The growing role of methane in anthropogenic climate change
... methane sources as inferred by process-based bottomup modelling is too large by about 30% compared to the constraint provided by methane atmospheric mixing ratios. The strategy to address this issue requires developing and synthesizing (i) direct methane flux measurements in the field to constrain the ...
... methane sources as inferred by process-based bottomup modelling is too large by about 30% compared to the constraint provided by methane atmospheric mixing ratios. The strategy to address this issue requires developing and synthesizing (i) direct methane flux measurements in the field to constrain the ...
Feeding nine billion in a low emissions economy: Challenging, but
... work have not been brought together sufficiently to give more than broad indications. Technical options exist to mitigate net emissions from agriculture: much work has been done in the last quarter century and longer to develop a menu of options; and there are many pilot programmes trialling inno ...
... work have not been brought together sufficiently to give more than broad indications. Technical options exist to mitigate net emissions from agriculture: much work has been done in the last quarter century and longer to develop a menu of options; and there are many pilot programmes trialling inno ...
reportedly biased - Galileo Movement
... Government’s carbon price policy.” Report author Professor Wendy Bacon also stressed accuracy was not the purpose of the report(pers. commun. 9th Feb 2012): “The purpose of this report was not to establish the accuracy of the items.” The question is: why do both Tom Morton & Wendy Bacon contradict ...
... Government’s carbon price policy.” Report author Professor Wendy Bacon also stressed accuracy was not the purpose of the report(pers. commun. 9th Feb 2012): “The purpose of this report was not to establish the accuracy of the items.” The question is: why do both Tom Morton & Wendy Bacon contradict ...
How Climate Change Uniquely Impacts the Physical, Social and
... climate change such as rising temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns and changes in other weather events (depending on the region). However, it is expected that First Nations will experience the impacts of climate change in ways that most nonAboriginal Canadians will not, due to a heavy rel ...
... climate change such as rising temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns and changes in other weather events (depending on the region). However, it is expected that First Nations will experience the impacts of climate change in ways that most nonAboriginal Canadians will not, due to a heavy rel ...
Malaysia`s First National Communication
... 0.9 cm/year. The second is shoreline erosion, which will account for another few hundred metres of shoreline retreat. The third is increased wave action, which can affect the structural integrity of coastal facilities and installations such as power plants. The last is saline intrusion, which can po ...
... 0.9 cm/year. The second is shoreline erosion, which will account for another few hundred metres of shoreline retreat. The third is increased wave action, which can affect the structural integrity of coastal facilities and installations such as power plants. The last is saline intrusion, which can po ...
Greening of the Earth and its drivers
... when using models that ignore nitrogen processes (75.0 ± 42.6%, 0.051 ± 0.029 m2 m−2 yr−1 ). This suggests that, although incorporating nitrogen in ecosystem models does not significantly (t-test, p < 0.05) change the contribution of the CO2 fertilization effects to the global trend of LAI, it reduc ...
... when using models that ignore nitrogen processes (75.0 ± 42.6%, 0.051 ± 0.029 m2 m−2 yr−1 ). This suggests that, although incorporating nitrogen in ecosystem models does not significantly (t-test, p < 0.05) change the contribution of the CO2 fertilization effects to the global trend of LAI, it reduc ...
Surviving and Thriving in the Face of Rising Seas
... tions, resources, and further research need to be directed to where they are most needed. The equity screening meth odology we present here provides a starting point for that discussion. It can also help raise awareness of challenges to building resilience, inform stakeholder dialogs about commu n ...
... tions, resources, and further research need to be directed to where they are most needed. The equity screening meth odology we present here provides a starting point for that discussion. It can also help raise awareness of challenges to building resilience, inform stakeholder dialogs about commu n ...
FAO, forests and climate change
... world’s terrestrial biodiversity and help protect watersheds that are critical for the supply of clean water to most of humanity. Climate change, however, poses enormous challenges for forests and people. Adaptation and mitigation are the two main responses to climate change, mitigation seeking to a ...
... world’s terrestrial biodiversity and help protect watersheds that are critical for the supply of clean water to most of humanity. Climate change, however, poses enormous challenges for forests and people. Adaptation and mitigation are the two main responses to climate change, mitigation seeking to a ...
