Global warming and thermohaline circulation stability
... catches attention in the context of widespread discussion of global warming. Second, the palaeoclimatic evidence for large, rapid climate shifts in the past, linked to the THC (see Alley 2003) emphasizes the potentially large climate changes involved. Third, a number of more-or-less simple models of ...
... catches attention in the context of widespread discussion of global warming. Second, the palaeoclimatic evidence for large, rapid climate shifts in the past, linked to the THC (see Alley 2003) emphasizes the potentially large climate changes involved. Third, a number of more-or-less simple models of ...
Introduction
... Task 6.2.1: Preparation of impact models for scenario analysis (DJF, DISAT, FUB, SMHI, UREADMM) (Completed) Task 6.2.2: Collection of data for the calibration and testing of impact models and as reference data for model input (DISAT, FUB, ULUND, UREADMM) (Completed) Task 6.2.3: Design of sensitivity ...
... Task 6.2.1: Preparation of impact models for scenario analysis (DJF, DISAT, FUB, SMHI, UREADMM) (Completed) Task 6.2.2: Collection of data for the calibration and testing of impact models and as reference data for model input (DISAT, FUB, ULUND, UREADMM) (Completed) Task 6.2.3: Design of sensitivity ...
1 - WordPress.com
... I offer some assumptions. First, I take it as incontrovertible that global climate change is real, anthropogenically caused, and heralds serious consequences for how global ecosystems function – and thus how human and nonhuman lives flourish. While climate scientists do not all agree on exactly how ...
... I offer some assumptions. First, I take it as incontrovertible that global climate change is real, anthropogenically caused, and heralds serious consequences for how global ecosystems function – and thus how human and nonhuman lives flourish. While climate scientists do not all agree on exactly how ...
An Independent National Adaptation Programme for England (625 kB) (opens in new window)
... risks. But less frequent events, like the 2007 floods and 2003 heat wave, can have a significant impact on society, economic output and essential services. Climate change will exacerbate these risks. Adaptation is about risk management – to reduce harm and exploit the potential benefits of climate c ...
... risks. But less frequent events, like the 2007 floods and 2003 heat wave, can have a significant impact on society, economic output and essential services. Climate change will exacerbate these risks. Adaptation is about risk management – to reduce harm and exploit the potential benefits of climate c ...
Author`s personal copy
... climate variability (Cao et al., 2003; Piao et al., 2003, 2005) and future climate change (Xiao et al., 1998; Gao et al., 2000; Ni et al., 2001). Recent estimates of forest biomass carbon in China suggested that Chinese forest ecosystems were acting as a carbon sink during the past decades (Fang et ...
... climate variability (Cao et al., 2003; Piao et al., 2003, 2005) and future climate change (Xiao et al., 1998; Gao et al., 2000; Ni et al., 2001). Recent estimates of forest biomass carbon in China suggested that Chinese forest ecosystems were acting as a carbon sink during the past decades (Fang et ...
... allowances or tax credit. These rebates have been proposed to address competitiveness effects; however, limitations with these measures may also exist. For example, output-based rebates may increase costs for industries that do not receive them, under certain conditions. How a trade measure is ultim ...
3.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
... States. The CAA does not specifically regulate GHG emissions; however, on April 2, 2007, the U.S. Supreme Court in Massachusetts v. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency determined that GHGs are pollutants that can be regulated under the CAA. Currently, there are no federal regulations that establish ...
... States. The CAA does not specifically regulate GHG emissions; however, on April 2, 2007, the U.S. Supreme Court in Massachusetts v. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency determined that GHGs are pollutants that can be regulated under the CAA. Currently, there are no federal regulations that establish ...
Climate Action Plan - Walking Mountains Science Center
... Due to these local effects of climate change, communities across the state of Colorado and the U.S. are creating their own climate action plans and making significant commitments to reduce GHG emissions. Climate Action Plan for the Eagle County Community | Page 6 ...
... Due to these local effects of climate change, communities across the state of Colorado and the U.S. are creating their own climate action plans and making significant commitments to reduce GHG emissions. Climate Action Plan for the Eagle County Community | Page 6 ...
