Interrelations between sea urchins and spiny lobsters
... Size-frequency distributions The size-frequency distributions of Evechinus were bimodal at all 3 locations (Fig. 3). At all locations there was a peak in frequency between 15 and 40 mm TD (Fig. 3).All sea urchins in this size-class were cryptic. A trough in the size-frequency distribution of all 3 p ...
... Size-frequency distributions The size-frequency distributions of Evechinus were bimodal at all 3 locations (Fig. 3). At all locations there was a peak in frequency between 15 and 40 mm TD (Fig. 3).All sea urchins in this size-class were cryptic. A trough in the size-frequency distribution of all 3 p ...
Changing Seascapes, Stochastic Connectivity, and Marine
... as mesoscale eddies and alongshore jets, produce potential connectivity that is highly variable in time. We assess the impact of this temporal variability by comparing simulations of nearshore metapopulation dynamics when potential connectivity is constant through time (i.e., when it is deterministi ...
... as mesoscale eddies and alongshore jets, produce potential connectivity that is highly variable in time. We assess the impact of this temporal variability by comparing simulations of nearshore metapopulation dynamics when potential connectivity is constant through time (i.e., when it is deterministi ...
Waitakere City Biodiversity Report 2007
... of native flora and fauna, including regionally threatened and at-risk species. Recreationally, the Ranges are a mecca for walkers and trampers. The Ranges are also important from a cultural perspective in terms of their M āori and European history. This iconic backdrop to Auckland draws 2.5 millio ...
... of native flora and fauna, including regionally threatened and at-risk species. Recreationally, the Ranges are a mecca for walkers and trampers. The Ranges are also important from a cultural perspective in terms of their M āori and European history. This iconic backdrop to Auckland draws 2.5 millio ...
predator diversity and identity drive interaction strength and trophic
... of herbivores and plants. Understanding how changes in predator diversity can propagate through food webs to alter ecosystem function is one of the most challenging ecological research topics today. We studied the effects of predator removal in a simple natural food web in the Sierra Nevada mountain ...
... of herbivores and plants. Understanding how changes in predator diversity can propagate through food webs to alter ecosystem function is one of the most challenging ecological research topics today. We studied the effects of predator removal in a simple natural food web in the Sierra Nevada mountain ...
predator diversity and identity drive interaction strength and trophic
... of herbivores and plants. Understanding how changes in predator diversity can propagate through food webs to alter ecosystem function is one of the most challenging ecological research topics today. We studied the effects of predator removal in a simple natural food web in the Sierra Nevada mountain ...
... of herbivores and plants. Understanding how changes in predator diversity can propagate through food webs to alter ecosystem function is one of the most challenging ecological research topics today. We studied the effects of predator removal in a simple natural food web in the Sierra Nevada mountain ...
Predator diversity and identity drive interaction strength and trophic
... of herbivores and plants. Understanding how changes in predator diversity can propagate through food webs to alter ecosystem function is one of the most challenging ecological research topics today. We studied the effects of predator removal in a simple natural food web in the Sierra Nevada mountain ...
... of herbivores and plants. Understanding how changes in predator diversity can propagate through food webs to alter ecosystem function is one of the most challenging ecological research topics today. We studied the effects of predator removal in a simple natural food web in the Sierra Nevada mountain ...
Mass-Balance Analyses of Boreal Forest Population
... varied over time (Karels and others 2000; Hodges and others 2001). Cyclic mammalian and avian predators were modeled with ⌬B not equal to 0 because population sizes varied (Doyle and Smith 1994, 2001; Rohner 1996; O’Donoghue and others 1997; Rohner and others 2001). For hares and ground squirrels, w ...
... varied over time (Karels and others 2000; Hodges and others 2001). Cyclic mammalian and avian predators were modeled with ⌬B not equal to 0 because population sizes varied (Doyle and Smith 1994, 2001; Rohner 1996; O’Donoghue and others 1997; Rohner and others 2001). For hares and ground squirrels, w ...
