Annex II Risk profile outline
... The polar regions and Mountain zones will experience decreased snow cover, reduced glaciers and permafrost thawing, increased cloudiness and increased precipitation. The polar sea ice will break open and the polar regions will experience an increase in fresh-water run-off. The temperate, mediterrane ...
... The polar regions and Mountain zones will experience decreased snow cover, reduced glaciers and permafrost thawing, increased cloudiness and increased precipitation. The polar sea ice will break open and the polar regions will experience an increase in fresh-water run-off. The temperate, mediterrane ...
Comparing impacts of climate change on streamflow in four large
... results to the available literature sources on future projections of streamflow in Africa, namely De Wit and Stankiewicz (2006) and Strzepek and McCluskey (2007), and several projections for smaller regions. They generally found similar trends in the studies, with decreases in the Sahel region and s ...
... results to the available literature sources on future projections of streamflow in Africa, namely De Wit and Stankiewicz (2006) and Strzepek and McCluskey (2007), and several projections for smaller regions. They generally found similar trends in the studies, with decreases in the Sahel region and s ...
CLIMATE AND DEVELOPMENT COUNTRIES
... The worst case climate scenario would be a run-away greenhouse effect. Anthropogenic emissions warm the climate which may trigger positive feedbacks that release more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (e.g. carbon contained in oceans, forests and wetlands or methane hydrates stored under permafrost ...
... The worst case climate scenario would be a run-away greenhouse effect. Anthropogenic emissions warm the climate which may trigger positive feedbacks that release more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (e.g. carbon contained in oceans, forests and wetlands or methane hydrates stored under permafrost ...
The runaway greenhouse: implications for future climate change
... experiencing now as a result of emissions of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel burning is unprecedented in human history, and the pace of the change is very rapid compared with most past climate change as deduced from palaeoclimate records. It is natural to ask just how bad the problem could be: cou ...
... experiencing now as a result of emissions of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel burning is unprecedented in human history, and the pace of the change is very rapid compared with most past climate change as deduced from palaeoclimate records. It is natural to ask just how bad the problem could be: cou ...
References and Index - UN
... for climate financing: Are they moving in the right direction?’, Opinion Paper No 112, Overseas Development Institute (ODI), London, www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/2402.pdf, last accessed 6 October 2010 Bizikova L., T. Neale and I. Burton (2008) Canadian Communities’ Guidebook for Adaptation to C ...
... for climate financing: Are they moving in the right direction?’, Opinion Paper No 112, Overseas Development Institute (ODI), London, www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/2402.pdf, last accessed 6 October 2010 Bizikova L., T. Neale and I. Burton (2008) Canadian Communities’ Guidebook for Adaptation to C ...
Public attitudes and behavior about climate change: what shapes
... calamitous climate change, we must mobilize the widest possible public support for effective action. To do this effectively, we need to understand the bases of public attitudes and behavior that bear on the problem. This report reviews research findings concerning attitudes and behavior relevant to ...
... calamitous climate change, we must mobilize the widest possible public support for effective action. To do this effectively, we need to understand the bases of public attitudes and behavior that bear on the problem. This report reviews research findings concerning attitudes and behavior relevant to ...
Contested science in the media: linguistic traces of
... Geoengineering has been defined as deliberate large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climate system, in order to moderate global warming (Shepherd et al., 2009). The techniques involved are divided into two main categories. The most controversial is solar radiation management, intended to make the ...
... Geoengineering has been defined as deliberate large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climate system, in order to moderate global warming (Shepherd et al., 2009). The techniques involved are divided into two main categories. The most controversial is solar radiation management, intended to make the ...
Adapting bridge infrastructure to climate change: institutionalizing resilience in intergovernmental transportation planning
... for improvement include standardization and digitization of records, infrastructure resilience monitoring, the expansion of asset inventories, and updating project prioritization guidelines (Johnson 2012). Not long after Tropical Storm Irene, in 2012, Super Storm Sandy caused approximately $5.7 bill ...
... for improvement include standardization and digitization of records, infrastructure resilience monitoring, the expansion of asset inventories, and updating project prioritization guidelines (Johnson 2012). Not long after Tropical Storm Irene, in 2012, Super Storm Sandy caused approximately $5.7 bill ...
