U_Toronto_Jan2007 - Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
... (2) The feedback’s simulated strength in the seasonal cycle is highly correlated with its strength in climate change. We compared snow albedo feedback's strength in the real seasonal cycle to simulated values. They mostly fall well outside the range of the observed estimate, suggesting many models h ...
... (2) The feedback’s simulated strength in the seasonal cycle is highly correlated with its strength in climate change. We compared snow albedo feedback's strength in the real seasonal cycle to simulated values. They mostly fall well outside the range of the observed estimate, suggesting many models h ...
2. Scope of a possible GMES Climate Change Contribution
... Thus the above requirements on the past to present state of the climate system will in principle also apply to forward-looking studies. However, there will be limitations on some of the aspects, due to limitations in both global and downscaled regional climate change models. There are various causes ...
... Thus the above requirements on the past to present state of the climate system will in principle also apply to forward-looking studies. However, there will be limitations on some of the aspects, due to limitations in both global and downscaled regional climate change models. There are various causes ...
Influence of Ocean and Atmosphere Components on
... that need to be constrained in order to reduce uncertainty can be determined. In this paper, we employ this strategy at a very coarse level by exploring the impact of the atmosphere and ocean component employed on the coupled climate model responses of global temperature, Northern Hemisphere sea ice ...
... that need to be constrained in order to reduce uncertainty can be determined. In this paper, we employ this strategy at a very coarse level by exploring the impact of the atmosphere and ocean component employed on the coupled climate model responses of global temperature, Northern Hemisphere sea ice ...
7.6 adaptation
... concern that climate change is a significant threat to sustainable development, especially to non-Annex I Parties. Identifying which regions, populations and food production systems are at greatest risk from climate change can help in setting priorities for adaptation. This chapter focuses on the me ...
... concern that climate change is a significant threat to sustainable development, especially to non-Annex I Parties. Identifying which regions, populations and food production systems are at greatest risk from climate change can help in setting priorities for adaptation. This chapter focuses on the me ...
Working Paper 177 - Grodecka & Kuralbayeva (opens in new window)
... 5. Future generations and social justice 6. Growth and the economy 7. International environmental negotiations 8. Modelling and decision making 9. Private sector adaptation, risk and insurance More information about the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment can be found a ...
... 5. Future generations and social justice 6. Growth and the economy 7. International environmental negotiations 8. Modelling and decision making 9. Private sector adaptation, risk and insurance More information about the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment can be found a ...
Document
... and Smith, 2006; Foresight, 2011). In the past few decades, potential linkages and implications of climate change on human mobility have taken hold in the literature. Yet, significant debates exist regarding the climate change and migration topic (Bettini, 2013; Hartmann, 2010). Most of these discus ...
... and Smith, 2006; Foresight, 2011). In the past few decades, potential linkages and implications of climate change on human mobility have taken hold in the literature. Yet, significant debates exist regarding the climate change and migration topic (Bettini, 2013; Hartmann, 2010). Most of these discus ...
Human Impacts on Weather and Climate - Recent Research Results
... other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require summing asymmetric uncertainty estimates ...
... other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require summing asymmetric uncertainty estimates ...
Climate Change Strategy 2009-2014
... All key climate change risks and their consequences have been considered in detail in the preparation of this strategy. The risk identification, assessment and priority ranking report is located in Appendix B: Climate Change Strategy risk response matrix. Within the strategy, action is proposed to m ...
... All key climate change risks and their consequences have been considered in detail in the preparation of this strategy. The risk identification, assessment and priority ranking report is located in Appendix B: Climate Change Strategy risk response matrix. Within the strategy, action is proposed to m ...
Climate Trends and Impacts in China
... World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, co ...
... World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, co ...
The demographic impacts of shifts in climate means and extremes
... performance or the costs of metabolic processes, and altering development (Hofmann & Todgham 2010). Characterizing the temperature sensitivity of these processes is a major challenge for forecasting responses to climate change (Chown et al. 2010). Most predictions of climate change impacts are based ...
... performance or the costs of metabolic processes, and altering development (Hofmann & Todgham 2010). Characterizing the temperature sensitivity of these processes is a major challenge for forecasting responses to climate change (Chown et al. 2010). Most predictions of climate change impacts are based ...
VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN MEXICAN ARID
... Water- Sinaloa has eleven rivers with a total of twelve dams. Its currents have an annual mean of 15,169 million cubic meters of water, contributing with the 2.44% of the hydrological resources of the national GDP. Its natural mean per capita water availability is considered in medium levels, with a ...
... Water- Sinaloa has eleven rivers with a total of twelve dams. Its currents have an annual mean of 15,169 million cubic meters of water, contributing with the 2.44% of the hydrological resources of the national GDP. Its natural mean per capita water availability is considered in medium levels, with a ...
China - Open Knowledge Repository
... World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, co ...
... World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, co ...
Should we believe model predictions of future climate
... computational capacity and thus finer resolution will improve the simulation. For empirical relationships where there is no fundamental underlying law (such as the effect of the tree on the land surface), the limiting factor is probably our understanding rather than the computational capacity. A vari ...
... computational capacity and thus finer resolution will improve the simulation. For empirical relationships where there is no fundamental underlying law (such as the effect of the tree on the land surface), the limiting factor is probably our understanding rather than the computational capacity. A vari ...
Climate Change and US National Security
... China create a danger of the equivalent of the interwar period between World War I and World War II, with both countries unable and unwilling to provide sufficient leadership to generate the global public good of climate protection. While the breakdown in cooperation on climate change is a possibil ...
