Problem Definition - Information Technology
... survive such a journey as long as they have air to breath, and plants are even easier to transport in terms of seeds. However, aquatic organisms need water and the conditions of that water (temperature, salinity, oxygen content, etc.) must be within a tolerable range. This severely limits the poten ...
... survive such a journey as long as they have air to breath, and plants are even easier to transport in terms of seeds. However, aquatic organisms need water and the conditions of that water (temperature, salinity, oxygen content, etc.) must be within a tolerable range. This severely limits the poten ...
Crossing habitat boundaries: coupling dynamics of ecosystems
... (CLC), in which different life stages inhabit different ecosystems. Using a structured consumer resource model that accounts for the independent effects of two resources on consumer growth and reproductive rates, we show that such indirect connections between ecosystems can result in alternative sta ...
... (CLC), in which different life stages inhabit different ecosystems. Using a structured consumer resource model that accounts for the independent effects of two resources on consumer growth and reproductive rates, we show that such indirect connections between ecosystems can result in alternative sta ...
Improving broad scale forage mapping and habitat selection
... Abstract. Determining the spatial distribution of large herbivores is a key challenge in ecology and management. However, our ability to accurately predict this is often hampered by inadequate data on available forage and structural cover. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) can give direct and detailed m ...
... Abstract. Determining the spatial distribution of large herbivores is a key challenge in ecology and management. However, our ability to accurately predict this is often hampered by inadequate data on available forage and structural cover. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) can give direct and detailed m ...
terrestrial food webs All wet or dried up? Real differences between
... boundaries. However, large differences in emphasis persist among ecologists working in different environments. For instance, evidence for the role of bottom-up factors (abiotic resources like nutrients, energy and water) in controlling terrestrial primary productivity is unequivocal, while that for ...
... boundaries. However, large differences in emphasis persist among ecologists working in different environments. For instance, evidence for the role of bottom-up factors (abiotic resources like nutrients, energy and water) in controlling terrestrial primary productivity is unequivocal, while that for ...
November 22, 2016 - Board of Supervisors Correspondence
... Other Natural Occurrences or Human-related Activities The climate of California is certain to change due to warming of the global climate system; however, it is unclear how such changes will affect Livermore tarplant. Livermore tarplant has a narrow distribution and few populations, with three of th ...
... Other Natural Occurrences or Human-related Activities The climate of California is certain to change due to warming of the global climate system; however, it is unclear how such changes will affect Livermore tarplant. Livermore tarplant has a narrow distribution and few populations, with three of th ...
Linking marine fisheries species to biogenic habitats in New Zealand
... Fisheries research and management has traditionally been focussed on the fish populations, while the habitats and environments which underpin their production have been largely ignored. This situation is changing, with an increasing awareness that habitats are important and can be degraded through h ...
... Fisheries research and management has traditionally been focussed on the fish populations, while the habitats and environments which underpin their production have been largely ignored. This situation is changing, with an increasing awareness that habitats are important and can be degraded through h ...
A Seahorse of a Different Color
... they live in shallow warm water. The United States only has 4 species of seahorses in our waters; however they can be found around all the continents. Seahorses are the slowest fish in the ocean. There are 34 different species of seahorse and they range in size from 1”, the dwarf seahorse to the 12” ...
... they live in shallow warm water. The United States only has 4 species of seahorses in our waters; however they can be found around all the continents. Seahorses are the slowest fish in the ocean. There are 34 different species of seahorse and they range in size from 1”, the dwarf seahorse to the 12” ...
A Seahorse of a Different Color
... live in shallow warm water. The United States only has 4 species of seahorses in our waters; however they can be found around all the continents. Seahorses are the slowest fish in the ocean. T ...
... live in shallow warm water. The United States only has 4 species of seahorses in our waters; however they can be found around all the continents. Seahorses are the slowest fish in the ocean. T ...
