Considerations for Identification of Effective Area
... a selection of ecologically based factors, drawn from a literature review, which when present can infer that the area has been effective at achieving its conservation goals. None of the reviews concluded that any individual factor was either necessary or sufficient to ensure conservation of biodiver ...
... a selection of ecologically based factors, drawn from a literature review, which when present can infer that the area has been effective at achieving its conservation goals. None of the reviews concluded that any individual factor was either necessary or sufficient to ensure conservation of biodiver ...
Gadids and Alewives - Maine Center for Coastal Fisheries
... migration pathways located in different parts of the coastal shelf between Cape Cod Bay and Bay of Fundy, reproduced on coastal shelf spawning grounds located within the subpopulation’s domain and the abundance of each subpopulation varied independently from the others (Ames, 2004). The diet of cod ...
... migration pathways located in different parts of the coastal shelf between Cape Cod Bay and Bay of Fundy, reproduced on coastal shelf spawning grounds located within the subpopulation’s domain and the abundance of each subpopulation varied independently from the others (Ames, 2004). The diet of cod ...
key species in a - Books and Journals
... of species with a generally broad salinity tolerance, but it is still unclear to what degree Baltic species have evolved significant local adaptations to a brackish environment. Johannesson and André (2006) showed that Baltic Sea populations have reduced genetic variation compared to Atlantic popula ...
... of species with a generally broad salinity tolerance, but it is still unclear to what degree Baltic species have evolved significant local adaptations to a brackish environment. Johannesson and André (2006) showed that Baltic Sea populations have reduced genetic variation compared to Atlantic popula ...
Fishing the Gulf - Auckland
... was foremost to provide food for families and for guests. But seafood was also harvested for commercial purposes including barter with other tribes, koha and sales to early European settlers.2 Tangata whenua were kaitiaki of the fishery within their rohe and fished according to tikang ...
... was foremost to provide food for families and for guests. But seafood was also harvested for commercial purposes including barter with other tribes, koha and sales to early European settlers.2 Tangata whenua were kaitiaki of the fishery within their rohe and fished according to tikang ...
Evaluation Sourcebook - University of Michigan School of Natural
... The Evaluation Sourcebook draws on the experience of many on-theground ecosystem and community-based projects, as well as the extensive literature on ecological, social and organizational evaluation. It is designed to help you clarify and communicate what you are trying to achieve and to measure pro ...
... The Evaluation Sourcebook draws on the experience of many on-theground ecosystem and community-based projects, as well as the extensive literature on ecological, social and organizational evaluation. It is designed to help you clarify and communicate what you are trying to achieve and to measure pro ...
McIntosh et al. 2004
... Abstract. Heterogeneous distributions of resources and organisms are characteristic of most ecosystems, but empirical understanding of the causes and consequences of heterogeneity is limited. We investigated whether predatory fish influenced the heterogeneity (spatial variability) of resources (alga ...
... Abstract. Heterogeneous distributions of resources and organisms are characteristic of most ecosystems, but empirical understanding of the causes and consequences of heterogeneity is limited. We investigated whether predatory fish influenced the heterogeneity (spatial variability) of resources (alga ...
Carrion cycling in food webs: comparisons among terrestrial and
... ecosystems due to the critical role that carrion plays in overwinter survival and breeding success of some species (Fuglei et al. 2003). Although increased temperatures are likely to alter scavenging community dynamics on land, effects of climate change presumably also will be widespread and detrime ...
... ecosystems due to the critical role that carrion plays in overwinter survival and breeding success of some species (Fuglei et al. 2003). Although increased temperatures are likely to alter scavenging community dynamics on land, effects of climate change presumably also will be widespread and detrime ...
Effects of water color on food web structure in freshwater lakes
... well. Over the last two decades, specific effects of water color and DOC on isolated abiotic and biotic factors in lakes have been studied. Yet, the overall effects of water color on food web structure have not been determined, even though a large proportion of temperate lakes are characterized by e ...
... well. Over the last two decades, specific effects of water color and DOC on isolated abiotic and biotic factors in lakes have been studied. Yet, the overall effects of water color on food web structure have not been determined, even though a large proportion of temperate lakes are characterized by e ...
Changes in the diet of hake associated with El Ni˜no 1997
... SSTA was used to explore the association between the physical habitat variability and the changes in the diet of hake (Fig. 4a). Although anchovy is the dominant prey of the analysed size range of hake, the reduction of its availability during El Niño 1997–1998 (Chavez et al., 2003) (Fig. 4b) would ...
... SSTA was used to explore the association between the physical habitat variability and the changes in the diet of hake (Fig. 4a). Although anchovy is the dominant prey of the analysed size range of hake, the reduction of its availability during El Niño 1997–1998 (Chavez et al., 2003) (Fig. 4b) would ...
Annual Program Sumary FY 2007
... Table 18 – Implementation Monitoring Summary Fiscal Years 1997-2005..............................................45 ...
... Table 18 – Implementation Monitoring Summary Fiscal Years 1997-2005..............................................45 ...
The complexity of amphibian population declines
... Stuart et al.6 provided criteria for categorizing amphibian population declines and extinctions, but standardization of the criteria used for listing a population as “declining” or “extinct” has not been accomplished. Yet, quantifying declines and standardizing criteria are necessary for assessing w ...
... Stuart et al.6 provided criteria for categorizing amphibian population declines and extinctions, but standardization of the criteria used for listing a population as “declining” or “extinct” has not been accomplished. Yet, quantifying declines and standardizing criteria are necessary for assessing w ...
012
... propagation serves as a means of preserving genetic resources for future reintroduction attempts that will aid in maintaining the populations required to achieve stabilization. Population Units (PU) designated as manage in situ for stability will have the following actions implemented: (1) assess po ...