A comment on climate change, conflict and forced migration
... persons, but protection and assistance will largely depend on whether or not international organisations include them in their mandates. While there is often political will, money and media coverage when sudden disasters hit, those who move primarily due to gradual environmental degradation are ofte ...
... persons, but protection and assistance will largely depend on whether or not international organisations include them in their mandates. While there is often political will, money and media coverage when sudden disasters hit, those who move primarily due to gradual environmental degradation are ofte ...
Agricultural Technologies for Climate Change Mitigation and
... often in ways that alter the impact of weather on production and of production on carbon emissions. We describe some technologies that seem particularly promising in mitigating or adapting to climate change and use these as a platform for exploring the policies and institutions necessary to support ...
... often in ways that alter the impact of weather on production and of production on carbon emissions. We describe some technologies that seem particularly promising in mitigating or adapting to climate change and use these as a platform for exploring the policies and institutions necessary to support ...
CRS Report for Congress Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Conflicting Situations, Conflicting Perspectives
... by all nations) and what actions should be “differentiated” (i.e., undertaken only by developed ones). Under the UNFCCC and the subsequent Kyoto Protocol, common actions include the responsibility to monitor and report emissions; differentiated actions include the commitment to reduce emissions to a ...
... by all nations) and what actions should be “differentiated” (i.e., undertaken only by developed ones). Under the UNFCCC and the subsequent Kyoto Protocol, common actions include the responsibility to monitor and report emissions; differentiated actions include the commitment to reduce emissions to a ...
Comparison of Carbon Offset Standards for Climate Forestation
... There are four main Carbon Offset Standards that can be applied globally and that are currently active within the Voluntary Carbon Market; these are: Community, Climate, and Biodiversity Standard (CCBS), the CarbonFix Standard (CFS), the Plan Vivo Systems and Standard, and the AFOLU Voluntary Carbon ...
... There are four main Carbon Offset Standards that can be applied globally and that are currently active within the Voluntary Carbon Market; these are: Community, Climate, and Biodiversity Standard (CCBS), the CarbonFix Standard (CFS), the Plan Vivo Systems and Standard, and the AFOLU Voluntary Carbon ...
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access
... Effects of Destination Climate Variability on Seasonal Tourism Demand By using statistical models, Agnew and Palutikof (2006) analyzed the effect of climate variability, including both intra- and interannual scales, on the UK tourism demand. The results showed that the United Kingdom’s outbound tour ...
... Effects of Destination Climate Variability on Seasonal Tourism Demand By using statistical models, Agnew and Palutikof (2006) analyzed the effect of climate variability, including both intra- and interannual scales, on the UK tourism demand. The results showed that the United Kingdom’s outbound tour ...
Climate change hits home
... sea level rise and areas at risk of urban heat-island effects alongside demographic information to reveal which populations may be most exposed to flooding or extreme heat. A vulnerability assessment for a wastewater system might model the system’s performance under a range of predicted future storm ...
... sea level rise and areas at risk of urban heat-island effects alongside demographic information to reveal which populations may be most exposed to flooding or extreme heat. A vulnerability assessment for a wastewater system might model the system’s performance under a range of predicted future storm ...
PDF
... 2.6%, respectively, with a variance of 71.3% for a doubling of CO2 (equivalent to a 2.5 °C increase relative to pre-industrial temperature using the IPCC consensus of the time). These results are roughly the same as Nordhaus’ (1994) scenario A. Using these and other survey results with respect to un ...
... 2.6%, respectively, with a variance of 71.3% for a doubling of CO2 (equivalent to a 2.5 °C increase relative to pre-industrial temperature using the IPCC consensus of the time). These results are roughly the same as Nordhaus’ (1994) scenario A. Using these and other survey results with respect to un ...
Effects of Climate Change in Amphibians and Reptiles
... specialization, 2) reduced population size, 3) long generation time, 4) fluctuating abundance, 5) low reproductive rate, and 6) complex life cycles. These characteristics suit species more vulnerable to threats (Reed & Shine, 2002; Williams & Hero, 1998). The traits alone may not cause the decline, ...
