CONSERVATION AREA MANAGEMENT
... All SCAs should be coded as Stand Condition 8 in Operations Inventory. This will provide a single location to document conservation elements in the inventory. High Conservation Value Areas (HCVAs): areas that have been recognized for their contribution to specific conservation values, objectives and ...
... All SCAs should be coded as Stand Condition 8 in Operations Inventory. This will provide a single location to document conservation elements in the inventory. High Conservation Value Areas (HCVAs): areas that have been recognized for their contribution to specific conservation values, objectives and ...
The Feeding Ecology of Flatfish in the Northwest Atlantic
... Flatfish are an economically and ecologically important component of continental shelf ecosystems worldwide. These species are impacted from fishing activities, both as direct targets and through indirect effects on habitat and food supply. We examined 25 years of diet data for juveniles and adults ...
... Flatfish are an economically and ecologically important component of continental shelf ecosystems worldwide. These species are impacted from fishing activities, both as direct targets and through indirect effects on habitat and food supply. We examined 25 years of diet data for juveniles and adults ...
Stability and complexity : a reappraisal of the Competitive Exclusion
... `mathematical stability' similar to Elton's concept of ecological stability. When large systems were examined by May (1972) he found that they exhibited a great tendency to become unstable as complexity increased, when a certain critical threshold was reached. Complexity is measured as connectance ( ...
... `mathematical stability' similar to Elton's concept of ecological stability. When large systems were examined by May (1972) he found that they exhibited a great tendency to become unstable as complexity increased, when a certain critical threshold was reached. Complexity is measured as connectance ( ...
A comparison of whole-community and ecosystem approaches
... concert with those acting over the domain of the entire community. All populations are embedded in an ecological context, i.e. processes that accrue at the population level permanently change properties of the whole system. These, in turn, impose new constraints back upon the individual populations ...
... concert with those acting over the domain of the entire community. All populations are embedded in an ecological context, i.e. processes that accrue at the population level permanently change properties of the whole system. These, in turn, impose new constraints back upon the individual populations ...
Seasonally varying importance of abiotic and biotic factors in marsh
... surf-zone fishes, which are introduced to the island ponds during periodic wash-over events, are unable to persist for extended periods. We simulated over-wash events by collecting fishes from the shallow surf-zone and introducing them into 0.56 m2 field enclosures. During summer months, surfzone fi ...
... surf-zone fishes, which are introduced to the island ponds during periodic wash-over events, are unable to persist for extended periods. We simulated over-wash events by collecting fishes from the shallow surf-zone and introducing them into 0.56 m2 field enclosures. During summer months, surfzone fi ...
biodiversity on farmland - Bio
... micro-organisms; the genes they carry and the land and water ecosystems of which they are a part. Biodiversity has been evolving since the beginning of life. It provides us with fresh air, clean water and fertile soil and is the basis of the interconnected web of life on earth. Biodiversity is essen ...
... micro-organisms; the genes they carry and the land and water ecosystems of which they are a part. Biodiversity has been evolving since the beginning of life. It provides us with fresh air, clean water and fertile soil and is the basis of the interconnected web of life on earth. Biodiversity is essen ...
The ecological consequences of habitat fragmentation
... phenomenon. Much of what the study of habitat fragmentation is concerned with today is the ecological consequences of land-use change for organisms living in networks of remnant patches surrounded by a mosaic of modified or novel land use types. This was not always the case, though. The historical r ...
... phenomenon. Much of what the study of habitat fragmentation is concerned with today is the ecological consequences of land-use change for organisms living in networks of remnant patches surrounded by a mosaic of modified or novel land use types. This was not always the case, though. The historical r ...
ENHANCING BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS
... compete with and displace Murray cod, habitat degradation from water extraction, and erosion where visitors drive off the access road. The removal of snags, which removes an important feature of the habitat for Murray cod, is a potential threat. CURRENT MANAGEMENT: Murweh Shire Council maintains roa ...
... compete with and displace Murray cod, habitat degradation from water extraction, and erosion where visitors drive off the access road. The removal of snags, which removes an important feature of the habitat for Murray cod, is a potential threat. CURRENT MANAGEMENT: Murweh Shire Council maintains roa ...