... propagation serves as a means of preserving genetic resources for future reintroduction attempts that will aid in maintaining the populations required to achieve stabilization. Population Units (PU) designated as manage in situ for stability will have the following actions implemented: (1) assess po ...
Examining food webs and trophic dynamics across a stream
... extremely sensitive to changes in inputs of organic matter, since most streams have detritus based food webs. For example, the exclusion of leaf litter from a detritus-based food web can be detrimental to a vertebrate predator by reducing prey availability (Johnson & Wallace, 2005). This bottom up c ...
... extremely sensitive to changes in inputs of organic matter, since most streams have detritus based food webs. For example, the exclusion of leaf litter from a detritus-based food web can be detrimental to a vertebrate predator by reducing prey availability (Johnson & Wallace, 2005). This bottom up c ...
OIKOS Finland conference for Ecologists and Evolutionary Biologists
... effectiveness of protected areas has been studied and it has been shown that confounding factors, such as remoteness and accessibility, correlated with both presence of protection and extractive behaviors, affect the outcomes. We investigated the effectiveness of Madagascar's PA network in decreasin ...
... effectiveness of protected areas has been studied and it has been shown that confounding factors, such as remoteness and accessibility, correlated with both presence of protection and extractive behaviors, affect the outcomes. We investigated the effectiveness of Madagascar's PA network in decreasin ...
Stock Assessment of the Edible Mussel (Mytilus edulis) Beds on
... declining populations, recruitment failure often occurs before adult mortality and populations can persist for decades before the population crashes (Strayer and Malcolm, 2012) therefore this declining trend may continue over future years. However, older mussels dying off may create space for future ...
... declining populations, recruitment failure often occurs before adult mortality and populations can persist for decades before the population crashes (Strayer and Malcolm, 2012) therefore this declining trend may continue over future years. However, older mussels dying off may create space for future ...
fires, ecological effects of
... in fire-prone forests, many conifers do not sprout and a few eucalypts are also killed by fire. Nonsprouting species are particularly prone to local extinction if recruitment fails after burning. Grasses are among the most fire resistant of all plant growth forms. The buds of new shoots are insulated b ...
... in fire-prone forests, many conifers do not sprout and a few eucalypts are also killed by fire. Nonsprouting species are particularly prone to local extinction if recruitment fails after burning. Grasses are among the most fire resistant of all plant growth forms. The buds of new shoots are insulated b ...
Predicting invasion in grassland ecosystems: is exotic
... Invasions have increased the size of regional species pools, but are typically assumed to reduce native diversity. However, global-scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader ...
... Invasions have increased the size of regional species pools, but are typically assumed to reduce native diversity. However, global-scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader ...
Stochasticity, predator-prey dynamics, and trigger - Sabo Lab
... Abstract. Environmental stochasticity is one of the premier features of population models used to forecast population persistence; however, most population viability analyses ignore interactions with other species. By contrast, theory in community ecology draws from a tradition of determinism: focus ...
... Abstract. Environmental stochasticity is one of the premier features of population models used to forecast population persistence; however, most population viability analyses ignore interactions with other species. By contrast, theory in community ecology draws from a tradition of determinism: focus ...
ECOHAB Preface The Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms
... shellfish or fish, death of marine mammals, seabirds, and other animals, and alteration of marine habitats or trophic structure through shading, overgrowth, or adverse effects on life history stages of fish and other marine organisms. Formerly only a few regions were affected by harmful algal blooms ...
... shellfish or fish, death of marine mammals, seabirds, and other animals, and alteration of marine habitats or trophic structure through shading, overgrowth, or adverse effects on life history stages of fish and other marine organisms. Formerly only a few regions were affected by harmful algal blooms ...
what do we mean by biodiversity?
... diversification that leads to speciation (Wade 2007), for example. It applies to many levels of biological organization (ecosystems, communities or genomes) and components (genes, individuals, species or biochemical ...
... diversification that leads to speciation (Wade 2007), for example. It applies to many levels of biological organization (ecosystems, communities or genomes) and components (genes, individuals, species or biochemical ...
Inconsistent impacts of decomposer diversity on the stability of
... relationship are manifold. First, diverse communities host a variety of life strategies that can respond differently to environmental perturbations and thus ensure ecosystem stability (Tilman et al. 2006). For instance, the variable densities of species populations may add up to a relatively constan ...
... relationship are manifold. First, diverse communities host a variety of life strategies that can respond differently to environmental perturbations and thus ensure ecosystem stability (Tilman et al. 2006). For instance, the variable densities of species populations may add up to a relatively constan ...
The biology and ecology of the ocean sunfish Mola mola: a review of
... and group analyses showed high genetic divergence among M. mola specimens indicating two clades; one consisting of animals exclusively from the southern hemisphere and the other containing individuals from both hemispheres. This first group was suggested to be the sister species, M. ramsayi, previou ...
... and group analyses showed high genetic divergence among M. mola specimens indicating two clades; one consisting of animals exclusively from the southern hemisphere and the other containing individuals from both hemispheres. This first group was suggested to be the sister species, M. ramsayi, previou ...
University of Groningen Production by intertidal benthic
... A key problem in understanding the non-breeding distribution of shorebirds is whether or not their use of particular intertidal sites is limited by the benthic food supply (Evans & Dugan 1984, Goss-Custard 1985). In saying this, it is of immediate importance to state what is meant by 'their use', by ...
... A key problem in understanding the non-breeding distribution of shorebirds is whether or not their use of particular intertidal sites is limited by the benthic food supply (Evans & Dugan 1984, Goss-Custard 1985). In saying this, it is of immediate importance to state what is meant by 'their use', by ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.