A Seahorse of a Different Color
... live!in!shallow!warm!water.!The!United!States!only!has!4!species!of!seahorses!in!our! waters;!however!they!can!be!found!around!all!the!continents.!Seahorses!are!the! slowest!fish!in!the!ocean.!!There!are!34!different!species!of!seahorse!and!they!range! in!size!from!1”,!the!dwarf!seahorse!to!the!12”, ...
... live!in!shallow!warm!water.!The!United!States!only!has!4!species!of!seahorses!in!our! waters;!however!they!can!be!found!around!all!the!continents.!Seahorses!are!the! slowest!fish!in!the!ocean.!!There!are!34!different!species!of!seahorse!and!they!range! in!size!from!1”,!the!dwarf!seahorse!to!the!12”, ...
3337 CBD Synthesis.indd - Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
... This report presents a synthesis and integration of the findings concerning biodiversity contained in the reports of the four MA Working Groups (Condition and Trends, Scenarios, Responses, and Sub-global Assessments). From the outset, the MA was designed to meet the needs of the Convention on Biologi ...
... This report presents a synthesis and integration of the findings concerning biodiversity contained in the reports of the four MA Working Groups (Condition and Trends, Scenarios, Responses, and Sub-global Assessments). From the outset, the MA was designed to meet the needs of the Convention on Biologi ...
Succession in plankton communities
... oceans: the phytoplankton. Although this group of organisms constitutes only 0.2 % of the total photosynthetic biomass on earth, it is responsible for up to 50 % of the global primary production (Falkowski and Raven 2007; Field et al. 1998). How it works In the well-illuminated surface layer of the ...
... oceans: the phytoplankton. Although this group of organisms constitutes only 0.2 % of the total photosynthetic biomass on earth, it is responsible for up to 50 % of the global primary production (Falkowski and Raven 2007; Field et al. 1998). How it works In the well-illuminated surface layer of the ...
Evolution, ecology and conservation of Dolly Varden
... most widespread of these species, occurring from Puget Sound in Washington state, U.S.A., north to the Alaska Peninsula, Yukon, and Northwest Territories to far eastern Asia, including northern Siberia and neighboring islands, south to Hokkaido, the northernmost island of the Japanese archipelago (A ...
... most widespread of these species, occurring from Puget Sound in Washington state, U.S.A., north to the Alaska Peninsula, Yukon, and Northwest Territories to far eastern Asia, including northern Siberia and neighboring islands, south to Hokkaido, the northernmost island of the Japanese archipelago (A ...
Centrostephanus rodgersii on shallow subtidal
... whenever necessary and at least monthly by removing randomly selected sea urchins. The densities of C. rodgersii smaller than 50 mm test diameter (TD), other invertebrate herbivores such as limpets and topshells ...
... whenever necessary and at least monthly by removing randomly selected sea urchins. The densities of C. rodgersii smaller than 50 mm test diameter (TD), other invertebrate herbivores such as limpets and topshells ...
Developing Methodologies for Studying Elasmobranchs and Other Data-Poor Species
... Pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) are commonly used to assess large scale movements of aquatic animals (e.g., Lutcavage et al. 1999; Musyl et al. 2011). PSATs are electronic tags that can internally store data and transmit messages to a satellite. The satellite tags record temperature, pressure ...
... Pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) are commonly used to assess large scale movements of aquatic animals (e.g., Lutcavage et al. 1999; Musyl et al. 2011). PSATs are electronic tags that can internally store data and transmit messages to a satellite. The satellite tags record temperature, pressure ...
Interactions of multiple predators with different foraging modes in an
... amongst top predators may be particularly important due to the frequently strong effect of trophic cascades (Hairston and Hairston 1993; Elser et al. 2000). Cruising, e.g., largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides; Savino and Stein 1989), versus ambush tactics, e.g., muskellunge (Esox masquinongy; New ...
... amongst top predators may be particularly important due to the frequently strong effect of trophic cascades (Hairston and Hairston 1993; Elser et al. 2000). Cruising, e.g., largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides; Savino and Stein 1989), versus ambush tactics, e.g., muskellunge (Esox masquinongy; New ...
