Fishing out marine parasites? Impacts of fishing
... prevalence and parasite abundance peak in these models, the counterintuitive increase in parasites with increasing fishing effort will not be observed (i.e., the system will be on the Ôdownhill sideÕ of the hump-shaped curve). Such models also require the restrictive assumption that the fished speci ...
... prevalence and parasite abundance peak in these models, the counterintuitive increase in parasites with increasing fishing effort will not be observed (i.e., the system will be on the Ôdownhill sideÕ of the hump-shaped curve). Such models also require the restrictive assumption that the fished speci ...
MECHANISMS INFLUENCING THE GROWTH, REPRODUCTION
... Marine invertebrates store lipids for several reasons: to survive when food is in short supply, to provide energy during periods of high activity, as a response to variation in physical variables such as oxygen levels, and to provide buoyancy (Lawrence 1976). Amphipods accumulate lipids when food su ...
... Marine invertebrates store lipids for several reasons: to survive when food is in short supply, to provide energy during periods of high activity, as a response to variation in physical variables such as oxygen levels, and to provide buoyancy (Lawrence 1976). Amphipods accumulate lipids when food su ...
1 INTRODUCTION
... Sea via Ellon, exiting at Newburgh Bar which is 20 kilometres north of Aberdeen. The river is 64 kilometers long, of which approximately 9 kilometers are tidal, with a catchment area of 680 Km² most of which is agricultural land. The Water of Cruden flows through Hatton and enters the North Sea at C ...
... Sea via Ellon, exiting at Newburgh Bar which is 20 kilometres north of Aberdeen. The river is 64 kilometers long, of which approximately 9 kilometers are tidal, with a catchment area of 680 Km² most of which is agricultural land. The Water of Cruden flows through Hatton and enters the North Sea at C ...
The Role of Infectious Diseases in Marine Communities M
... system, fishes are host to a rich parasite community, and many fish parasites remain to be discovered. Even if they dominate species richness, parasites are always smaller than their hosts, so one could argue that they might be relatively insignificant at the ecosystem level. In one of the few ecosy ...
... system, fishes are host to a rich parasite community, and many fish parasites remain to be discovered. Even if they dominate species richness, parasites are always smaller than their hosts, so one could argue that they might be relatively insignificant at the ecosystem level. In one of the few ecosy ...
Biodiversity Hotspots
... hotspots. 3 A reworking of the hotspots analysis in 2004 resulted in the system in place today. 4 Currently, 35 biodiversity hotspots have been identified, most of which occur in tropical forests. They represent just 2.3% of Earth’s land surface, but between them they contain around 50% of the world ...
... hotspots. 3 A reworking of the hotspots analysis in 2004 resulted in the system in place today. 4 Currently, 35 biodiversity hotspots have been identified, most of which occur in tropical forests. They represent just 2.3% of Earth’s land surface, but between them they contain around 50% of the world ...
Hippo Conservation and the World Conservation Union
... from other species that might become endangered. On January 7, 1975 CITES listed pygmy hippos on Appendix II. This meant that all trade of products made from pygmy hippos was to be regulated and monitored internationally. On February 16, 1995 Common hippos were also added to the Appendix II list. ...
... from other species that might become endangered. On January 7, 1975 CITES listed pygmy hippos on Appendix II. This meant that all trade of products made from pygmy hippos was to be regulated and monitored internationally. On February 16, 1995 Common hippos were also added to the Appendix II list. ...
Biodiversity and the functioning of seagrass ecosystems
... mediates ecosystem functional processes such as productivity, trophic transfer, and carbon storage. Recognizing these links, the potential influence of changing biodiversity on ecosystem functioning (BEF) has become a central topic in ecology and conservation biology (Tilman 1999, Loreau et al. 2001 ...
... mediates ecosystem functional processes such as productivity, trophic transfer, and carbon storage. Recognizing these links, the potential influence of changing biodiversity on ecosystem functioning (BEF) has become a central topic in ecology and conservation biology (Tilman 1999, Loreau et al. 2001 ...
Impacts of Warming on the Structure and Functioning of Aquatic
... Veen, 2011). Thus, by characterising the size of organisms and the environmental temperature, we should be able to capture a large amount of the ecologically meaningful variation of a system within a small number of dimensions. That is not to say these are the only variables that matter, rather they ...
... Veen, 2011). Thus, by characterising the size of organisms and the environmental temperature, we should be able to capture a large amount of the ecologically meaningful variation of a system within a small number of dimensions. That is not to say these are the only variables that matter, rather they ...
