species interactions in intertidal food webs: prey or predation
... Alternatively, if intraguild predation is weak, but predator effects on shared prey are strong, exploitation competition may structure the higher trophic levels and prey should be subject to severe reductions (Fig. 1, model B; see Spiller and Schoener [1990], Diehl [1995]). A plethora of indirect ef ...
... Alternatively, if intraguild predation is weak, but predator effects on shared prey are strong, exploitation competition may structure the higher trophic levels and prey should be subject to severe reductions (Fig. 1, model B; see Spiller and Schoener [1990], Diehl [1995]). A plethora of indirect ef ...
Competitive co-existence caused by adaptive predators
... are omniscient and that they are perfect optimizers. This leads to dynamic changes in the food web topology as consumer densities change. When it is more profitable to feed on consumer 1, the food web topology is described by a linear food chain consisting of resources (R), consumer 1 (C1) and preda ...
... are omniscient and that they are perfect optimizers. This leads to dynamic changes in the food web topology as consumer densities change. When it is more profitable to feed on consumer 1, the food web topology is described by a linear food chain consisting of resources (R), consumer 1 (C1) and preda ...
The meaning of functional trait composition of food webs for
... We focus on three categories of traits that are essential to food web structure and dynamics. These categories are not exclusive, as some traits—such as body size or movement ability—can be found in multiple categories. We provide definitions, and support this classification with the interpretation ...
... We focus on three categories of traits that are essential to food web structure and dynamics. These categories are not exclusive, as some traits—such as body size or movement ability—can be found in multiple categories. We provide definitions, and support this classification with the interpretation ...
RESEARCH REPORT DNR Fish as Indicators of Lake Habitat Quality
... 2. Eutrophication causes a variety of habitat changes due to an increase in overall biological productivity. In a chain reaction, increased phosphorus or nitrogen loading cause increases in algae and macrophyte production, decreases in dissolved oxygen content of deeper water during summer and winte ...
... 2. Eutrophication causes a variety of habitat changes due to an increase in overall biological productivity. In a chain reaction, increased phosphorus or nitrogen loading cause increases in algae and macrophyte production, decreases in dissolved oxygen content of deeper water during summer and winte ...
7. Annex 2 – Review of Theoretical Community Ecology
... management in the North Sea. Whilst the need to conserve individual stocks at sustainable and economically viable levels is still clearly a major priority, managers are now being asked to adopt a broader ecosystem approach to managing fisheries. The political impetus behind this change in attitude h ...
... management in the North Sea. Whilst the need to conserve individual stocks at sustainable and economically viable levels is still clearly a major priority, managers are now being asked to adopt a broader ecosystem approach to managing fisheries. The political impetus behind this change in attitude h ...
The meaning of functional trait composition of food webs for
... We focus on three categories of traits that are essential to food web structure and dynamics. These categories are not exclusive, as some traits—such as body size or movement ability—can be found in multiple categories. We provide definitions, and support this classification with the interpretation ...
... We focus on three categories of traits that are essential to food web structure and dynamics. These categories are not exclusive, as some traits—such as body size or movement ability—can be found in multiple categories. We provide definitions, and support this classification with the interpretation ...
108790 No Species Text Q6 - Department of Environment, Water
... No Species Loss promotes strategic and creative thinking. No Species Loss aims to promote strategic and creative thinking by government, industry and urban, rural and Indigenous communities about how best to achieve biodiversity conservation and sustainable management in South Australia over the nex ...
... No Species Loss promotes strategic and creative thinking. No Species Loss aims to promote strategic and creative thinking by government, industry and urban, rural and Indigenous communities about how best to achieve biodiversity conservation and sustainable management in South Australia over the nex ...
Sustainable Development Strategyfor the Seas of East Asia (SDS
... coastal ecosystems and threat to public health. Pollution of the marine environment - The introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment (including estuaries) which results in such deleterious effects as harm to living resources, hazards to human hea ...
... coastal ecosystems and threat to public health. Pollution of the marine environment - The introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment (including estuaries) which results in such deleterious effects as harm to living resources, hazards to human hea ...
Jellyfish, Forage Fish, and the World`s Major Fisheries
... large river plumes, and shallow seas). The great plankton productivity that drives these fisheries also supports large jellyfish biomass. A suite of socioeconomic consequences can occur when large coastal jellyfish bloom (Dong et al., 2010; Graham et al., 2014); for example, problems of gear fouling ...
