Landscapes and species-analyzing the ecological Gaps
... management threatens the biodiversity in a way that Mongolian commitment to international conventions as well as the unique biological heritage is seriously threatened. The recommendations below and in Chapter 6 outline a constructive way forward and provide Parliament, government and ministries the ...
... management threatens the biodiversity in a way that Mongolian commitment to international conventions as well as the unique biological heritage is seriously threatened. The recommendations below and in Chapter 6 outline a constructive way forward and provide Parliament, government and ministries the ...
effects of algal and herbivore diversity on the partitioning of biomass
... Herbivores had little effect on total algal biomass or algal composition, in part because of the lack of a strong trade-off between algal competitive ability and edibility. Increasing algal diversity significantly reduced the biomass of one herbivore, apparently because competition from inedible alg ...
... Herbivores had little effect on total algal biomass or algal composition, in part because of the lack of a strong trade-off between algal competitive ability and edibility. Increasing algal diversity significantly reduced the biomass of one herbivore, apparently because competition from inedible alg ...
Marine reserves demonstrate top
... Trophic cascades are defined as predatory interactions involving three or more trophic levels, whereby primary carnivores indirectly increase plant abundance by suppressing herbivores (Menge 1995). In many subtidal reef systems throughout the world, a reduction in algal forests and an increase in ur ...
... Trophic cascades are defined as predatory interactions involving three or more trophic levels, whereby primary carnivores indirectly increase plant abundance by suppressing herbivores (Menge 1995). In many subtidal reef systems throughout the world, a reduction in algal forests and an increase in ur ...
A brown-world cascade in the dung decomposer food web of an
... The lack of attention to detritus-based food webs is curious because detritus actually constitutes a large proportion of organic matter (particularly structural materials) and supports a great deal of biodiversity, which is important in the energy flow of ecosystems (Lindeman 1942, Odum 1969). Most t ...
... The lack of attention to detritus-based food webs is curious because detritus actually constitutes a large proportion of organic matter (particularly structural materials) and supports a great deal of biodiversity, which is important in the energy flow of ecosystems (Lindeman 1942, Odum 1969). Most t ...
File - Jarrett Friesen
... disastrous impact an invasive species can have on a body of water. In this example, zebra mussels were introduced via shipping, which is the most common pathway for invasive species (Molnar et al, 2008). The aggressive nature of this pest, along with their high reproductive output, causes concern fo ...
... disastrous impact an invasive species can have on a body of water. In this example, zebra mussels were introduced via shipping, which is the most common pathway for invasive species (Molnar et al, 2008). The aggressive nature of this pest, along with their high reproductive output, causes concern fo ...
Main prey and predators of redfish
... predation pressures on many species of fish and invertebrates. Overfishing removed this functional group, which has not been replaced ten years after the cessation of heavy fishing. Marine mammals such as seals and cetacea were the top predators of many species during the mid-1990s, whereas marine m ...
... predation pressures on many species of fish and invertebrates. Overfishing removed this functional group, which has not been replaced ten years after the cessation of heavy fishing. Marine mammals such as seals and cetacea were the top predators of many species during the mid-1990s, whereas marine m ...
Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies
... and value, as did its contribution to world ®sh supplies1. Fish produced from farming activities currently accounts for over onequarter of all ®sh directly consumed by humans. As the human population continues to expand beyond 6 billion, its reliance on farmed ®sh production as an important source o ...
... and value, as did its contribution to world ®sh supplies1. Fish produced from farming activities currently accounts for over onequarter of all ®sh directly consumed by humans. As the human population continues to expand beyond 6 billion, its reliance on farmed ®sh production as an important source o ...
Models of Extinction
... of the Rhaetian stage at the end of the Triassic. In actual fact the late Triassic event killed only about half as many families as the end-Cretaceous. In order to minimize effects such as these, it has become common in studies of extinction to examine not only extinction rates (taxa becoming extinc ...
... of the Rhaetian stage at the end of the Triassic. In actual fact the late Triassic event killed only about half as many families as the end-Cretaceous. In order to minimize effects such as these, it has become common in studies of extinction to examine not only extinction rates (taxa becoming extinc ...
HABITAT - Outdoor Alabama
... What has caused such a drastic population decline in this species? Many people have theories, but one thing is certain; habitat has played a big part in the decline of the bobwhite quail. Changing landscapes and habitat loss are two factors we can point to as the culprits here in Alabama. Bobwhite q ...
... What has caused such a drastic population decline in this species? Many people have theories, but one thing is certain; habitat has played a big part in the decline of the bobwhite quail. Changing landscapes and habitat loss are two factors we can point to as the culprits here in Alabama. Bobwhite q ...
Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies
... and value, as did its contribution to world ®sh supplies1. Fish produced from farming activities currently accounts for over onequarter of all ®sh directly consumed by humans. As the human population continues to expand beyond 6 billion, its reliance on farmed ®sh production as an important source o ...
... and value, as did its contribution to world ®sh supplies1. Fish produced from farming activities currently accounts for over onequarter of all ®sh directly consumed by humans. As the human population continues to expand beyond 6 billion, its reliance on farmed ®sh production as an important source o ...
Models of Extinction: A Review
... of the Rhaetian stage at the end of the Triassic. In actual fact the late Triassic event killed only about half as many families as the end-Cretaceous. In order to minimize effects such as these, it has become common in studies of extinction to examine not only extinction rates (taxa becoming extinc ...
... of the Rhaetian stage at the end of the Triassic. In actual fact the late Triassic event killed only about half as many families as the end-Cretaceous. In order to minimize effects such as these, it has become common in studies of extinction to examine not only extinction rates (taxa becoming extinc ...