... China create a danger of the equivalent of the interwar period between World War I and World War II, with both countries unable and unwilling to provide sufficient leadership to generate the global public good of climate protection. While the breakdown in cooperation on climate change is a possibil ...
Research Article Environmetrics
... The data for radiative forcings are not direct observations but rather estimates with specified uncertainties based on (temperatureindependent) information from several sources. These estimates are given for each hemisphere and each year from 1750 to 2007. The uncertainty distributions for the radia ...
... The data for radiative forcings are not direct observations but rather estimates with specified uncertainties based on (temperatureindependent) information from several sources. These estimates are given for each hemisphere and each year from 1750 to 2007. The uncertainty distributions for the radia ...
Reasonably foreseeable futures
... change impacts, but considered them only with respect to the outcome of the project itself, while ignoring climate change impacts on the resources affected by the project. In 38 EISs (25%), the discussion of climate change considered only the project’s greenhouse gas emissions footprint, with no men ...
... change impacts, but considered them only with respect to the outcome of the project itself, while ignoring climate change impacts on the resources affected by the project. In 38 EISs (25%), the discussion of climate change considered only the project’s greenhouse gas emissions footprint, with no men ...
Here - MtnClim 2016
... and assess past range contraction. A subset of 564 yellow-cedar plots which had previous measurements from 1995-1998 was used to estimate recent population change for more than 65 percent of the area where yellow-cedar occurs in Alaska. We estimate there are 1.39 billion live yellow-cedar trees in A ...
... and assess past range contraction. A subset of 564 yellow-cedar plots which had previous measurements from 1995-1998 was used to estimate recent population change for more than 65 percent of the area where yellow-cedar occurs in Alaska. We estimate there are 1.39 billion live yellow-cedar trees in A ...
Projected pH reductions by 2100 might put deep
... in pH, pH = −log10[H+ ]), referred to as ocean acidification (IPCC, 2011). Experimental and modelling studies provide compelling evidence that ocean acidification will put marine ecosystems at risk (e.g. Orr et al., 2005; Kroeker et al., 2013). However, with the exception of assessments focusing on ...
... in pH, pH = −log10[H+ ]), referred to as ocean acidification (IPCC, 2011). Experimental and modelling studies provide compelling evidence that ocean acidification will put marine ecosystems at risk (e.g. Orr et al., 2005; Kroeker et al., 2013). However, with the exception of assessments focusing on ...
aberdeen beach case study
... In recent years Aberdeen beach has seen developments which have significantly altered the beach and will continue to affect it for the foreseeable future. This section will examine the background to these events as well as providing some contextual information on the beach and its importance to the ...
... In recent years Aberdeen beach has seen developments which have significantly altered the beach and will continue to affect it for the foreseeable future. This section will examine the background to these events as well as providing some contextual information on the beach and its importance to the ...
Climate change and the greenhouse effect
... This activity directly relates a student’s personal car travel with a carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) release of greenhouse gases, by using an online carbon calculator. Demonstrating the greenhouse effect This experiment demonstrates that an atmosphere high in carbon dioxide increases in temperatu ...
... This activity directly relates a student’s personal car travel with a carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) release of greenhouse gases, by using an online carbon calculator. Demonstrating the greenhouse effect This experiment demonstrates that an atmosphere high in carbon dioxide increases in temperatu ...
PDF
... Disaster risk reduction (DRR) plays an important role in this context. Over and over, medium- and large-scale disasters have undermined or made void decade-long poverty reduction efforts, especially in the unindustrialized countries. The global annual average economic losses from natural hazards to ...
... Disaster risk reduction (DRR) plays an important role in this context. Over and over, medium- and large-scale disasters have undermined or made void decade-long poverty reduction efforts, especially in the unindustrialized countries. The global annual average economic losses from natural hazards to ...
PDF
... the effect of different production systems, domestic and border policies. The IPCC in its guidelines produces default emission factors for different sources of gases, for a maximum of eight regions of the world 3 . Greenhouse gases (GHG) are incorporated into the model through the equation 32. In th ...
... the effect of different production systems, domestic and border policies. The IPCC in its guidelines produces default emission factors for different sources of gases, for a maximum of eight regions of the world 3 . Greenhouse gases (GHG) are incorporated into the model through the equation 32. In th ...
Macedonia: National Climate Vulnerability Assessment
... to European and global community. The frequent extreme weather conditions – rains and flood, heat waves and droughts – reduced snow falls, increased temperatures and rising sea level will increasingly have more and more influence on the livelihood, food production, energy, infrastructure, ecosystems ...
... to European and global community. The frequent extreme weather conditions – rains and flood, heat waves and droughts – reduced snow falls, increased temperatures and rising sea level will increasingly have more and more influence on the livelihood, food production, energy, infrastructure, ecosystems ...
Climate Role Play
... intention is that the agreement should include all industrial countries as well as developing countries with fast growing economies. At the same time, the agreement will support developing countries so that their emissions can be limited without risking their economic development. The international ...
... intention is that the agreement should include all industrial countries as well as developing countries with fast growing economies. At the same time, the agreement will support developing countries so that their emissions can be limited without risking their economic development. The international ...
Innovations LIVE - Inter-American Development Bank
... climate change, one concept keeps resurfacing: the need to innovate Climate change is changing the business as usual, which means changing policy priorities or allocating resources to actions previously underfunded. But also, changing business as usual is an opportunity to do things differently, and ...
... climate change, one concept keeps resurfacing: the need to innovate Climate change is changing the business as usual, which means changing policy priorities or allocating resources to actions previously underfunded. But also, changing business as usual is an opportunity to do things differently, and ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.