National Arrangements
... Assumptions and methodologies are clearly explained and documented to facilitate replication and assessment If you do not document, there is no way to demonstrate that any of the other principles has been met Accuracy: Relative measure of the exactness of emission/removal estimates Estimat ...
... Assumptions and methodologies are clearly explained and documented to facilitate replication and assessment If you do not document, there is no way to demonstrate that any of the other principles has been met Accuracy: Relative measure of the exactness of emission/removal estimates Estimat ...
Public Acceptability of Climate Change Mitigation
... Our study examines the public acceptability of the EU’s future climate change mitigation policies. Using the discrete choice experiment, we elicit the preferences of about 4,098 respondents from the Czech Republic, Poland, and the United Kingdom for the GHG emission reduction policies that differ in ...
... Our study examines the public acceptability of the EU’s future climate change mitigation policies. Using the discrete choice experiment, we elicit the preferences of about 4,098 respondents from the Czech Republic, Poland, and the United Kingdom for the GHG emission reduction policies that differ in ...
Examining climate-biome - Wildlife Conservation Society Canada
... indication that such thresholds occur disproportionately between any two particular cliomes. The distance values allow interpretation of which shifts between cliomes represent potentially profound ecological changes. However, the metric does not take into account threshold differences between cliome ...
... indication that such thresholds occur disproportionately between any two particular cliomes. The distance values allow interpretation of which shifts between cliomes represent potentially profound ecological changes. However, the metric does not take into account threshold differences between cliome ...
Gaurnet Review - Garnaut Climate Change Review
... therefore assuming the highest level of temperature increase, along with the greatest decline in rainfall and relative humidity. With this level of emissions mainland Australia experiences a 1°C temperature increase by 2030 and generally exceeds 5°C by 2100. Varying in different regions, rainfall mo ...
... therefore assuming the highest level of temperature increase, along with the greatest decline in rainfall and relative humidity. With this level of emissions mainland Australia experiences a 1°C temperature increase by 2030 and generally exceeds 5°C by 2100. Varying in different regions, rainfall mo ...
Turning Up the Heat - Environmental Investigation Agency
... fragile state in recorded history, leaving the Earth exposed to unprecedented levels of harmful ultraviolet radiation. The hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctic has reappeared each austral spring since its initial discovery, and has generally grown larger and lasted longer each year. The 2005 o ...
... fragile state in recorded history, leaving the Earth exposed to unprecedented levels of harmful ultraviolet radiation. The hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctic has reappeared each austral spring since its initial discovery, and has generally grown larger and lasted longer each year. The 2005 o ...
An Ounce of Prevention
... generally less frequently and usually at times when their unique capabilities (for example, lift and logistics, security operations) are required. The US government’s process for allocating disaster aid is complex; it focuses on humanitarian need, but short-term political considerations also play a ...
... generally less frequently and usually at times when their unique capabilities (for example, lift and logistics, security operations) are required. The US government’s process for allocating disaster aid is complex; it focuses on humanitarian need, but short-term political considerations also play a ...
College greenhouse gas inventory
... This report brings together the work of several students from the Pomona Campus Climate Challenge (CCC) group and the EA 99: “Carbon-neutrality at Pomona College” class, supervised by Professor Richard Elderkin. The Pomona-College CCC group was founded in August 2006 by Praween Dayananda (’07) and A ...
... This report brings together the work of several students from the Pomona Campus Climate Challenge (CCC) group and the EA 99: “Carbon-neutrality at Pomona College” class, supervised by Professor Richard Elderkin. The Pomona-College CCC group was founded in August 2006 by Praween Dayananda (’07) and A ...
Workshop Report - Ontario Centre for Climate Impacts and
... Participants felt the building code needed to be reviewed in terms of climate change; that some changes have been made but MMAH have not considered the larger events (i.e. wind). They thought decisionmakers, industry and the general population needed to be educated about climate change and adaptatio ...
... Participants felt the building code needed to be reviewed in terms of climate change; that some changes have been made but MMAH have not considered the larger events (i.e. wind). They thought decisionmakers, industry and the general population needed to be educated about climate change and adaptatio ...
Guidelines for Responding to the Effects of Climate Change in
... timescales has brought some aspects of this basis of design into question. Extrapolation of probability distributions to exposure times very much longer than the data base may be invalid in a changing environment unless some specific account can be taken of those changes. The NCCOE believes that the ...