Towards more efficient longline fisheries: fish feeding behaviour
... distance (Utne-Palm 1999). Knowledge of the visual pigments of the target species (i.e. the spectral sensitivity) and the spectral range of its prey and its environment are thus of great importance. For best visual detection, we should therefore choose a bait/ lure colour that matches the dominant w ...
... distance (Utne-Palm 1999). Knowledge of the visual pigments of the target species (i.e. the spectral sensitivity) and the spectral range of its prey and its environment are thus of great importance. For best visual detection, we should therefore choose a bait/ lure colour that matches the dominant w ...
Everybody Loves Ray?
... and the third offense earned him three years in the galleys. It was 1620 before John Rolfe reported to Sir Edwin Sandys that “the Sturgeon ship… departed hence about the five of July.” Rolfe describes that “great pains” had been taken in fishing to prepare good sturgeon and wrote that by spring, the ...
... and the third offense earned him three years in the galleys. It was 1620 before John Rolfe reported to Sir Edwin Sandys that “the Sturgeon ship… departed hence about the five of July.” Rolfe describes that “great pains” had been taken in fishing to prepare good sturgeon and wrote that by spring, the ...
Short-term changes of protozoan control on autotrophic
... cocktail (BeckmanT") were added. After 5-6 h, the samples were measured twice for 10 min for each sample in a liquid scintillation counter (Beckman'" LS 6000 IC). The number of newly produced bacterial cells was estimated from thymidine uptake using a conversion factor of 2 x 10'" cells mol"' thymid ...
... cocktail (BeckmanT") were added. After 5-6 h, the samples were measured twice for 10 min for each sample in a liquid scintillation counter (Beckman'" LS 6000 IC). The number of newly produced bacterial cells was estimated from thymidine uptake using a conversion factor of 2 x 10'" cells mol"' thymid ...
Biodiversity_and_EMAS_European_B+B_Campaign
... mining, oil and gas, infrastructure, transport Businesses that depend on healthy ecosystems and biodiversity for production, such as agriculture /food production, fisheries, tourism, cosmetics and personal care, natural medicines, pharmaceuticals Industry sectors that finance and undergird economic ...
... mining, oil and gas, infrastructure, transport Businesses that depend on healthy ecosystems and biodiversity for production, such as agriculture /food production, fisheries, tourism, cosmetics and personal care, natural medicines, pharmaceuticals Industry sectors that finance and undergird economic ...
EUR 22550 EN
... term ‘biodiversity’ has become a great success both in science and politics and started to be recognised by wider public. Like an irregularly refined diamond, it offers different aspects depending on the environmental conditions and the angle of observation. However, all the debate on biodiversity c ...
... term ‘biodiversity’ has become a great success both in science and politics and started to be recognised by wider public. Like an irregularly refined diamond, it offers different aspects depending on the environmental conditions and the angle of observation. However, all the debate on biodiversity c ...
Top predators, mesopredators and their prey: interference
... Furthermore, the strength of top predator control of mesopredators may increase with ecosystem productivity (Elmhagen & Rushton 2007). We suggest this could result in ‘interference ecosystems’ where interference divides the predators into two functional groups, top predators and mesopredators. A sec ...
... Furthermore, the strength of top predator control of mesopredators may increase with ecosystem productivity (Elmhagen & Rushton 2007). We suggest this could result in ‘interference ecosystems’ where interference divides the predators into two functional groups, top predators and mesopredators. A sec ...
Management Plan Supplement - Yakima/Klickitat Fisheries Project
... abundance. Historically, 500,000-900,000 adult salmon and steelhead returned to the Yakima Subbasin annually. This total was comprised of spring, summer, and fall chinook, coho, sockeye, and steelhead. Summer chinook, sockeye, and native coho are extinct in the subbasin. Coho currently found in the ...
... abundance. Historically, 500,000-900,000 adult salmon and steelhead returned to the Yakima Subbasin annually. This total was comprised of spring, summer, and fall chinook, coho, sockeye, and steelhead. Summer chinook, sockeye, and native coho are extinct in the subbasin. Coho currently found in the ...
penguins - Cloudfront.net
... • Some species spend as much as 75% of their lives at sea. • Penguin species are found on every continent in the Southern Hemisphere, deep inside the Antarctic Circle. ...
... • Some species spend as much as 75% of their lives at sea. • Penguin species are found on every continent in the Southern Hemisphere, deep inside the Antarctic Circle. ...
Rate of recovery of lichen-dominated tundra vegetation after
... At the time of monitoring plots establishment, the lichen stands were reduced by grazing to a thin layer of fractured lichens and the general height of fruticose species (Cladina ssp.) everywhere was 0.5-1.5-2 cm, on the average 1.25 cm (Magomedova et Morozova 1997). For 13 years of recovery the inc ...