A Preliminary Assessment of Ecosystem Vulnerability to Climate
... a policy-making framework, it is certainly more useful to be able to assess vulnerability at the ecosystem scale; however, due to its complexity and inherent uncertainties, this is a task that few have attempted. For example, (Scholze et al. 2006) have looked at the effects of global warming on key ...
... a policy-making framework, it is certainly more useful to be able to assess vulnerability at the ecosystem scale; however, due to its complexity and inherent uncertainties, this is a task that few have attempted. For example, (Scholze et al. 2006) have looked at the effects of global warming on key ...
adaptation to climate change: key terms
... various measures that facilitate vulnerability assessment and adaptation, adaptation has become an increasingly important component of the international climate change dialogue. The Buenos Aires programme of work adopted at COP 10 emphasizes further implementation of specific activities that would e ...
... various measures that facilitate vulnerability assessment and adaptation, adaptation has become an increasingly important component of the international climate change dialogue. The Buenos Aires programme of work adopted at COP 10 emphasizes further implementation of specific activities that would e ...
Conversion of Greenhouse Gasses Into Energy
... my project because it presents complex topics more simplistically. It aids in understanding this complicated topic. The book also brings about an awareness and understanding of additional complex concepts in the project. Dandekar, Hemalata. "Gobar Gas Plants: How Appropriate Are They?" Economic and ...
... my project because it presents complex topics more simplistically. It aids in understanding this complicated topic. The book also brings about an awareness and understanding of additional complex concepts in the project. Dandekar, Hemalata. "Gobar Gas Plants: How Appropriate Are They?" Economic and ...
The Fifth Carbon Budget – The next step towards a low
... There is a cost to tackling climate change. New low-carbon options currently cost more than their existing high-carbon alternatives, in part because the existing technologies and approaches do not face the full costs of their emissions. The role of the Committee, as set out in the Climate Change Act ...
... There is a cost to tackling climate change. New low-carbon options currently cost more than their existing high-carbon alternatives, in part because the existing technologies and approaches do not face the full costs of their emissions. The role of the Committee, as set out in the Climate Change Act ...
Cities` Contribution to Climate Change
... Cities are an organic form of government and often express the aspirations of their citizens more succinctly and quicker than higher levels of government. When these rising voices are credibly articulated, their global impact is considerable, and Climate change will require city administrations to g ...
... Cities are an organic form of government and often express the aspirations of their citizens more succinctly and quicker than higher levels of government. When these rising voices are credibly articulated, their global impact is considerable, and Climate change will require city administrations to g ...
Partisan Group Identity and Belief in Human
... condition. However, between the introduction (mentioning being asked about climate change and the definition) and the consensus information, the following passage appeared: As you have likely heard, the role that humans’ actions play in driving climate change has been a point of debate. Politics nea ...
... condition. However, between the introduction (mentioning being asked about climate change and the definition) and the consensus information, the following passage appeared: As you have likely heard, the role that humans’ actions play in driving climate change has been a point of debate. Politics nea ...
Climate: Observations, projections and impacts
... available to the researchers in the project was used, unless there were good scientific reasons for not doing so. For example, some impacts areas were omitted, such as many of those associated with human health. In this case, these impacts are strongly dependant on local factors and do not easily le ...
... available to the researchers in the project was used, unless there were good scientific reasons for not doing so. For example, some impacts areas were omitted, such as many of those associated with human health. In this case, these impacts are strongly dependant on local factors and do not easily le ...
Small Island States
... communities. In many countries, water already is in short supply because islands (many of which are drought-prone) rely heavily on rainwater from small catchments or limited freshwater lenses. Arable land for crop agriculture often is in short supply; thus, the likely prospect of land loss and soil ...
... communities. In many countries, water already is in short supply because islands (many of which are drought-prone) rely heavily on rainwater from small catchments or limited freshwater lenses. Arable land for crop agriculture often is in short supply; thus, the likely prospect of land loss and soil ...
Legal Tools for Climate Adaptation Advocacy: Flood Insurance
... coastal areas are the most likely to feel dramatic effects. 3 “Virtually certain” sea level rise4 will lead to greater storm surge (the rise in water level above normal tidal variation5), which will exacerbate coastal flooding. Many of these impacts are already being observed; for example, “the heig ...