An overview of studies on trophic ecology in the
... Trophodynamic aspects of fish in Yucatan have been studied, for example, by Vega-Cendejas et al. (1987). ...
... Trophodynamic aspects of fish in Yucatan have been studied, for example, by Vega-Cendejas et al. (1987). ...
Do Inhibitory Interactions Between Detritivores
... 77% of annual detritivore production in headwater streams in the Southern Appalachians (Wallace et al. 1999). Tallaperla and Tipula appear to be functionally subordinate to the caddisfly Pycnopsyche gentilis with respect to leaf breakdown (Eggert and Wallace 2007, Creed et al. 2009, Rollins 2010). E ...
... 77% of annual detritivore production in headwater streams in the Southern Appalachians (Wallace et al. 1999). Tallaperla and Tipula appear to be functionally subordinate to the caddisfly Pycnopsyche gentilis with respect to leaf breakdown (Eggert and Wallace 2007, Creed et al. 2009, Rollins 2010). E ...
Parasites in Marine Food Webs - Western Washington University
... of some parasites can cause anemia, stunt growth, and impair learning in humans. For macroparasites (i.e., worms that do not multiply within a host), the cost to the host will be related to the number of parasites (and their size), which is a function of exposure rates and defense. For pathogens (in ...
... of some parasites can cause anemia, stunt growth, and impair learning in humans. For macroparasites (i.e., worms that do not multiply within a host), the cost to the host will be related to the number of parasites (and their size), which is a function of exposure rates and defense. For pathogens (in ...
The Demise of American Eel in the Upper St. Lawrence River, Lake
... route to spawn in the Sargasso Sea. The probability of a mature female eel surviving its emigration through the Mississippi and Ottawa River to the upper St. Lawrence River is estimated to be as low as 2.8% due to turbine mortalities alone (2.8–40%). Mortality risk increases as the eel attempts to r ...
... route to spawn in the Sargasso Sea. The probability of a mature female eel surviving its emigration through the Mississippi and Ottawa River to the upper St. Lawrence River is estimated to be as low as 2.8% due to turbine mortalities alone (2.8–40%). Mortality risk increases as the eel attempts to r ...
Fish Habitat Management for PA Impoundments
... Watercraft transport of artificial habitats was necessary, due to the limitations of building the structures on ice-covered or drawn-down impoundments. Because of the inconsistencies of iceout, structures that had been placed at one site often did not end up submerged in the same place. And there we ...
... Watercraft transport of artificial habitats was necessary, due to the limitations of building the structures on ice-covered or drawn-down impoundments. Because of the inconsistencies of iceout, structures that had been placed at one site often did not end up submerged in the same place. And there we ...
Optimization of supplementary feeding programs for European
... Supplementary feeding for scavengers can be defined as the set of activities around the provision of carrion by humans for its exploitation by the targeted species through a wide variation of procedures and protocols. These include the management of fenced feeding sites with abundant and predictable ...
... Supplementary feeding for scavengers can be defined as the set of activities around the provision of carrion by humans for its exploitation by the targeted species through a wide variation of procedures and protocols. These include the management of fenced feeding sites with abundant and predictable ...
Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity
... simplified experiments45. Saturation could be imposed by the spatial homogeneity, short timescales, or limited species pools of experiments that minimize opportunities for expression of niche differences. In support of this hypothesis, select case studies suggest that as experiments run longer, satu ...
... simplified experiments45. Saturation could be imposed by the spatial homogeneity, short timescales, or limited species pools of experiments that minimize opportunities for expression of niche differences. In support of this hypothesis, select case studies suggest that as experiments run longer, satu ...
Nordic Society Oikos
... prey to larger organisms and as predators of smaller eggs (Dineen 1951, Bailey 1952, Nagel 1980). ones. Recent work has dramatically demonstrated The fantaildarter,Etheostoma flabellare,is a moderthe important role fish may play in the structure of ate-sizeddarter(70 mm SL maximum,adultsize usually ...