... timescales has brought some aspects of this basis of design into question. Extrapolation of probability distributions to exposure times very much longer than the data base may be invalid in a changing environment unless some specific account can be taken of those changes. The NCCOE believes that the ...
Ireland’s Climate: the road ahead IR E
... The distinction between weather and climate is well known: the former is concerned with short-term detail while the latter relates to the statistical details over extended periods (e.g. averages over 30 years). Whereas a short-range weather forecast for Ireland is barely influenced by the weather th ...
... The distinction between weather and climate is well known: the former is concerned with short-term detail while the latter relates to the statistical details over extended periods (e.g. averages over 30 years). Whereas a short-range weather forecast for Ireland is barely influenced by the weather th ...
Global Climate Change - Railway Tie Association
... have a smaller balance of carbon compared to old forests but they are accumulating carbon at a rapid rate. In that sense they are like an emerging company that has few assets but is very profitable and growing rapidly. The impact of forests on the global carbon cycle can be boiled down to these key ...
... have a smaller balance of carbon compared to old forests but they are accumulating carbon at a rapid rate. In that sense they are like an emerging company that has few assets but is very profitable and growing rapidly. The impact of forests on the global carbon cycle can be boiled down to these key ...
Projected effects of climate change on water supply reliability in Mid
... recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report. The climate change data for 2040 have been produced by statistically downscaling global climate model output to the grid of New Zealand’s Virtual Climate Network, thus providing data every day and approximately every 5 ...
... recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report. The climate change data for 2040 have been produced by statistically downscaling global climate model output to the grid of New Zealand’s Virtual Climate Network, thus providing data every day and approximately every 5 ...
Building resilience to climate-related shocks: farmers` vulnerability to
... Climate change and variability constitutes a serious global environmental issue (Hare et al. 2011; Vincent and Cull 2014). Thus, the occurrence of climate shocks and extreme climatic events such as floods, droughts, strong winds, heat waves, earthquakes, hurricanes is widespread. However, it is not ...
... Climate change and variability constitutes a serious global environmental issue (Hare et al. 2011; Vincent and Cull 2014). Thus, the occurrence of climate shocks and extreme climatic events such as floods, droughts, strong winds, heat waves, earthquakes, hurricanes is widespread. However, it is not ...
Climate Change Effects on Vegetation Distribution and
... this context to simulate vegetation distribution under several equilibrium climate change scenarios (VEMAP 1995; Neilson and others 1998; Neilson and Drapek 1998). The resulting vegetation maps have then been used by biogeochemistry models to determine the carbon budget estimates. The equilibrium mo ...
... this context to simulate vegetation distribution under several equilibrium climate change scenarios (VEMAP 1995; Neilson and others 1998; Neilson and Drapek 1998). The resulting vegetation maps have then been used by biogeochemistry models to determine the carbon budget estimates. The equilibrium mo ...
from boom to bust? climate risk in the golden state
... temperature and precipitation on the California economy. We analyze not only those outcomes most likely to occur, but also lower-probability, higher-cost climate futures. These “tail risks” are most often expressed here as the 1-in-20 chance events. When assessing risk related to climate change, it ...
... temperature and precipitation on the California economy. We analyze not only those outcomes most likely to occur, but also lower-probability, higher-cost climate futures. These “tail risks” are most often expressed here as the 1-in-20 chance events. When assessing risk related to climate change, it ...
Global warming and thermohaline circulation stability
... catches attention in the context of widespread discussion of global warming. Second, the palaeoclimatic evidence for large, rapid climate shifts in the past, linked to the THC (see Alley 2003) emphasizes the potentially large climate changes involved. Third, a number of more-or-less simple models of ...
... catches attention in the context of widespread discussion of global warming. Second, the palaeoclimatic evidence for large, rapid climate shifts in the past, linked to the THC (see Alley 2003) emphasizes the potentially large climate changes involved. Third, a number of more-or-less simple models of ...
Climate Change Adaptation Planning: A Handbook for Small
... or as part of a climate change adaptation planning team, to prepare a community adaptation plan. It is based on community planning principles and a planner works with the community and facilitates the preparation of the CCAP. This Handbook is made available to the community and becomes an educationa ...
... or as part of a climate change adaptation planning team, to prepare a community adaptation plan. It is based on community planning principles and a planner works with the community and facilitates the preparation of the CCAP. This Handbook is made available to the community and becomes an educationa ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.