Preventing El Niño Southern Oscillation Episodes from Becoming
... focused on prevention and bridged the humanitarian-development nexus. Despite the progress made and an abundance of good practice examples, there is no question that a much greater sense of focus and urgency is required to ensure that future ENSO events do not result in the scale of emergency caused ...
... focused on prevention and bridged the humanitarian-development nexus. Despite the progress made and an abundance of good practice examples, there is no question that a much greater sense of focus and urgency is required to ensure that future ENSO events do not result in the scale of emergency caused ...
Incorporating estuaries as a source or sink of
... Coastal hazard and risk assessments have typically focused on open coasts subject to marine climate drivers. However, along the New South Wales coast, many more people live on the margins of estuaries or other coastal water bodies than along the open shoreline. The impact of climate change will be f ...
... Coastal hazard and risk assessments have typically focused on open coasts subject to marine climate drivers. However, along the New South Wales coast, many more people live on the margins of estuaries or other coastal water bodies than along the open shoreline. The impact of climate change will be f ...
The net climate impact of coal
... Coal combustion currently produces roughly 27% of the world’s energy, second only to crude oil, and is the largest single source of electricity (∼41%). Coal is also a major industrial and residential fuel in some countries. At current consumption rates, enough reserves are available to last more tha ...
... Coal combustion currently produces roughly 27% of the world’s energy, second only to crude oil, and is the largest single source of electricity (∼41%). Coal is also a major industrial and residential fuel in some countries. At current consumption rates, enough reserves are available to last more tha ...
Chapter 6- Canada in a Changing Climate: Sector Perspectives on
... Climate-related shifts in species distributions have already been documented in Canada. Future range shifts will include expansion, contraction and fragmentation in species-specific patterns. In many locations, differential range shifts among species are likely to result in novel ecosystems. Phenolo ...
... Climate-related shifts in species distributions have already been documented in Canada. Future range shifts will include expansion, contraction and fragmentation in species-specific patterns. In many locations, differential range shifts among species are likely to result in novel ecosystems. Phenolo ...
Modelling the effects of climate and land cover change on
... temperature increased by +6.4 ◦ C and rainfall decreased by 20 percent annually, stream flow increased by 5.7 percent. Legesse et al. (2003) used the PRMS model and found that, in a tropical catchment in Ethiopia, a decrease in rainfall of 10 percent led to a reduction in stream flow of 30 percent, ...
... temperature increased by +6.4 ◦ C and rainfall decreased by 20 percent annually, stream flow increased by 5.7 percent. Legesse et al. (2003) used the PRMS model and found that, in a tropical catchment in Ethiopia, a decrease in rainfall of 10 percent led to a reduction in stream flow of 30 percent, ...
Bunker Fuels and the Kyoto Protocol How ICAO and the IMO Failed
... Bunker fuel is technically any type of fuel used aboard ships and acquired its name from the containers used to store fuel onboard or in ports. The name subsequently came to be applied to aviation fuel as well. There was considerable discussion of bunker fuels at the Earth Summit in Rio in 1994 and ...
... Bunker fuel is technically any type of fuel used aboard ships and acquired its name from the containers used to store fuel onboard or in ports. The name subsequently came to be applied to aviation fuel as well. There was considerable discussion of bunker fuels at the Earth Summit in Rio in 1994 and ...
Incorporating climate change into recovery planning for threatened
... expected to be vulnerable to climate change impacts (e.g. Bagne et al. 2014) due for example to their small population sizes, restricted distributions, or reliance of specific habitats (Thomas et al. 2011). Investigations of how climate change has been addressed in recovery planning are limited. Pov ...
... expected to be vulnerable to climate change impacts (e.g. Bagne et al. 2014) due for example to their small population sizes, restricted distributions, or reliance of specific habitats (Thomas et al. 2011). Investigations of how climate change has been addressed in recovery planning are limited. Pov ...
China`s Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change
... as well as some key fields such as waste recovery and processing and utilizing of reusable resources. In 2008, China recycled and reused 72 million tons of waste steel, 5.2 million tons of non-ferrous metal, and more than 16 million tons of plastics, ranking first in the world. Organizing the Implem ...
... as well as some key fields such as waste recovery and processing and utilizing of reusable resources. In 2008, China recycled and reused 72 million tons of waste steel, 5.2 million tons of non-ferrous metal, and more than 16 million tons of plastics, ranking first in the world. Organizing the Implem ...
