FOR THE SOUTHERN DESIGNATABLE UNIT
... and was estimated to be 10,600t at the beginning of 2009. Estimated 5Zjm cod SSB has been below the LRP since 1994 and is currently estimated to be 9,260t. Projections were undertaken for both stocks and at the DU level. Future productivity conditions are very uncertain. Thus, these projections sh ...
... and was estimated to be 10,600t at the beginning of 2009. Estimated 5Zjm cod SSB has been below the LRP since 1994 and is currently estimated to be 9,260t. Projections were undertaken for both stocks and at the DU level. Future productivity conditions are very uncertain. Thus, these projections sh ...
Management of Recreational Fish Ponds in Texas
... can be stocked in larger farm ponds (more than 25 acres), but only after the largemouth bass initially stocked have spawned several times. Also, largemouth bass harvest must be carefully controlled to ensure enough bass in the pond to control crappie numbers. Flathead catfish are voracious eaters, c ...
... can be stocked in larger farm ponds (more than 25 acres), but only after the largemouth bass initially stocked have spawned several times. Also, largemouth bass harvest must be carefully controlled to ensure enough bass in the pond to control crappie numbers. Flathead catfish are voracious eaters, c ...
Demography and feeding behavior of the kelp crab Taliepus
... two factors being time (hour) and site (habitat). When the ANOVAs revealed significant differences, a post hoc Tukey HDS was applied. The analyses ...
... two factors being time (hour) and site (habitat). When the ANOVAs revealed significant differences, a post hoc Tukey HDS was applied. The analyses ...
Ch 6 Humans in the Biosphere power points
... When land is developed, natural habitats may be destroyed. Development often splits ecosystems into pieces, a process called habitat fragmentation. The smaller a species’ habitat is, the more vulnerable the species is to further disturbance. ...
... When land is developed, natural habitats may be destroyed. Development often splits ecosystems into pieces, a process called habitat fragmentation. The smaller a species’ habitat is, the more vulnerable the species is to further disturbance. ...
Gill Netting
... less maintenance than natural fibres like cotton and hemp, which had previously been used to make nets. In addition, nets made with synthetic twines generally caught more fish than nets of natural fibre used in comparable situations. Most gill-net fisheries, for both migratory salmonids and marine s ...
... less maintenance than natural fibres like cotton and hemp, which had previously been used to make nets. In addition, nets made with synthetic twines generally caught more fish than nets of natural fibre used in comparable situations. Most gill-net fisheries, for both migratory salmonids and marine s ...
Assessment of environmental management effects in a shallow
... where DC is the diet matrix, which describes the relationships among groups whose elements DCji represent the fraction of the prey i in the average diet of the predator j; Bi is the biomass of each group; Pi /Bi and Qi /Bi are metabolic rates, i.e. production and consumption per unit of biomass, res ...
... where DC is the diet matrix, which describes the relationships among groups whose elements DCji represent the fraction of the prey i in the average diet of the predator j; Bi is the biomass of each group; Pi /Bi and Qi /Bi are metabolic rates, i.e. production and consumption per unit of biomass, res ...
Scavenging: how carnivores and carrion structure communities
... chains composed of plants, herbivores and predators [2], where carnivore feeding generally leads to prey death [19]. However, theory is beginning to recognize that feeding need not kill prey to have widespread effects on web dynamics [18,20,21]. Indeed, food webs are built upon and stabilized by mos ...
... chains composed of plants, herbivores and predators [2], where carnivore feeding generally leads to prey death [19]. However, theory is beginning to recognize that feeding need not kill prey to have widespread effects on web dynamics [18,20,21]. Indeed, food webs are built upon and stabilized by mos ...
Mechanisms driving recruitment variability in fish: comparisons
... many Great Lakes fisheries are made up of non-native species, generally Pacific salmonids, that are maintained through stocking (although some natural reproduction is known to occur). Nonnative salmonids were originally stocked to reduce populations of invasive forage species (Tanner and Tody, 2002) ...