Partial migration in fishes
... Classically, partial migration has been considered in the context of avian migration, where populations of birds can be relatively well defined. For many fishes, especially oceanic species, however, populations can range across vast areas of habitat, and so partial migration at a scale relevant to t ...
... Classically, partial migration has been considered in the context of avian migration, where populations of birds can be relatively well defined. For many fishes, especially oceanic species, however, populations can range across vast areas of habitat, and so partial migration at a scale relevant to t ...
Blue Mussel Seafood Watch Report
... sustainable seafood as originating from sources, whether wild-caught or farmed, which can maintain or increase production in the long-term without jeopardizing the structure or function of affected ecosystems. Seafood Watch® makes its science-based recommendations available to the public in the form ...
... sustainable seafood as originating from sources, whether wild-caught or farmed, which can maintain or increase production in the long-term without jeopardizing the structure or function of affected ecosystems. Seafood Watch® makes its science-based recommendations available to the public in the form ...
Herbivore and predator diversity interactively affect ecosystem
... have included multiple trophic levels, few have been designed to rigorously evaluate the effects of changing diversity within a level on adjacent levels, or the interactive effects of simultaneous diversity change at multiple levels (reviewed by Duffy et al. 2007; Bruno and Cardinale 2008). With the ...
... have included multiple trophic levels, few have been designed to rigorously evaluate the effects of changing diversity within a level on adjacent levels, or the interactive effects of simultaneous diversity change at multiple levels (reviewed by Duffy et al. 2007; Bruno and Cardinale 2008). With the ...
Eco07
... Deer populations are often cited as examples of populations that tend to irrupt when predator pressure is reduced. The most violent irruptions occur when a species is introduced into a new area. Negative interactions become less negative with time if the ecosystem is sufficiently stable and spati ...
... Deer populations are often cited as examples of populations that tend to irrupt when predator pressure is reduced. The most violent irruptions occur when a species is introduced into a new area. Negative interactions become less negative with time if the ecosystem is sufficiently stable and spati ...
Concept Note Pollination
... Cultural services: the non-material benefits obtained from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, development of knowledge, reflection, recreation, and aesthetic experience; and Supporting services: the underlying processes that support all other ecosystem services, such as soil formation, photosy ...
... Cultural services: the non-material benefits obtained from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, development of knowledge, reflection, recreation, and aesthetic experience; and Supporting services: the underlying processes that support all other ecosystem services, such as soil formation, photosy ...
The road toward sympatric speciation in whitefish.
... For almost every organism there are large gaps in our knowledge about the processes that leads to speciation. The changes an organism undergoes before divergence has occurred have remained a mystery, as it is difficult to say whether or not a species is going to diverge and when. To investigate this ...
... For almost every organism there are large gaps in our knowledge about the processes that leads to speciation. The changes an organism undergoes before divergence has occurred have remained a mystery, as it is difficult to say whether or not a species is going to diverge and when. To investigate this ...
Ecological enhancement of an aphid parasitoid
... Insects have become increasingly resistant to chemical control methods, while at the same time public awareness of the harmful effects of synthetic pesticides has increased. The search for more environmentally ‘friendly’ means of pest suppression is gaining momentum and biological control (the use o ...
... Insects have become increasingly resistant to chemical control methods, while at the same time public awareness of the harmful effects of synthetic pesticides has increased. The search for more environmentally ‘friendly’ means of pest suppression is gaining momentum and biological control (the use o ...
A meso-predator release of stickleback promotes recruitment of
... resulting depth gradient within each enclosure ranged from 0 to 1.5 m. Wooden pillars were used as construction for nylon netting (mesh size: 6 mm) that built the enclosures. Lead was attached to the bottom end of the nets and kept them vertically in the water column. Net height was individually adj ...
... resulting depth gradient within each enclosure ranged from 0 to 1.5 m. Wooden pillars were used as construction for nylon netting (mesh size: 6 mm) that built the enclosures. Lead was attached to the bottom end of the nets and kept them vertically in the water column. Net height was individually adj ...
Do species and functional groups differ in acquisition
... N uptake, minimizing the decline in soil N compared with that under elevated CO2 (H7a ). Under elevated CO2, reduced leaf level water loss could minimize the decline in percentage soil water compared to that experienced in the high N treatment (H7b ). Although there are an increasing number of tests ...
... N uptake, minimizing the decline in soil N compared with that under elevated CO2 (H7a ). Under elevated CO2, reduced leaf level water loss could minimize the decline in percentage soil water compared to that experienced in the high N treatment (H7b ). Although there are an increasing number of tests ...
`Rational use` in Antarctic waters
... 3. Any harvesting and associated activities in the area to which this Convention applies shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of this Convention and with the following principles of conservation…” During a discussion about gill nets: “There are no substantial gill net operations at p ...
... 3. Any harvesting and associated activities in the area to which this Convention applies shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of this Convention and with the following principles of conservation…” During a discussion about gill nets: “There are no substantial gill net operations at p ...
Article
... Predation effectiveness is strongly mediated by the architectural or structural complexity of habitats, which can have contrasting effects [12]: the structure can significantly lower predation risk when it serves as a refuge for prey [13] but can also increase susceptibility to predators that use st ...
... Predation effectiveness is strongly mediated by the architectural or structural complexity of habitats, which can have contrasting effects [12]: the structure can significantly lower predation risk when it serves as a refuge for prey [13] but can also increase susceptibility to predators that use st ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.