportation, Air Pollution, and Climate Change | US EPA
... incorporate the social benefits from reducing carbon dioxide emissions into cost-benefit analyses of regulatory actions that have small, or “marginal,” impacts on cumulative global emissions. Most federal regulatory actions can be expected to have marginal impacts on global emissions. For such polic ...
... incorporate the social benefits from reducing carbon dioxide emissions into cost-benefit analyses of regulatory actions that have small, or “marginal,” impacts on cumulative global emissions. Most federal regulatory actions can be expected to have marginal impacts on global emissions. For such polic ...
environmental, economic and social impacts of
... of the area covered with ice etc. In terms of the climate the present turns to be another interim period between two glacier periods having started 9–10 thousand years ago. One should take into account that all those processes are very slow; their impact on climate change is much weaker than the ant ...
... of the area covered with ice etc. In terms of the climate the present turns to be another interim period between two glacier periods having started 9–10 thousand years ago. One should take into account that all those processes are very slow; their impact on climate change is much weaker than the ant ...
unilateral climate regulation - Harvard Environmental Law Review
... are principally a first step toward a global treaty, so it has focused on what domestic regulations would be good models for multilateral regulation. But the quest for a binding global treaty has proven to be a non-starter. So this Article takes a different approach, asking how domestic regulation c ...
... are principally a first step toward a global treaty, so it has focused on what domestic regulations would be good models for multilateral regulation. But the quest for a binding global treaty has proven to be a non-starter. So this Article takes a different approach, asking how domestic regulation c ...
SimCLIM 2013 Data Manual 1 November 2013 Prepared By:
... SimCLIM software system. Climatic data may come from miscellaneous sources and may have different characteristics: for example, spatial resolutions, data formations and time spans. According to specific cases, these data are post-processed, standardized, and then are maintained by CLIMsystems for in ...
... SimCLIM software system. Climatic data may come from miscellaneous sources and may have different characteristics: for example, spatial resolutions, data formations and time spans. According to specific cases, these data are post-processed, standardized, and then are maintained by CLIMsystems for in ...
PDF
... understand, or hypothesize, how changing temperature and rainfall patterns will affect yield and price risks farmers are facing. In particular, the intention of the proposed work is to improve our understanding of how policies may affect incentives to adapt to evolving environmental conditions. To c ...
... understand, or hypothesize, how changing temperature and rainfall patterns will affect yield and price risks farmers are facing. In particular, the intention of the proposed work is to improve our understanding of how policies may affect incentives to adapt to evolving environmental conditions. To c ...
Welcome Remarks by Prof. Kyaw Htun, Deputy Director
... methodology for REDD is scheduled to be agreed at the COP15 in December 2009. At present, REDD+ has been introduced in UNFCCC meetings and there are a number of REDD initiatives and pilot projects being introduced by various international organizations, NGOs and even private sectors in the region, p ...
... methodology for REDD is scheduled to be agreed at the COP15 in December 2009. At present, REDD+ has been introduced in UNFCCC meetings and there are a number of REDD initiatives and pilot projects being introduced by various international organizations, NGOs and even private sectors in the region, p ...
Chapter 6 Non-CO climate effects of aviation
... • Consider at a high level policy options to mitigate these effects; • Consider possible implications of aviation non-CO2 effects for UK economywide and aviation emissions targets. The key messages in the chapter are: • There is high scientific confidence that the total climate warming effect of avi ...
... • Consider at a high level policy options to mitigate these effects; • Consider possible implications of aviation non-CO2 effects for UK economywide and aviation emissions targets. The key messages in the chapter are: • There is high scientific confidence that the total climate warming effect of avi ...
Human Factors Explain the Increased Losses from Weather and
... Insurance Association 1999). There has long been sci- throughout the 1949–97 period (Changnon 1999b). entific concern that a change in climate due to anthro- Crop/hail insurance losses, another relatively long and pogenic activities would include an increase in the consistent measure of losses from ...
... Insurance Association 1999). There has long been sci- throughout the 1949–97 period (Changnon 1999b). entific concern that a change in climate due to anthro- Crop/hail insurance losses, another relatively long and pogenic activities would include an increase in the consistent measure of losses from ...
IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA GAUTENG DIVISION
... the DEA to determine if it was necessary to amend or supplement the conditions of the environmental authorisation to introduce additional mitigation measures, for instance where it was found that the emissions were significantly higher than provided in its carbon budget, or posed an unexpected and u ...
... the DEA to determine if it was necessary to amend or supplement the conditions of the environmental authorisation to introduce additional mitigation measures, for instance where it was found that the emissions were significantly higher than provided in its carbon budget, or posed an unexpected and u ...
The US Economic Impacts of Climate Change and the Costs of
... are gaining momentum, their importance is not understood by many, including Congress, the public and the media. All too frequently, inaction is motivated by the perceived high cost of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The costs of not taking on the challenges posed by climate change are frequently ...
... are gaining momentum, their importance is not understood by many, including Congress, the public and the media. All too frequently, inaction is motivated by the perceived high cost of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The costs of not taking on the challenges posed by climate change are frequently ...
Title: Farmers` relations to climate variabilities and changes: the
... 2002) show a similar tendency to that observed in the Mediterranean area: i) the average air temperature increased up to 1945, then cooled down slightly, and went back up again, more intensely, from 1975 onwards; ii) much of the temperature rise is due to an increase of minimum temperatures, “attrib ...