The impact of climate change on domestic and international tourism
... higher altitudes and latitudes. The redistribution of tourism flows could negatively affect countries and regions that depend heavily on income from tourism. On the other hand, it could also bring benefits to places that are currently not popular with tourists. The size of this impact is potentially ...
... higher altitudes and latitudes. The redistribution of tourism flows could negatively affect countries and regions that depend heavily on income from tourism. On the other hand, it could also bring benefits to places that are currently not popular with tourists. The size of this impact is potentially ...
The Gap of Climate Adaptation Development of the Spatial Planning
... prepare for adverse impacts and attempt to minimize those risks. 2.2.2 Risk-hazard oriented adaptation and adaptation options The risk-hazard framework, drawn primarily from risk and disaster management, focuses on the adverse effects that natural hazards and other climate impacts can have on a give ...
... prepare for adverse impacts and attempt to minimize those risks. 2.2.2 Risk-hazard oriented adaptation and adaptation options The risk-hazard framework, drawn primarily from risk and disaster management, focuses on the adverse effects that natural hazards and other climate impacts can have on a give ...
CO2 Greenhouse calcs - Digging in the Clay
... The EU Nations who are reviewing their commitments in opposition the central European Union policy include: ...
... The EU Nations who are reviewing their commitments in opposition the central European Union policy include: ...
Integrating Climate-Change Adaptation into Sectoral Policies in Ireland Report Series No. 10
... n Independent reporting to inform decision making by national and local government. ...
... n Independent reporting to inform decision making by national and local government. ...
Potential effects of climate change on geographic distribution
... the need to include also the areas where recent (Pliocene and Pleistocene) Davidia fossils have been found. As the modeling algorithm, we employed the maximum entropy algorithm as implemented in MaxEnt v. 3.3 30, whose output is a map of habitat suitability ranging from 0 to 1 per grid cell. MaxEnt ...
... the need to include also the areas where recent (Pliocene and Pleistocene) Davidia fossils have been found. As the modeling algorithm, we employed the maximum entropy algorithm as implemented in MaxEnt v. 3.3 30, whose output is a map of habitat suitability ranging from 0 to 1 per grid cell. MaxEnt ...
Climate change prediction over complex areas: spatial variability of
... (Mediterranean and Atlantic), since these factors exert significant control over the regional climate (VicenteSerrano and López–Moreno, 2006). These variables were taken into account through two layers in which the distances to the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean were calculated using Geog ...
... (Mediterranean and Atlantic), since these factors exert significant control over the regional climate (VicenteSerrano and López–Moreno, 2006). These variables were taken into account through two layers in which the distances to the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean were calculated using Geog ...
Primer on Short-Lived Climate Pollutants
... We would like to thank our outside reviewers for their valuable contributions. About IGSD IGSD’s mission is to promote just and sustainable societies and to protect the environment by advancing the understanding, development, and implementation of effective, accountable, and democratic systems of go ...
... We would like to thank our outside reviewers for their valuable contributions. About IGSD IGSD’s mission is to promote just and sustainable societies and to protect the environment by advancing the understanding, development, and implementation of effective, accountable, and democratic systems of go ...
Sweden facing climate change - Government Offices of Sweden
... has concluded that global warming so far has been 0.7 degrees over the last 100 years. The rate of warming in the last 50 years has been almost double that in the whole 100-year period, and it is very likely that this has been largely caused by human activities. The mean global temperature will in a ...
... has concluded that global warming so far has been 0.7 degrees over the last 100 years. The rate of warming in the last 50 years has been almost double that in the whole 100-year period, and it is very likely that this has been largely caused by human activities. The mean global temperature will in a ...
Climate change prediction over complex areas: spatial variability of
... (Mediterranean and Atlantic), since these factors exert significant control over the regional climate (VicenteSerrano and López–Moreno, 2006). These variables were taken into account through two layers in which the distances to the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean were calculated using Geog ...
... (Mediterranean and Atlantic), since these factors exert significant control over the regional climate (VicenteSerrano and López–Moreno, 2006). These variables were taken into account through two layers in which the distances to the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean were calculated using Geog ...
Paleoecological evidence for abrupt cold reversals during peak
... 2005; Antonsson et al., 2006; Brooks, 2006). For this study, at least 50 whole head capsules per sample were extracted and prepared following standard methods (e.g., Walker, 2001). Forty-six samples were analyzed, with sampling concentrated in the early Holocene. July air temperature inferences were ...
