Insights from the ocean carbon cycle
... In the last 1000 years the global climate system underwent substantial changes [e.g., Lehner et al., 2013], and the current anthropogenic warming is projected to continue [e.g., Stocker et al., 2013]. These climatic changes might have the potential to substantially affect modes of natural variability ...
... In the last 1000 years the global climate system underwent substantial changes [e.g., Lehner et al., 2013], and the current anthropogenic warming is projected to continue [e.g., Stocker et al., 2013]. These climatic changes might have the potential to substantially affect modes of natural variability ...
Rapid Climate Change Report
... Foreword Since our first report on climate change, ‘Adapt or Bust’, we have seen the most conclusive evidence yet that the climate’s current warming trend is directly linked to human activity. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has effectively closed the debate, and the latest science sug ...
... Foreword Since our first report on climate change, ‘Adapt or Bust’, we have seen the most conclusive evidence yet that the climate’s current warming trend is directly linked to human activity. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has effectively closed the debate, and the latest science sug ...
CCSP Observations: Overview and Critical Issues
... scientists and decisionmakers. 4. Preserve data. ...
... scientists and decisionmakers. 4. Preserve data. ...
Advantage CP 2 7WK - Open Evidence Archive
... include about $45 billion for retrofitting buildings to increase their energy efficiency significantly; $20 billion to upgrade the public transportation system; $32 billion for building “smart grid” electrical transmissions systems that can, among other things, efficiently use power from renewable s ...
... include about $45 billion for retrofitting buildings to increase their energy efficiency significantly; $20 billion to upgrade the public transportation system; $32 billion for building “smart grid” electrical transmissions systems that can, among other things, efficiently use power from renewable s ...
Planetary atmospheres
... • Prospect of human-induced global warming on Earth needs to be taken seriously Page 65 ...
... • Prospect of human-induced global warming on Earth needs to be taken seriously Page 65 ...
The power spectral density of atmospheric temperature from time
... giving rise to the observed warming over the past century. However, their stochastic model for the natural variability of climate was an autoregressive model which had an exponential autocorrelation dependence on time lag. We present evidence for a power-law autocorrelation function, implying larger ...
... giving rise to the observed warming over the past century. However, their stochastic model for the natural variability of climate was an autoregressive model which had an exponential autocorrelation dependence on time lag. We present evidence for a power-law autocorrelation function, implying larger ...
CO 2 - NSTA Learning Center - National Science Teachers
... 1. Biota living in the polar regions are special. Why is this and why as scientists should we be interested in studying polar biology? 2. Why are arctic terrestrial ecosystems important to global climate change. 3. Some reasons why Antarctic living systems are a ...
... 1. Biota living in the polar regions are special. Why is this and why as scientists should we be interested in studying polar biology? 2. Why are arctic terrestrial ecosystems important to global climate change. 3. Some reasons why Antarctic living systems are a ...
The scientific case for a cumulative carbon budget
... would be extremely expensive, and might not be technically or politically feasible. Although peak emissions are very different, total cumulative emissions up to the time emissions reach zero is the same in all three cases. The most likely temperature responses, shown by the coloured lines in the rig ...
... would be extremely expensive, and might not be technically or politically feasible. Although peak emissions are very different, total cumulative emissions up to the time emissions reach zero is the same in all three cases. The most likely temperature responses, shown by the coloured lines in the rig ...
climate and the earth`s radiation budget
... 0.9-1.5 W/m 2 /K. There have been many empirical estimates 6 of A from satellite measurements of Earth's radiation budget. In general, these studies use the latitudinal and seasonal changes in the observed F, a and T to estimate A. As shown in the table on page 24, the model feedback parameters are ...
... 0.9-1.5 W/m 2 /K. There have been many empirical estimates 6 of A from satellite measurements of Earth's radiation budget. In general, these studies use the latitudinal and seasonal changes in the observed F, a and T to estimate A. As shown in the table on page 24, the model feedback parameters are ...
The Critical Role of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans
... ice contained a climate record ranging back about 110,000 years. Scientists discovered that past air temperatures over Greenland (left) repeatedly swung up and down by 10° to 20° F—within 3 to 10 years. Additional evidence has reinforced these conclusions: • Abrupt climate shifts have affected wides ...
... ice contained a climate record ranging back about 110,000 years. Scientists discovered that past air temperatures over Greenland (left) repeatedly swung up and down by 10° to 20° F—within 3 to 10 years. Additional evidence has reinforced these conclusions: • Abrupt climate shifts have affected wides ...
Rose and Rayborn, "The effects of ocean heat uptake on transient
... many types of climate models, and is generally a good ...
... many types of climate models, and is generally a good ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Research Volume Title: The Economics of Climate Change: Adaptations Past and...