Interactions between phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish in the
... plicatilis, Polyarthra vulgaris). Latter group shows a positive correlation with Zygophyceae and Cyanophyceae. We found a correlation between the densities of phytoplankton and Zooplankton. This may be due to two main factors: nutrient regeneration by Zooplankton, which leads to an increase in Phyto ...
... plicatilis, Polyarthra vulgaris). Latter group shows a positive correlation with Zygophyceae and Cyanophyceae. We found a correlation between the densities of phytoplankton and Zooplankton. This may be due to two main factors: nutrient regeneration by Zooplankton, which leads to an increase in Phyto ...
The Science of Ecology for a Sustainable World
... This word did not acquire much of its current meaning, however, until it was adopted several decades later by the Danish botanist Eugenius Warming (1841–1924). In his pioneering text on plant ecology of 1895, this scientist defined ecology as the study of “the manifold and complex relations subsisti ...
... This word did not acquire much of its current meaning, however, until it was adopted several decades later by the Danish botanist Eugenius Warming (1841–1924). In his pioneering text on plant ecology of 1895, this scientist defined ecology as the study of “the manifold and complex relations subsisti ...
DIETS OF SEABIRDS AND CONSEQUENCES OF CHANGES IN
... possible hazards to humans than does sampling from low trophic levels. Because their biology is generally well known, the interpretation of pollutant burdens is easier. By integrating over ICES Coop. Res. Rep. No. 232 ...
... possible hazards to humans than does sampling from low trophic levels. Because their biology is generally well known, the interpretation of pollutant burdens is easier. By integrating over ICES Coop. Res. Rep. No. 232 ...
Potential Influences of Whaling on the Status and Trends of
... Although this volume focuses on whales and whaling, the depletion of great whales over the last 50 to 150 years perturbed the marine interaction web, thus influencing many other species and ecosystem processes (Estes, Chapter 1 of this volume; Paine, Chapter 2 of this volume). Such interaction web e ...
... Although this volume focuses on whales and whaling, the depletion of great whales over the last 50 to 150 years perturbed the marine interaction web, thus influencing many other species and ecosystem processes (Estes, Chapter 1 of this volume; Paine, Chapter 2 of this volume). Such interaction web e ...
The Functions of Biological Diversity in an Age of Extinction REVIEW
... Spatial scale is central in assessing the external validity of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research because, relative to nature, typical experiments have less biodiversity and are smaller in size, shorter in duration, and much simpler in ecological structure. At large scales, in the absen ...
... Spatial scale is central in assessing the external validity of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research because, relative to nature, typical experiments have less biodiversity and are smaller in size, shorter in duration, and much simpler in ecological structure. At large scales, in the absen ...
Basic and Applied Ecology
... A current goal in ecology is to elucidate the relative roles of primary and secondary consumers versus plant resources in determining community structure and dynamics. The complexity and diversity of terrestrial communities has been hypothesized to strongly influence the strength of these topdown an ...
... A current goal in ecology is to elucidate the relative roles of primary and secondary consumers versus plant resources in determining community structure and dynamics. The complexity and diversity of terrestrial communities has been hypothesized to strongly influence the strength of these topdown an ...
When is a trophic cascade a trophic cascade?
... interaction as a trophic cascade, regardless of the exact mechanism by which the indirect interaction occurs (e.g. trophic cascades would include strong effects arising from indirect interactions, such as keystone or intraguild predation). Second, this definition (which includes both species-level a ...
... interaction as a trophic cascade, regardless of the exact mechanism by which the indirect interaction occurs (e.g. trophic cascades would include strong effects arising from indirect interactions, such as keystone or intraguild predation). Second, this definition (which includes both species-level a ...
Does diet in Celtic Sea fishes reflect prey availability?
... diet choice within a homogeneous patch. If the forager moves to another patch the model should ideally be freshly applied and this means that such models cannot be tested by simply looking at stomach contents data and taking overall averages (Stephens & Krebs, 1986). For example, a predator might fo ...
... diet choice within a homogeneous patch. If the forager moves to another patch the model should ideally be freshly applied and this means that such models cannot be tested by simply looking at stomach contents data and taking overall averages (Stephens & Krebs, 1986). For example, a predator might fo ...
