X - School of GeoSciences
... 20. Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, USA 21. Goddard Earth Science & Technology Center (GEST), Maryland, Washington, DC, USA. ...
... 20. Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, USA 21. Goddard Earth Science & Technology Center (GEST), Maryland, Washington, DC, USA. ...
Lindzen2014-What Catastrophe.pdf
... is all consistent with what he holds responsible for climate change: a small bit of man-made impact and a whole lot of natural variability. The real fight, though, is over what’s coming in the future if humans continue to burn fossil fuels unabated. According to the IPCC, the answer is nothing good. ...
... is all consistent with what he holds responsible for climate change: a small bit of man-made impact and a whole lot of natural variability. The real fight, though, is over what’s coming in the future if humans continue to burn fossil fuels unabated. According to the IPCC, the answer is nothing good. ...
Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon
... which is comparable to the TOA GHG forcing (Fig. 2a). The third process is the surface dimming. The BC absorption of direct solar radiation reduces the solar radiation reaching the surface and leads to dimming (Fig. 2c). The BC dimming is further enhanced by the direct and indirect effects of non-BC ...
... which is comparable to the TOA GHG forcing (Fig. 2a). The third process is the surface dimming. The BC absorption of direct solar radiation reduces the solar radiation reaching the surface and leads to dimming (Fig. 2c). The BC dimming is further enhanced by the direct and indirect effects of non-BC ...
Seasonal trends and temperature dependence of the snowfall
... temperature in Switzerland (calculated from the 12 MeteoSwiss reference stations with homogenized temperature records [Begert et al., 2005; Rebetez and Reinhard, 2008]) has increased by 1.82 K (1961–2008) and 1.48 K (1979– 2008), while mean winter temperature has increased by 1.86 K and 1.29 K, resp ...
... temperature in Switzerland (calculated from the 12 MeteoSwiss reference stations with homogenized temperature records [Begert et al., 2005; Rebetez and Reinhard, 2008]) has increased by 1.82 K (1961–2008) and 1.48 K (1979– 2008), while mean winter temperature has increased by 1.86 K and 1.29 K, resp ...
Anthropogenic contributions to Australia`s record summer
... are increasing at a relatively faster rate than daily extremes [Coumou and Rahmstorf, 2012], such that many of the large number of recent record-breaking heat waves and summer extremes have been associated with anthropogenic influences [Hansen et al., 2012]. As changes in climatic means can lead to v ...
... are increasing at a relatively faster rate than daily extremes [Coumou and Rahmstorf, 2012], such that many of the large number of recent record-breaking heat waves and summer extremes have been associated with anthropogenic influences [Hansen et al., 2012]. As changes in climatic means can lead to v ...
Disparity in elevational shifts of European trees in
... The study was conducted at eight different sites located along a latitudinal gradient across Europe, from southern Spain to northern Sweden (Fig. 1). We selected an altitudinal gradient at each site. Table 1 provides a brief description of the study sites, including information about the elevational ...
... The study was conducted at eight different sites located along a latitudinal gradient across Europe, from southern Spain to northern Sweden (Fig. 1). We selected an altitudinal gradient at each site. Table 1 provides a brief description of the study sites, including information about the elevational ...
Global Climate Change: Science and Economics
... suitable for life. Without it, the average surface temperature on the planet would average around –18° C (0° F), instead of approximately 15°C (60° F). ―The possibility of an enhanced or man-made greenhouse effect was introduced by the Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius in 1896. Arrhenius hypothesiz ...
... suitable for life. Without it, the average surface temperature on the planet would average around –18° C (0° F), instead of approximately 15°C (60° F). ―The possibility of an enhanced or man-made greenhouse effect was introduced by the Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius in 1896. Arrhenius hypothesiz ...
Australia`s coral reefs in a changing ocean
... however, complicate projections for coral bleaching and ocean acidification risks at highlatitude reefs. The East Australian Current is strengthening, delivering more warm water to southeastern reefs including Lord Howe Island, whereas the Leeuwin current is predicted to slow down, enhancing the pot ...
... however, complicate projections for coral bleaching and ocean acidification risks at highlatitude reefs. The East Australian Current is strengthening, delivering more warm water to southeastern reefs including Lord Howe Island, whereas the Leeuwin current is predicted to slow down, enhancing the pot ...
climate science and the uncertainty monster
... regarding CO2 mitigation has arguably resulted in: • unwarranted high confidence in assessments of climate change attribution, sensitivity and projections • relative neglect of black swans and dragon kings • relative neglect of decadal and longer scale modes of natural climate variability • confl ...