... large river plumes, and shallow seas). The great plankton productivity that drives these fisheries also supports large jellyfish biomass. A suite of socioeconomic consequences can occur when large coastal jellyfish bloom (Dong et al., 2010; Graham et al., 2014); for example, problems of gear fouling ...
Document
... Biodiversity • Three field investigations on willow SRC, Arable and set-aside land:• 2006: Comparison of flying invertebrate and ground flora diversity and abundance between • 2007: Comparison of ecosystem process of herbivory, decomposition and predation • 2008: Detailed investigation of predation ...
... Biodiversity • Three field investigations on willow SRC, Arable and set-aside land:• 2006: Comparison of flying invertebrate and ground flora diversity and abundance between • 2007: Comparison of ecosystem process of herbivory, decomposition and predation • 2008: Detailed investigation of predation ...
Ecology of the New Zealand Rocky Shore Community
... extract the plankton from the water when submerged by the tide e.g. mussels, oysters, bryozoans, seasquirts, anemones and barnacles. Rock surfaces provide a relatively permanent, stable platform for animals and algae to attach to or shelter beneath in a dynamic environment exposed to strong water cu ...
... extract the plankton from the water when submerged by the tide e.g. mussels, oysters, bryozoans, seasquirts, anemones and barnacles. Rock surfaces provide a relatively permanent, stable platform for animals and algae to attach to or shelter beneath in a dynamic environment exposed to strong water cu ...
Effects of Toxic Cyanobacteria (Microcystis Aeruginosa)
... contributors to biodiversity and ecological productivity, aquatic systems provide for a plethora of recreational uses and a stimulation of the tourism industry in many coastal regions. As mentioned before, global climate changes can alter many factors within an aquatic ecosystem, the biggest contrib ...
... contributors to biodiversity and ecological productivity, aquatic systems provide for a plethora of recreational uses and a stimulation of the tourism industry in many coastal regions. As mentioned before, global climate changes can alter many factors within an aquatic ecosystem, the biggest contrib ...
CRB_Monit_Frwk_2Nov09-both
... The salmonid monitoring sub-framework outlined here includes (1) anadromous fish population status and trend criteria, specifically Viable Salmonid Population (VSP) metrics (2) artificial production effectiveness, and (3) habitat effectiveness monitoring. These three are components of a broader moni ...
... The salmonid monitoring sub-framework outlined here includes (1) anadromous fish population status and trend criteria, specifically Viable Salmonid Population (VSP) metrics (2) artificial production effectiveness, and (3) habitat effectiveness monitoring. These three are components of a broader moni ...
Ecology of the threatened thick-shelled river mussel Unio crassus
... Anodonta and Unio species, to which U. crassus belong, use the ectobranchious breeding pouches whereas Etherioidea, occurring in the tropics of America and Africa, use the endobranchious demibraches. Partial use of inner or outer gills is found in the family Hyriidae and the genus Lampsilis which i ...
... Anodonta and Unio species, to which U. crassus belong, use the ectobranchious breeding pouches whereas Etherioidea, occurring in the tropics of America and Africa, use the endobranchious demibraches. Partial use of inner or outer gills is found in the family Hyriidae and the genus Lampsilis which i ...
University of Groningen Ecology of Estuarine Macrobenthos
... production and returns nutrients to the deeper water layers. It may take years before these nutrients can be utilized by photoautotrophs again. In estuarine systems, however, pelagic-benthic links are not only quantitatively more important, but also qualitatively different, since the benthos can be ...
... production and returns nutrients to the deeper water layers. It may take years before these nutrients can be utilized by photoautotrophs again. In estuarine systems, however, pelagic-benthic links are not only quantitatively more important, but also qualitatively different, since the benthos can be ...
2005/062 - Vagues/Waves
... Winter skate (Leucoraja ocellata), also known as big or eyed skate, have only been reported in the Northwest Atlantic. Their range extends from the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the southern Newfoundland coast southward to Cape Hatteras. Within this range they have been reported from waters less than 1 m ...
... Winter skate (Leucoraja ocellata), also known as big or eyed skate, have only been reported in the Northwest Atlantic. Their range extends from the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the southern Newfoundland coast southward to Cape Hatteras. Within this range they have been reported from waters less than 1 m ...