... is large—a decrease of 1.1 percentage points of growth for each 1°C rise in temperature—but significant only for poorer countries.3 To calculate WTP when T affects the growth rate of GDP, I assume that in the absence of warming, real GDP and consumption would grow at a constant rate g0, but warming ...
... is large—a decrease of 1.1 percentage points of growth for each 1°C rise in temperature—but significant only for poorer countries.3 To calculate WTP when T affects the growth rate of GDP, I assume that in the absence of warming, real GDP and consumption would grow at a constant rate g0, but warming ...
Global Climate Change - Florida Atlantic University
... Unequal heating of the Earth’s surface also forms large global wind systems. In area near the equator, the sun is almost directly overhead for most of the year. Warm air rises at the equator and moves toward the poles. At the poles, the cooler air sinks and moves back toward the equator. Global wind ...
... Unequal heating of the Earth’s surface also forms large global wind systems. In area near the equator, the sun is almost directly overhead for most of the year. Warm air rises at the equator and moves toward the poles. At the poles, the cooler air sinks and moves back toward the equator. Global wind ...
Implications for US National Security of Anticipated Climate Change
... Effects of Climate Change on National Security: Possible Pathways Climate change and its resulting effects are likely to pose wide-ranging national security challenges for the United States and other countries over the next 20 years through the following pathways: Threats to the stability of countri ...
... Effects of Climate Change on National Security: Possible Pathways Climate change and its resulting effects are likely to pose wide-ranging national security challenges for the United States and other countries over the next 20 years through the following pathways: Threats to the stability of countri ...
The IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources
... • Four subject areas and three working groups • 100 – 200 scientists nominated and selected for each report (representing the best in the field and from all world regions) • Multiple scientific and government review of each report • Consensus decision by the IPCC plenary on each report • Accepted ba ...
... • Four subject areas and three working groups • 100 – 200 scientists nominated and selected for each report (representing the best in the field and from all world regions) • Multiple scientific and government review of each report • Consensus decision by the IPCC plenary on each report • Accepted ba ...
Whales in Hot Water?
... Climate change will also have indirect impacts on cetaceans, such as a probable increase in susceptibility to disease and contaminants and changes in the availability and abundance of food resources, particularly for whales which have specialised feeding habitats. The prey species of many ...
... Climate change will also have indirect impacts on cetaceans, such as a probable increase in susceptibility to disease and contaminants and changes in the availability and abundance of food resources, particularly for whales which have specialised feeding habitats. The prey species of many ...
Why negative CO2 emission technologies should not be classified
... effect and reducing the amount of solar radiation available to warm the lower atmosphere like a major volcanic explosion, but on a sustained basis. Such an alteration would come with serious adverse consequences and risks including regionally changed precipitation patterns.4 SRM would not halt ocea ...
... effect and reducing the amount of solar radiation available to warm the lower atmosphere like a major volcanic explosion, but on a sustained basis. Such an alteration would come with serious adverse consequences and risks including regionally changed precipitation patterns.4 SRM would not halt ocea ...
Tommy Shao Humanities 58` Global Issues Research Paper Dec 8
... population remains to act the same. Climate change effects have slowly built up over the century and are strongly present today. For 650,000 years, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels had never been above 300, but the current level is 400 (“Climate Change how do we know”). With each updated report fro ...
... population remains to act the same. Climate change effects have slowly built up over the century and are strongly present today. For 650,000 years, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels had never been above 300, but the current level is 400 (“Climate Change how do we know”). With each updated report fro ...
Climate Change - cloudfront.net
... examining the data, analysis methods, and findings of a study that has been submitted for publication. This peer review process provides quality assurance for scientific results, ensuring that anything published in a scientific journal has been reviewed and approved by other independent experts in t ...
... examining the data, analysis methods, and findings of a study that has been submitted for publication. This peer review process provides quality assurance for scientific results, ensuring that anything published in a scientific journal has been reviewed and approved by other independent experts in t ...
Assessing Earthquake Risks along the West African Coast in the
... Some scholars said it took a considerable time (Wright 1937) while some other scholars said that adjustment was immediate and affected the whole earth (Daly 1934). The idea of suddenness or slowness of the happening of environment- changing events had been argued by the Catastrophists under Cuvier a ...
... Some scholars said it took a considerable time (Wright 1937) while some other scholars said that adjustment was immediate and affected the whole earth (Daly 1934). The idea of suddenness or slowness of the happening of environment- changing events had been argued by the Catastrophists under Cuvier a ...
X - School of GeoSciences
... 20. Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, USA 21. Goddard Earth Science & Technology Center (GEST), Maryland, Washington, DC, USA. ...
... 20. Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, USA 21. Goddard Earth Science & Technology Center (GEST), Maryland, Washington, DC, USA. ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.