... many Great Lakes fisheries are made up of non-native species, generally Pacific salmonids, that are maintained through stocking (although some natural reproduction is known to occur). Nonnative salmonids were originally stocked to reduce populations of invasive forage species (Tanner and Tody, 2002) ...
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 339:65
... nearly an order of magnitude. T. testudinum shoot density and belowground biomass were not affected by herbivory, but aboveground biomass and leaf surface area were higher within cages, suggesting that although herbivory influenced both seagrass species, T. testudinum was more resistant to herbivory ...
... nearly an order of magnitude. T. testudinum shoot density and belowground biomass were not affected by herbivory, but aboveground biomass and leaf surface area were higher within cages, suggesting that although herbivory influenced both seagrass species, T. testudinum was more resistant to herbivory ...
Predators drive community structure in coral reef fish assemblages
... reserves) would have distinct fish communities from those where piscivores have been depleted through fishing, due to variation in predation pressure. We predicted that predator depletion would result in ‘‘prey release’’, and a corresponding increase in prey densities along a gradient of fishing int ...
... reserves) would have distinct fish communities from those where piscivores have been depleted through fishing, due to variation in predation pressure. We predicted that predator depletion would result in ‘‘prey release’’, and a corresponding increase in prey densities along a gradient of fishing int ...
Caulerpa taxifolia, a Growing Menace for the Temperate Marine
... A number of eradication methods have been tested: manual removal of the plants, suction pump, hot water, electrolysis with copper electrodes, copper ions through an ionic selective membrane, and the use of chlorine. The biological control by molluscs and nudibranchs is in an experimental phase, but ...
... A number of eradication methods have been tested: manual removal of the plants, suction pump, hot water, electrolysis with copper electrodes, copper ions through an ionic selective membrane, and the use of chlorine. The biological control by molluscs and nudibranchs is in an experimental phase, but ...
Clownfish: Why Tank-Raised is Better than Wild
... Accustomed to people Wild harvested clownfish, when first received, may be shy and afraid of people. Tank raised clownfish are usually just the opposite. Since birth, these fish have associated humans with food and often become excited when they see people approaching their aquarium. Many aquarists ...
... Accustomed to people Wild harvested clownfish, when first received, may be shy and afraid of people. Tank raised clownfish are usually just the opposite. Since birth, these fish have associated humans with food and often become excited when they see people approaching their aquarium. Many aquarists ...
The intraspecific scaling of metabolic rate with body mass in fishes
... Metabolism enables organisms to transform energy and materials from the environment into biological structures and functions. The metabolic rate and ecology of organisms should therefore be interrelated. On the one hand, an organismÕs ecosystem will be influenced by the energetic demands of that ind ...
... Metabolism enables organisms to transform energy and materials from the environment into biological structures and functions. The metabolic rate and ecology of organisms should therefore be interrelated. On the one hand, an organismÕs ecosystem will be influenced by the energetic demands of that ind ...
The role of earthworms for assessment of sustainability and as
... 1994). In addition, most Eucalyptus spp., on which reforestation in temperate and many tropical countries is based, produce litter that is not attractive to earthworms and most soil invertebrates, and tends to lead to their disappearance (Curry, 1994). Fresh deciduous forest litter is generally attr ...
... 1994). In addition, most Eucalyptus spp., on which reforestation in temperate and many tropical countries is based, produce litter that is not attractive to earthworms and most soil invertebrates, and tends to lead to their disappearance (Curry, 1994). Fresh deciduous forest litter is generally attr ...
Long-term trends in juvenile flatfish indicate a
... Next, for 0-, I- and II-groups, total annual food intake was determined by first fitting a polynomial through the DFI, and solving the function by integration over the growing season (March–October). Macrozoobenthic prey items. Since 1975, the Balgzand macrozoobenthos community has been consistently ...
... Next, for 0-, I- and II-groups, total annual food intake was determined by first fitting a polynomial through the DFI, and solving the function by integration over the growing season (March–October). Macrozoobenthic prey items. Since 1975, the Balgzand macrozoobenthos community has been consistently ...