... At the time of monitoring plots establishment, the lichen stands were reduced by grazing to a thin layer of fractured lichens and the general height of fruticose species (Cladina ssp.) everywhere was 0.5-1.5-2 cm, on the average 1.25 cm (Magomedova et Morozova 1997). For 13 years of recovery the inc ...
Biological Synopses of Nearshore Species Buffalo
... and sexual maturity is probably reached at age 4, and a size of approximately 8.5 to 12 inches (22 – 31 cm) for males and 11 to 14 inches (29 – 37 cm) for females. Spawning takes place in March in British Columbia, and from October to January in Puget ...
... and sexual maturity is probably reached at age 4, and a size of approximately 8.5 to 12 inches (22 – 31 cm) for males and 11 to 14 inches (29 – 37 cm) for females. Spawning takes place in March in British Columbia, and from October to January in Puget ...
How body size mediates the role of animals in nutrient cycling in
... Aquatic ecosystems have been fertile ground for understanding the extent to which animals can alter nutrient cycling. Although animals have been included in ecosystem models for years (for example, Teal, 1962), it is only more recently that investigators have looked at animals, either as individuals ...
... Aquatic ecosystems have been fertile ground for understanding the extent to which animals can alter nutrient cycling. Although animals have been included in ecosystem models for years (for example, Teal, 1962), it is only more recently that investigators have looked at animals, either as individuals ...
Effects of Food Type, Habitat, and Fish Predation on the Relative
... than in 1996 and we modified our sampling methodology. A 1 m2 quadrat was randomly placed on the substrate and four samples from each quadrat were taken using the bucket sieve method described above. Samples from each quadrat were pooled. In 2001, we only collected samples from six randomly placed q ...
... than in 1996 and we modified our sampling methodology. A 1 m2 quadrat was randomly placed on the substrate and four samples from each quadrat were taken using the bucket sieve method described above. Samples from each quadrat were pooled. In 2001, we only collected samples from six randomly placed q ...
CONTEXT-DEPENDENT EFFECTS OF FISHING: VARIATION IN
... Notes: The survey year and source for spiny lobster (Jasus edwardsii) and snapper (Pagrus auratus) data presented in Fig. 1 are also given. All lobster and snapper surveys employed the same sampling techniques that are described in Kelly et al. (2000) for lobster and Willis et al. (2003) for snapper ...
... Notes: The survey year and source for spiny lobster (Jasus edwardsii) and snapper (Pagrus auratus) data presented in Fig. 1 are also given. All lobster and snapper surveys employed the same sampling techniques that are described in Kelly et al. (2000) for lobster and Willis et al. (2003) for snapper ...
Environment and Ecology
... developed over long periods of time and are passed on from one Experiments generation to the next. -Understand levels of ecosystem Data Collection organization (e.g., individuals, populations, species) Worksheets ...
... developed over long periods of time and are passed on from one Experiments generation to the next. -Understand levels of ecosystem Data Collection organization (e.g., individuals, populations, species) Worksheets ...
Sustainable Wildlife Management and Human-Wildlife Conflict
... The intrinsic or learned characteristics of wildlife, such as food preferences, migration patterns, wariness, or predation behaviour can also influence conflicts. Generally, lower tolerance is ascribed to wildlife with larger body sizes, that occur in large groups or herd sizes, forage or hunt noctu ...
... The intrinsic or learned characteristics of wildlife, such as food preferences, migration patterns, wariness, or predation behaviour can also influence conflicts. Generally, lower tolerance is ascribed to wildlife with larger body sizes, that occur in large groups or herd sizes, forage or hunt noctu ...
PEWOceans.Aquaculture Report
... A marine protected area is any area of the ocean designated by law, regulation, or other authority, to provide any of a variety of levels of protection to the enclosed environment, including flora, fauna, and historical and cultural resources. A marine reserve is a marine protected area in which no ...
... A marine protected area is any area of the ocean designated by law, regulation, or other authority, to provide any of a variety of levels of protection to the enclosed environment, including flora, fauna, and historical and cultural resources. A marine reserve is a marine protected area in which no ...
Introduction of Sterile Tiger Muskie into Chimney Reservoir as a
... management alternative, if it proved to be undesirable in Chimney Reservoir. By discontinuing stocking and, if appropriate, increasing harvest of established tiger muskie these fish could be removed from the system in a relatively short period of time. Because tiger muskies will not reproduce, conti ...
... management alternative, if it proved to be undesirable in Chimney Reservoir. By discontinuing stocking and, if appropriate, increasing harvest of established tiger muskie these fish could be removed from the system in a relatively short period of time. Because tiger muskies will not reproduce, conti ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.