POSITIVE INDIRECT EFFECTS OF REEF FISHES ON KELP
... distribution and abundance of kelp forests are determined by processes that regulate the abundance of sea urchins or their grazing behavior (e.g., Leighton et al. 1966, Lawrence 1975, Dayton 1985, Estes and Duggins 1995; for review see Steneck et al. 2002). Because giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) ...
... distribution and abundance of kelp forests are determined by processes that regulate the abundance of sea urchins or their grazing behavior (e.g., Leighton et al. 1966, Lawrence 1975, Dayton 1985, Estes and Duggins 1995; for review see Steneck et al. 2002). Because giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) ...
on the ecological roles of salamanders
... This review is particularly timely because natural areas are becoming increasingly modified by destabilizing factors such as habitat alteration, toxic chemicals, loss of wetlands, and introduction of exotic species (Aber et al. 2000). Nearly three fourths of forested ecosystems in North America are ...
... This review is particularly timely because natural areas are becoming increasingly modified by destabilizing factors such as habitat alteration, toxic chemicals, loss of wetlands, and introduction of exotic species (Aber et al. 2000). Nearly three fourths of forested ecosystems in North America are ...
Hatton etal. 2015. Science
... level (8, 41, 42, 49) (appendix S1). Last, k < 1 indicates that the pyramid becomes relatively more bottom-heavy at higher biomass (Fig. 2). We show that the shape of the predator-prey biomass pyramid becomes systematically more bottom-heavy as pyramid size increases along a biomass gradient. Simila ...
... level (8, 41, 42, 49) (appendix S1). Last, k < 1 indicates that the pyramid becomes relatively more bottom-heavy at higher biomass (Fig. 2). We show that the shape of the predator-prey biomass pyramid becomes systematically more bottom-heavy as pyramid size increases along a biomass gradient. Simila ...
The predator-prey power law: Biomass scaling across terrestrial and
... pattern occurs, because it is not predicted by current theoretical models and, as far as we can detect, is unexpected from lower-level structure. What is surprising is that the same pattern recurs systematically in different places, including grasslands, forests, lakes, and oceans. Our analysis has ...
... pattern occurs, because it is not predicted by current theoretical models and, as far as we can detect, is unexpected from lower-level structure. What is surprising is that the same pattern recurs systematically in different places, including grasslands, forests, lakes, and oceans. Our analysis has ...
Intraspecific phenotypic variation among alewife populations drives
... between ecology and evolution of life-history traits [1,4,5]. There are now several examples of the influence of evolutionary diversification within species on ecological processes, both in laboratory systems [6] and in natural systems among fishes [7–9], zooplankton [10] and plants [11,12]. These i ...
... between ecology and evolution of life-history traits [1,4,5]. There are now several examples of the influence of evolutionary diversification within species on ecological processes, both in laboratory systems [6] and in natural systems among fishes [7–9], zooplankton [10] and plants [11,12]. These i ...
Habitat Loss and Fragmentation
... negative impact on biodiversity than fragmentation per se, which generally has weak effects that can be both positive and negative for the biodiversity (Fahrig, 2003, see Effects of Habitat Loss and Fragmentation: Habitat Loss is More Devastating than Fragmentation per se ). The correct emphasis on ...
... negative impact on biodiversity than fragmentation per se, which generally has weak effects that can be both positive and negative for the biodiversity (Fahrig, 2003, see Effects of Habitat Loss and Fragmentation: Habitat Loss is More Devastating than Fragmentation per se ). The correct emphasis on ...
Stoichiometry of nutrient excretion by fish: interspecific variation in a
... variation in nutrient cycling is related to body and food nutrient contents (according to predictions of ecological stoichiometry). As predicted by allometry, per capita nitrogen and phosphorus excretion rates increased and mass-specific excretion rates decreased, with increasing mass. Body phosphor ...
... variation in nutrient cycling is related to body and food nutrient contents (according to predictions of ecological stoichiometry). As predicted by allometry, per capita nitrogen and phosphorus excretion rates increased and mass-specific excretion rates decreased, with increasing mass. Body phosphor ...
spillover and species interactions across habitat edges between
... diversity while also increasing food production to meet the demands of a growing human population. Land-use change, primarily resulting from conversion to production land, is currently the leading cause of biodiversity loss. This occurs through habitat loss, fragmentation of remaining natural habita ...
... diversity while also increasing food production to meet the demands of a growing human population. Land-use change, primarily resulting from conversion to production land, is currently the leading cause of biodiversity loss. This occurs through habitat loss, fragmentation of remaining natural habita ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.