The Rise of the Mesopredator
... Apex predators have experienced catastrophic declines throughout the world as a result of human persecution and habitat loss. These collapses in top predator populations are commonly associated with dramatic increases in the abundance of smaller predators. Known as “mesopredator release,” this troph ...
... Apex predators have experienced catastrophic declines throughout the world as a result of human persecution and habitat loss. These collapses in top predator populations are commonly associated with dramatic increases in the abundance of smaller predators. Known as “mesopredator release,” this troph ...
Kelp Forests
... holdfasts, long, branched stipes and hundreds of wrinkled blades supported by bulb-shaped pneumatocysts. Special reproductive blades, called sporophylls, near the holdfast produce and release spores to form new microscopic plants. Giant kelp forms dense, underwater forests just offshore in water te ...
... holdfasts, long, branched stipes and hundreds of wrinkled blades supported by bulb-shaped pneumatocysts. Special reproductive blades, called sporophylls, near the holdfast produce and release spores to form new microscopic plants. Giant kelp forms dense, underwater forests just offshore in water te ...
CBD Fourth National Report - Botswana (English version)
... Table 1: Ecoregions in Botswana and their global conservation status .................................................. 4 Table 2: Species richness within Botswana taxa..................................................................................... 6 Table 3: Types of Protected Areas in Botswan ...
... Table 1: Ecoregions in Botswana and their global conservation status .................................................. 4 Table 2: Species richness within Botswana taxa..................................................................................... 6 Table 3: Types of Protected Areas in Botswan ...
30 years of the endangered species act
... Habitat destruction and excessive hunting were the primary culprits in the American alligator’s decline. ...
... Habitat destruction and excessive hunting were the primary culprits in the American alligator’s decline. ...
A gentle depilation of the niche: Dicean
... very specifically in terms of the physical conditions, food resources, etc., required by the species. For example, he refers to a song sparrow seeking out "its own 'natural' type of habitat, the streamside thicket— the ecologic niche of its species" (Gnnnell 1928, p. 442). In another spot (p. 437), ...
... very specifically in terms of the physical conditions, food resources, etc., required by the species. For example, he refers to a song sparrow seeking out "its own 'natural' type of habitat, the streamside thicket— the ecologic niche of its species" (Gnnnell 1928, p. 442). In another spot (p. 437), ...
Linking modern coexistence theory and contemporary niche theory
... Abstract. Modern coexistence theory and contemporary niche theory represent parallel frameworks for understanding the niche’s role in species coexistence. Despite increasing prominence and shared goals, their compatibility and complementarity have received little attention. This paucity of overlap n ...
... Abstract. Modern coexistence theory and contemporary niche theory represent parallel frameworks for understanding the niche’s role in species coexistence. Despite increasing prominence and shared goals, their compatibility and complementarity have received little attention. This paucity of overlap n ...
On the methodology of feeding ecology in fish
... behaviour of a fish species. Optimal foraging, the core hypothesis of feeding ecology, in true ...
... behaviour of a fish species. Optimal foraging, the core hypothesis of feeding ecology, in true ...
Investigation of the Lionfish Invasion along the Indian River Lagoon
... http://protectflreefs.wordpress.com/2012/01/17/mangrove-habitats-are-important-to-maintaining-healthy-coastal-ecosystems/ ...
... http://protectflreefs.wordpress.com/2012/01/17/mangrove-habitats-are-important-to-maintaining-healthy-coastal-ecosystems/ ...
Changes to Marine Trophic Networks Caused by
... marine ecosystems, it has been widely questioned (Branch et al., 2010; Essington et al., 2006; Powers & Monk, 2010) because it is influenced by economic interests in the different fisheries. Branch et al. (2010) reported that the computation of catch MTL does not adequately correlate with ecosystem ...
... marine ecosystems, it has been widely questioned (Branch et al., 2010; Essington et al., 2006; Powers & Monk, 2010) because it is influenced by economic interests in the different fisheries. Branch et al. (2010) reported that the computation of catch MTL does not adequately correlate with ecosystem ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.