... 2002) show a similar tendency to that observed in the Mediterranean area: i) the average air temperature increased up to 1945, then cooled down slightly, and went back up again, more intensely, from 1975 onwards; ii) much of the temperature rise is due to an increase of minimum temperatures, “attrib ...
shows
... quantity and precision of paleoclimate proxy data. Two of the topics we discuss below, paleo-ENSO and abrupt change, did not exist until there were methods to create high-resolution records. For other topics, the observational picture has become far less fuzzy, allowing many more tests of model agai ...
... quantity and precision of paleoclimate proxy data. Two of the topics we discuss below, paleo-ENSO and abrupt change, did not exist until there were methods to create high-resolution records. For other topics, the observational picture has become far less fuzzy, allowing many more tests of model agai ...
Evolving Responsibility? The Principle of Common
... surrounding a re-differentiation of parties to account for differences among developing countries were increasingly contentious. Some parties, such as the United States, Canada, and Australia were keen to allay economic competitiveness concerns by creating a new category of “advanced developing coun ...
... surrounding a re-differentiation of parties to account for differences among developing countries were increasingly contentious. Some parties, such as the United States, Canada, and Australia were keen to allay economic competitiveness concerns by creating a new category of “advanced developing coun ...
FACT SHEET PACKET (Executive Summary - FACT SHEET #6)
... The economic advantages of Low Impact Development are often not well understood and are deserving of close attention to inform municipal land use decisions. Economic benefits are being realized through the incorporation of LID-based strategies by municipalities, commercial developers, and others. Th ...
... The economic advantages of Low Impact Development are often not well understood and are deserving of close attention to inform municipal land use decisions. Economic benefits are being realized through the incorporation of LID-based strategies by municipalities, commercial developers, and others. Th ...
Modeling Climate Change Impacts on Viti Levu (Fiji) and Aitutaki
... In principle objectives 1 and 3 have been successfully attained within the duration of the project. SimCLIM development has been completed and a robust version of the model will be available shortly, however, this is beyond this project. Objective 2 had been partially accomplished, mainly because of ...
... In principle objectives 1 and 3 have been successfully attained within the duration of the project. SimCLIM development has been completed and a robust version of the model will be available shortly, however, this is beyond this project. Objective 2 had been partially accomplished, mainly because of ...
implications of long-term scenarios for medium
... Similarly to emissions, there is also an interest in summarising the contribution of different greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in terms of an aggregated number. A commonly used metric here is combined radiative forcing, defined as the difference in solar irradiance absorbed by the Earth and the e ...
... Similarly to emissions, there is also an interest in summarising the contribution of different greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in terms of an aggregated number. A commonly used metric here is combined radiative forcing, defined as the difference in solar irradiance absorbed by the Earth and the e ...
20 July 2012 - Productivity Commission
... with the language in the original draft of the Productivity Commission report and I will go into some detail why. It comes from my personal perspective about working, trying to actually drive adaptation planning reform through communities in South Australia. The next few graphs are taken from Levist ...
... with the language in the original draft of the Productivity Commission report and I will go into some detail why. It comes from my personal perspective about working, trying to actually drive adaptation planning reform through communities in South Australia. The next few graphs are taken from Levist ...
Can actuaries really afford to ignore climate
... bushfire, cyclones and riverine floods. This wide range reflects the uncertainty in the level of future emissions, the lack of certainty on the impact of climate change on natural perils in Australia, and calls for further climate science research that can be used at a local level. In particular, ...
... bushfire, cyclones and riverine floods. This wide range reflects the uncertainty in the level of future emissions, the lack of certainty on the impact of climate change on natural perils in Australia, and calls for further climate science research that can be used at a local level. In particular, ...
skuras
... a global population that peaks in mid-century and rapid introduction of new and more efficient technologies. A1 is divided into three groups that describe alternative directions of technological change: fossil intensive (A1FI), non-fossil energy resources (A1T) and a balance across all sources (A1B) ...
... a global population that peaks in mid-century and rapid introduction of new and more efficient technologies. A1 is divided into three groups that describe alternative directions of technological change: fossil intensive (A1FI), non-fossil energy resources (A1T) and a balance across all sources (A1B) ...
Climate politics in the lower Mekong basin
... Climate change is predicted to intensify concerns over water security within or between countries in international river basins (Nordås and Gleditsch 2007; Michel and Pandya 2009; De Stefanoet al. 2012). Projected impacts have the potential to disturb hydro-political balances and aggravate existing ...
... Climate change is predicted to intensify concerns over water security within or between countries in international river basins (Nordås and Gleditsch 2007; Michel and Pandya 2009; De Stefanoet al. 2012). Projected impacts have the potential to disturb hydro-political balances and aggravate existing ...
Personal Efficacy, the Information Environment
... like stem-cell research, where scientists will line up on opposing sides to debate the scientific merits of differing positions. In fact, Bord, O’Connor, and Fisher (2000, p. 215) report that “[a]ccurate knowledge of global warming is the strongest single predictor of behavioral intentions . . .”.(5 ...
... like stem-cell research, where scientists will line up on opposing sides to debate the scientific merits of differing positions. In fact, Bord, O’Connor, and Fisher (2000, p. 215) report that “[a]ccurate knowledge of global warming is the strongest single predictor of behavioral intentions . . .”.(5 ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.