... 2005; Antonsson et al., 2006; Brooks, 2006). For this study, at least 50 whole head capsules per sample were extracted and prepared following standard methods (e.g., Walker, 2001). Forty-six samples were analyzed, with sampling concentrated in the early Holocene. July air temperature inferences were ...
English - Stockholm Convention
... Convention using the criteria in the annexes D -F to the Convention. The initial review is a screening of the chemical properties against the criteria in Annex D, if considered fulfilled the POPRC proceeds to the second stage and develops a global risk profile according to the criteria in Annex E an ...
... Convention using the criteria in the annexes D -F to the Convention. The initial review is a screening of the chemical properties against the criteria in Annex D, if considered fulfilled the POPRC proceeds to the second stage and develops a global risk profile according to the criteria in Annex E an ...
Resilient Midwestern Cities - Neighborhood Solutions Inc.
... adverse health and economic effects. A major initiative is therefore underway in the Ann Arbor area to increase equitable access to public transit. Although bus service has been widely accessible in the city of Ann Arbor itself, the neighboring city of Ypsilanti—which is less economically prosperous ...
... adverse health and economic effects. A major initiative is therefore underway in the Ann Arbor area to increase equitable access to public transit. Although bus service has been widely accessible in the city of Ann Arbor itself, the neighboring city of Ypsilanti—which is less economically prosperous ...
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON MAIN AGRICULTURE CROPS IN
... 2080s. The precipitation reduction will be more extended in the RM’s AEZs during summer; the greatest rainfall reduction from 8.4% (B1) to 26.4% (A2) is projected in the Southern and the lowest one from 4.6% (B1) to 16.1% (A2) in the Northern areas, see more in Taranu et al., 2012 [35]. 2.2. Crops a ...
... 2080s. The precipitation reduction will be more extended in the RM’s AEZs during summer; the greatest rainfall reduction from 8.4% (B1) to 26.4% (A2) is projected in the Southern and the lowest one from 4.6% (B1) to 16.1% (A2) in the Northern areas, see more in Taranu et al., 2012 [35]. 2.2. Crops a ...
Climate change and challenges for conservation
... CHANGES IN BIODIVERSITY SINCE THE 1950 s DUE TO HUMAN ACTIVITIES HAVE been more rapid than at any time in human history 1 and according to some, we are currently living “amid a global wave of anthropogenically driven biodiversity loss” 2. To date, much of this loss has been driven by pressures such ...
... CHANGES IN BIODIVERSITY SINCE THE 1950 s DUE TO HUMAN ACTIVITIES HAVE been more rapid than at any time in human history 1 and according to some, we are currently living “amid a global wave of anthropogenically driven biodiversity loss” 2. To date, much of this loss has been driven by pressures such ...
element 8 | energy and climate change
... trapping solar radiation. This phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect. Modern human activity, most notably the burning of fossil fuels for transportation and electricity generation, introduces large amounts of carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere. Reductions in the planet’s fores ...
... trapping solar radiation. This phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect. Modern human activity, most notably the burning of fossil fuels for transportation and electricity generation, introduces large amounts of carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere. Reductions in the planet’s fores ...
Blue Jeans, Chewing Gum, and Climate Change Litigation
... Nicola Scafetta, Climate Change and Its Causes: A Discussion About Some Key Issues, Sci. & Pub. Pol’y Institute 4–5 (Mar. 18, 2010), http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org/images/stories/papers/originals/ climate_change_cause.pdf (observing that over 30,000 scientists in the United States (among them 9,0 ...
... Nicola Scafetta, Climate Change and Its Causes: A Discussion About Some Key Issues, Sci. & Pub. Pol’y Institute 4–5 (Mar. 18, 2010), http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org/images/stories/papers/originals/ climate_change_cause.pdf (observing that over 30,000 scientists in the United States (among them 9,0 ...
Guidance to the interaction between POPs and climate change and
... The guidance is divided in three main parts; a general part with background information, a part with recommendations on how to evaluate and weight evidence of climate impact in the different review processes and a more practical step-by-step manual on how to collect and evaluate data. Section 4 desc ...
... The guidance is divided in three main parts; a general part with background information, a part with recommendations on how to evaluate and weight evidence of climate impact in the different review processes and a more practical step-by-step manual on how to collect and evaluate data. Section 4 desc ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.