... coastal areas are the most likely to feel dramatic effects. 3 “Virtually certain” sea level rise4 will lead to greater storm surge (the rise in water level above normal tidal variation5), which will exacerbate coastal flooding. Many of these impacts are already being observed; for example, “the heig ...
DECC Adaptation Strategy for Climate Change Impacts on Biodiversity
... understand the likely impacts from climate change on ecosystems before we can fully understand the potential impacts on human societies and their cultural values. This plan focuses on a technical and scientific approach to improve our understanding of and management responses to impacts, and at this ...
... understand the likely impacts from climate change on ecosystems before we can fully understand the potential impacts on human societies and their cultural values. This plan focuses on a technical and scientific approach to improve our understanding of and management responses to impacts, and at this ...
A Methodology for Constructing Marginal Abatement Cost Curves for
... developing and maintaining low-carbon and zero-waste cities is estimated between $3 trillion and $10 trillion per year [7,8]. Because of these rising numbers, tackling climate action at the city-scale is more constructive to climate action planning than at the country-scale because of the capabiliti ...
... developing and maintaining low-carbon and zero-waste cities is estimated between $3 trillion and $10 trillion per year [7,8]. Because of these rising numbers, tackling climate action at the city-scale is more constructive to climate action planning than at the country-scale because of the capabiliti ...
Center for Economic and Policy Studies Rethinking Environmental
... a level of environmental protection that is too low or too high compared with a socially optimal policy because of limits on the tax and policy instruments at its disposal. The “race to the bottom” is said to occur when capital mobility induces a locality to choose a low level of environmental prote ...
... a level of environmental protection that is too low or too high compared with a socially optimal policy because of limits on the tax and policy instruments at its disposal. The “race to the bottom” is said to occur when capital mobility induces a locality to choose a low level of environmental prote ...
Climate Change Effects on Vegetation Distribution and Carbon
... it been a smooth transition from one vegetation type to another, or have there been abruptchanges and many transitionstates?Has there been a linear decline or an increase in biomass? To complement the "equilibriumsnapshots"provided by the static models and answer these questions, new models have bee ...
... it been a smooth transition from one vegetation type to another, or have there been abruptchanges and many transitionstates?Has there been a linear decline or an increase in biomass? To complement the "equilibriumsnapshots"provided by the static models and answer these questions, new models have bee ...
Pension Fund Trustees and climate change: one Year on Discussion PaPer
... potential impact of climate change have been conservative. An emergency summit held in Copenhagen in March 2009 brought together scientists from all over the world and drew attention to new research findings which indicate much higher temperature rises than previously anticipated and greater sea-lev ...
... potential impact of climate change have been conservative. An emergency summit held in Copenhagen in March 2009 brought together scientists from all over the world and drew attention to new research findings which indicate much higher temperature rises than previously anticipated and greater sea-lev ...
A Greener Dragon? - Department of Defence
... there is considerable potential for climate change to impact significantly on the national security of affected states. 16 However, climate change is also a transnational security issue. While effective state-level policies are critical, individual countries alone cannot remove the climate change th ...
... there is considerable potential for climate change to impact significantly on the national security of affected states. 16 However, climate change is also a transnational security issue. While effective state-level policies are critical, individual countries alone cannot remove the climate change th ...
North Africa: The Impact of Climate Change to
... This paper does not represent US Government views. salinity, which may lead to desertification. Adaptation strategies, including modifications in sowing dates to match climate changes and development of heat-tolerant crop varieties, will likely mitigate some of the expected negative effects on Nort ...
... This paper does not represent US Government views. salinity, which may lead to desertification. Adaptation strategies, including modifications in sowing dates to match climate changes and development of heat-tolerant crop varieties, will likely mitigate some of the expected negative effects on Nort ...
Chapter 3 RESPONDING TO CLIMATE CHANGE: ADAPTATION
... communities in the Cayman Islands to recover from and prepare for tropical storms. Community organization is an important factor in adaptive strategies to build resilience among hillside communities in Bolivia. Recovery from hazards in Cuba is helped by a sense of communal responsibility. Food-shari ...
... communities in the Cayman Islands to recover from and prepare for tropical storms. Community organization is an important factor in adaptive strategies to build resilience among hillside communities in Bolivia. Recovery from hazards in Cuba is helped by a sense of communal responsibility. Food-shari ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.