... specialization, 2) reduced population size, 3) long generation time, 4) fluctuating abundance, 5) low reproductive rate, and 6) complex life cycles. These characteristics suit species more vulnerable to threats (Reed & Shine, 2002; Williams & Hero, 1998). The traits alone may not cause the decline, ...
EuTRACE - IASS Potsdam
... adaptation, have been documented in the assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In this context, various researchers, policy makers, and other stakeholders have also begun to consider “climate engineering” (also known as “geoengineering” or “climate intervention”) ...
... adaptation, have been documented in the assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In this context, various researchers, policy makers, and other stakeholders have also begun to consider “climate engineering” (also known as “geoengineering” or “climate intervention”) ...
Post-2012 Climate Change Negotiation Simulation
... useful to give an overview of principled negotiation theory using the introduction to negotiation slides available on Energy + Environment OpenCourseWare (eeocw.org). The “References” section below provides resources available on negotiation. These include Getting to Yes (Fisher, Ury and Patton) and ...
... useful to give an overview of principled negotiation theory using the introduction to negotiation slides available on Energy + Environment OpenCourseWare (eeocw.org). The “References” section below provides resources available on negotiation. These include Getting to Yes (Fisher, Ury and Patton) and ...
PDF
... Irrigation adoption has been suggested as an important adaptive response to lessening the adverse effects of climate change on crop production. However, changes in the availability of water supplies may limit potential for irrigation expansion in some areas. Meanwhile, irrigation demand is projected ...
... Irrigation adoption has been suggested as an important adaptive response to lessening the adverse effects of climate change on crop production. However, changes in the availability of water supplies may limit potential for irrigation expansion in some areas. Meanwhile, irrigation demand is projected ...
Perspectives on Canada`s West Coast region
... property and infrastructure in the region are vulnerable, and communities have begun to take action to reduce the risk through adaptation measures such as shoreline protection. Marine ecosystems will be affected as species move northward in response to warmer water. Southern species will expand t ...
... property and infrastructure in the region are vulnerable, and communities have begun to take action to reduce the risk through adaptation measures such as shoreline protection. Marine ecosystems will be affected as species move northward in response to warmer water. Southern species will expand t ...
climate change: realities of relocation for alaska native villages
... grounds throughout the year. However, beginning around the turn of the 20th century, Alaska Natives were forced to settle by the U.S. government, creating a dependence on the immediate area and subsequent vulnerability to events like erosion and flooding (MOVE 2010). Climate change creates more ex ...
... grounds throughout the year. However, beginning around the turn of the 20th century, Alaska Natives were forced to settle by the U.S. government, creating a dependence on the immediate area and subsequent vulnerability to events like erosion and flooding (MOVE 2010). Climate change creates more ex ...
Impact of Climate Change and Human Activity on the Runoff
... human activity in the hydrological cycle is becoming more intensive (Dong et al.,2012). With ...
... human activity in the hydrological cycle is becoming more intensive (Dong et al.,2012). With ...
Development finance and climate finance - IIED
... (ODA). For the purposes of this paper, we use the DAC Rio marker definitions of types of climate finance as set Those who stress the differences between development out in Box 1.8 finance and climate finance highlight the text in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Defining the relati ...
... (ODA). For the purposes of this paper, we use the DAC Rio marker definitions of types of climate finance as set Those who stress the differences between development out in Box 1.8 finance and climate finance highlight the text in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Defining the relati ...
geog_466_final_paper - Protected Areas Law Capacity
... years, this could switch to seawater due to sea-level rise. With more than 1,200 miles of coastline, 4,500 square miles of estuaries and bays (including the well-known Florida Bay), and 6,700 square miles of additional coastal waters, South Florida is highly susceptible to the negative consequences ...
... years, this could switch to seawater due to sea-level rise. With more than 1,200 miles of coastline, 4,500 square miles of estuaries and bays (including the well-known Florida Bay), and 6,700 square miles of additional coastal waters, South Florida is highly susceptible to the negative consequences ...
what is climate change? and how it will affect bangladesh
... of infrared or thermal radiation. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere block this infrared radiation from escaping directly from the surface to space (Williams 2002). ...
... of infrared or thermal radiation. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere block this infrared radiation from escaping directly from the surface to space (Williams 2002). ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.