... prey to larger organisms and as predators of smaller eggs (Dineen 1951, Bailey 1952, Nagel 1980). ones. Recent work has dramatically demonstrated The fantaildarter,Etheostoma flabellare,is a moderthe important role fish may play in the structure of ate-sizeddarter(70 mm SL maximum,adultsize usually ...
Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Biodiversity
... Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=annrevs. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or pr ...
... Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=annrevs. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or pr ...
Trophic facilitation by introduced top predators: grey wolf subsidies
... Active consumption rates Active consumption rates (ACR, Table 2) (i.e. rates averaged over a feeding bout in contrast to feeding rates that may be averaged over some longer time period, such as a day or month) for wolves, coyotes and grizzly bears were measured in captivity (Wilmers & Stahler 2002). ...
... Active consumption rates Active consumption rates (ACR, Table 2) (i.e. rates averaged over a feeding bout in contrast to feeding rates that may be averaged over some longer time period, such as a day or month) for wolves, coyotes and grizzly bears were measured in captivity (Wilmers & Stahler 2002). ...
Ecosystem-based management of coral reefs and interconnected
... 2.2b History of modern coral reefs Stationary sea levels of the past 5,000 years (Tornqvist and Hijma 2012) have permitted a considerable diversification of habitats in shallow waters as reefs at sea level are forced to grow laterally by some minimal accretion on the seaward face and deposition of e ...
... 2.2b History of modern coral reefs Stationary sea levels of the past 5,000 years (Tornqvist and Hijma 2012) have permitted a considerable diversification of habitats in shallow waters as reefs at sea level are forced to grow laterally by some minimal accretion on the seaward face and deposition of e ...
Draft SA LEB Fisheries ESD risk assessment report
... workshops with key fishery stakeholders, engaging an independent facilitator to run the workshop process. These workshops built on earlier scoping work by fisheries managers and industry to identify the majority of management issues facing each fishery. The process is outlined below: 1. Generic ESD ...
... workshops with key fishery stakeholders, engaging an independent facilitator to run the workshop process. These workshops built on earlier scoping work by fisheries managers and industry to identify the majority of management issues facing each fishery. The process is outlined below: 1. Generic ESD ...
... Florida is in a constant state of change: People move in and out of the state; they build communities; rebuild hurricane-damaged structures; enjoy the beaches, weather and wildlife; they also pollute, commute and contribute to the growth that impacts the various resources that make Florida unique. E ...
Fungal alteration of the elemental composition of leaf litter affects
... Chauvet, 1999; Grac!a, 2001). Therefore, the microbially conditioned leaf litter often allows a higher survival, growth rate and/or reproductive output and thus enhances shredder fitness (Grac!a, 2001). Early studies showed that aquatic hyphomycete species differ in degradative capabilities when the ...
... Chauvet, 1999; Grac!a, 2001). Therefore, the microbially conditioned leaf litter often allows a higher survival, growth rate and/or reproductive output and thus enhances shredder fitness (Grac!a, 2001). Early studies showed that aquatic hyphomycete species differ in degradative capabilities when the ...
Herring and ICES: a historical sketch of a few
... renewal process is of a highly irregular nature”. Under “migration thinking”, stock abundance was considered to be relatively constant, with major fluctuations caused by variations in migration patterns. Under “population thinking”, year-class variability generates fluctuations within geographically ...
... renewal process is of a highly irregular nature”. Under “migration thinking”, stock abundance was considered to be relatively constant, with major fluctuations caused by variations in migration patterns. Under “population thinking”, year-class variability generates fluctuations within geographically ...
New Zealand Biodiversity Action Plan
... biodiversity supports. To sustain these economic benefits we must manage primary industries in ways that ensure ...
... biodiversity supports. To sustain these economic benefits we must manage primary industries in ways that ensure ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.