Ecosystem Functions of Tidal Fresh, Brackish, and Salt Marshes on
... (Satilla: fresh: 6.7 (1.5), brackish: 23.7 (1.3), saline: 30.8 (0.71); Ogeechee: fresh: 12.2 (1.4), brackish: 23.6 (1.9), saline: 28.9 (0.4); PSU (standard error)), in part because they represented summer and fall seasons when river discharge in Georgia is generally lower and salinities higher (e.g. ...
... (Satilla: fresh: 6.7 (1.5), brackish: 23.7 (1.3), saline: 30.8 (0.71); Ogeechee: fresh: 12.2 (1.4), brackish: 23.6 (1.9), saline: 28.9 (0.4); PSU (standard error)), in part because they represented summer and fall seasons when river discharge in Georgia is generally lower and salinities higher (e.g. ...
Ecosystem Functions of Tidal Fresh, Brackish, and Salt Marshes on
... (Satilla: fresh: 6.7 (1.5), brackish: 23.7 (1.3), saline: 30.8 (0.71); Ogeechee: fresh: 12.2 (1.4), brackish: 23.6 (1.9), saline: 28.9 (0.4); PSU (standard error)), in part because they represented summer and fall seasons when river discharge in Georgia is generally lower and salinities higher (e.g. ...
... (Satilla: fresh: 6.7 (1.5), brackish: 23.7 (1.3), saline: 30.8 (0.71); Ogeechee: fresh: 12.2 (1.4), brackish: 23.6 (1.9), saline: 28.9 (0.4); PSU (standard error)), in part because they represented summer and fall seasons when river discharge in Georgia is generally lower and salinities higher (e.g. ...
Biodiversity Plan - Banyule City Council
... Many areas of natural habitat occur within Banyule and adjacent land, providing important refuges for indigenous plants and animals. Substantial loss and fragmentation of natural habitat has occurred over time due to: • clearing for agriculture • urban development This has disturbed the ecosystem dy ...
... Many areas of natural habitat occur within Banyule and adjacent land, providing important refuges for indigenous plants and animals. Substantial loss and fragmentation of natural habitat has occurred over time due to: • clearing for agriculture • urban development This has disturbed the ecosystem dy ...
Peckarsky et al. (2008) - Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory
... Yoshida et al. 2003), textbook accounts generally describe consumption by predators as the mechanism driving the dynamics. For example, a recent introductory ecology textbook summarizes the lynx–hare population cycles and associated indirect effects on plant resources as follows: ‘‘This potential de ...
... Yoshida et al. 2003), textbook accounts generally describe consumption by predators as the mechanism driving the dynamics. For example, a recent introductory ecology textbook summarizes the lynx–hare population cycles and associated indirect effects on plant resources as follows: ‘‘This potential de ...
Predation of juvenile tiger prawns in a tropical Australian estuary
... postlarval P. semisulcatus and P. esculentus by multiplying the total number of tiger prawn postlarvae in each sample by the ratio of 3 and 4 mm CL P. semisulcatus:P. esculentus from the following week's catch. This is a valid approximation because juvenile tiger prawns grow at a rate of approximate ...
... postlarval P. semisulcatus and P. esculentus by multiplying the total number of tiger prawn postlarvae in each sample by the ratio of 3 and 4 mm CL P. semisulcatus:P. esculentus from the following week's catch. This is a valid approximation because juvenile tiger prawns grow at a rate of approximate ...
Network structure and robustness of marine food webs
... Previous studies suggest that food-web theory has yet to account for major differences between marine food webs and the trophic structure of other ecosystems. We examined this issue by analyzing the structure of food webs for Benguela (South Africa), a Caribbean reef, and the Northeast US shelf with ...
... Previous studies suggest that food-web theory has yet to account for major differences between marine food webs and the trophic structure of other ecosystems. We examined this issue by analyzing the structure of food webs for Benguela (South Africa), a Caribbean reef, and the Northeast US shelf with ...
Patterns of trophic niche divergence between invasive
... sympatric P. parva and T. tinca and G. aculeatus treatments were run in 2013 and were replicated three times. All mesocosms were established 1 month prior to the fish being introduced by filling them with water from a nearby fishless pond. Each was provided with a gravel (c. 6 mm diameter) substrata ...
... sympatric P. parva and T. tinca and G. aculeatus treatments were run in 2013 and were replicated three times. All mesocosms were established 1 month prior to the fish being introduced by filling them with water from a nearby fishless pond. Each was provided with a gravel (c. 6 mm diameter) substrata ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.