RRA proof-1
... and processes in the watershed are largely intact. In addition to torrent and riffle sculpin (Tabor ...
... and processes in the watershed are largely intact. In addition to torrent and riffle sculpin (Tabor ...
A simple predator–prey model of exploited
... was used to describe the dynamics of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) preyed on by Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) (Collie and Spencer, 1994). Compensatory biotic interactions are likely to exist in marine communities, although they are often obscured by environmental variability. In particular, ...
... was used to describe the dynamics of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) preyed on by Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) (Collie and Spencer, 1994). Compensatory biotic interactions are likely to exist in marine communities, although they are often obscured by environmental variability. In particular, ...
The Economic and Social Aspects of Biodiversity Benefits and Costs
... Biodiversity is commonly understood to include the number, variety and variability of organisms living on Earth. We have become accustomed to having decisions of protecting nature, or allowing economic development, being presented as an either/or choice. However, as our knowledge of ecology has deve ...
... Biodiversity is commonly understood to include the number, variety and variability of organisms living on Earth. We have become accustomed to having decisions of protecting nature, or allowing economic development, being presented as an either/or choice. However, as our knowledge of ecology has deve ...
Harvesting of Flyingfish in the Eastern Caribbean - UNU-FTP
... sustainable use of fisheries and aquaculture resources in and among its 18 Member States, by developing, managing and conserving these resources in collaboration with stakeholders for the benefit of the people of the Caribbean region (CRFM 2008). Currently, there are many initiatives within the regi ...
... sustainable use of fisheries and aquaculture resources in and among its 18 Member States, by developing, managing and conserving these resources in collaboration with stakeholders for the benefit of the people of the Caribbean region (CRFM 2008). Currently, there are many initiatives within the regi ...
THE SHIFTING IMPORTANCE OF COMPETITION AND FACILITATION ALONG
... satisfaction and accomplishment. Then, I went up to my lab to join my lab mate Katie Barry, and we celebrated. With tequila. And probably cried some more. One of the things about me is that the process of pushing past my limits stresses me out. And this brings me to the brink of my own vulnerabilit ...
... satisfaction and accomplishment. Then, I went up to my lab to join my lab mate Katie Barry, and we celebrated. With tequila. And probably cried some more. One of the things about me is that the process of pushing past my limits stresses me out. And this brings me to the brink of my own vulnerabilit ...
Atlantic Salmon
... salmon breeding with populations of wild salmon that are genetically adapted to specific streams. In British Columbia there is a greater danger arising from the fact that most of the salmon farmed are Atlantic salmon. Evidence exists that escaped Atlantic salmon can breed in BC's wild streams. The p ...
... salmon breeding with populations of wild salmon that are genetically adapted to specific streams. In British Columbia there is a greater danger arising from the fact that most of the salmon farmed are Atlantic salmon. Evidence exists that escaped Atlantic salmon can breed in BC's wild streams. The p ...
Mechanistic Approaches to Community Ecology
... law" sensu Nagel (1961; see below), or at least some assumptions used in its derivation can be called experimental laws. In fact, as is so often the case in community ecology, these are more nearly "hopeful laws" rather than laws; they are proposals about nature that remain, for the most part, to be ...
... law" sensu Nagel (1961; see below), or at least some assumptions used in its derivation can be called experimental laws. In fact, as is so often the case in community ecology, these are more nearly "hopeful laws" rather than laws; they are proposals about nature that remain, for the most part, to be ...
CO # 21: Ensure that structural habitat provided by corals on the
... photodegradation of some synthetic materials, but on the sea bottom, protected from UV radiation, there is no evidence that these nets weaken or degrade over time and as a result, lost gear can continue to fish for decades. Gillnets, traps, trawls and line fisheries are considered the most harmful i ...
... photodegradation of some synthetic materials, but on the sea bottom, protected from UV radiation, there is no evidence that these nets weaken or degrade over time and as a result, lost gear can continue to fish for decades. Gillnets, traps, trawls and line fisheries are considered the most harmful i ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.