... regarding CO2 mitigation has arguably resulted in: • unwarranted high confidence in assessments of climate change attribution, sensitivity and projections • relative neglect of black swans and dragon kings • relative neglect of decadal and longer scale modes of natural climate variability • confl ...
The Influence of Climate Change on Global Crop Productivity
... and P over a 50-year period (2040–2060 versus 1990– 2010) from 16 climate models. Results from each climate model are averaged across crop areas in five continents. The average model-projected rates of warming are similar to the mean observed rates since 1980 of roughly 0.3°C per decade (Fig. 2). The ...
... and P over a 50-year period (2040–2060 versus 1990– 2010) from 16 climate models. Results from each climate model are averaged across crop areas in five continents. The average model-projected rates of warming are similar to the mean observed rates since 1980 of roughly 0.3°C per decade (Fig. 2). The ...
5-Russel 2012
... ameliorates the eVects of stressors over local scales. Habitatformers, or biogenic habitats, are often seen as ecosystem engineers (sensu Jones et al. 1994, 1997) because they can substantially alter the physical conditions in close proximity to their populations. Importantly, habitat-formers can Wl ...
... ameliorates the eVects of stressors over local scales. Habitatformers, or biogenic habitats, are often seen as ecosystem engineers (sensu Jones et al. 1994, 1997) because they can substantially alter the physical conditions in close proximity to their populations. Importantly, habitat-formers can Wl ...
Notes G1 - 1.1-1.6 Climate change Word document
... sediment record provides a complete history of climate changes during the past several million years. The most important discovery of the dep sea record is that Earth has experienced numerous major glacial advances during the Pleistocene, not just the four that had been identified previously. [9] Th ...
... sediment record provides a complete history of climate changes during the past several million years. The most important discovery of the dep sea record is that Earth has experienced numerous major glacial advances during the Pleistocene, not just the four that had been identified previously. [9] Th ...
![[pdf]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008848409_1-cbcfc4c3cc5f9daa1534bf2dca05c55a-300x300.png)
[pdf]
... to an IOD-like pattern at the surface—reduced (enhanced) SST warming and rainfall over the eastern (western) EIO, with easterly wind change along the equator. Previous studies suggest that the IOD-like pattern, especially the shoaling thermocline in the eastern EIO (EEIO), could strengthen the inter ...
... to an IOD-like pattern at the surface—reduced (enhanced) SST warming and rainfall over the eastern (western) EIO, with easterly wind change along the equator. Previous studies suggest that the IOD-like pattern, especially the shoaling thermocline in the eastern EIO (EEIO), could strengthen the inter ...
The Politicization of Climate Change and Polarization in the American
... *Direct all correspondence to Aaron M. McCright, Lyman Briggs College, Michigan State University, E-185 ...
... *Direct all correspondence to Aaron M. McCright, Lyman Briggs College, Michigan State University, E-185 ...
Long-Term Climate Trends and Extreme Events in Northern
... 3.1. Temperature and Precipitation Variability and Trends The weather stations were located over a wide range of latitudinal, altitudinal and continental-oceanic values (Figure 1, Table 1). The 100-year mean annual temperature ranged from −0.6 to 2.8 ◦ C across the stations. Tromsø (4) and Vardø (5) ...
... 3.1. Temperature and Precipitation Variability and Trends The weather stations were located over a wide range of latitudinal, altitudinal and continental-oceanic values (Figure 1, Table 1). The 100-year mean annual temperature ranged from −0.6 to 2.8 ◦ C across the stations. Tromsø (4) and Vardø (5) ...
California Department of Fish: Incorporating Climate Change into
... Provide a basic foundation • Recommended readings of climate change knowledge for ALL staff so • Participation in online forum that they may better • Final project incorporate climate considerations into work • Opportunities for certification responsibilities as • Awards ceremony appropriate ...
... Provide a basic foundation • Recommended readings of climate change knowledge for ALL staff so • Participation in online forum that they may better • Final project incorporate climate considerations into work • Opportunities for certification responsibilities as • Awards ceremony appropriate ...
1 - QUBES hub
... STUDENT INSTRUCTIONS Introduction Climate change as a result of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is clear in both climatological and biological data. Global temperatures have increased by 0.74°C ± 0.18°C over the past 100 years (1906-2005), although some regions experience locally greate ...
... STUDENT INSTRUCTIONS Introduction Climate change as a result of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is clear in both climatological and biological data. Global temperatures have increased by 0.74°C ± 0.18°C over the past 100 years (1906-2005), although some regions experience locally greate ...
“Hot Pink Flamingos: Stories of Hope in a Changing Sea” Exhibit
... green sea turtles that could disappear in a warmer ocean. Countries and cities that have set goals for reducing their carbon footprint are the focus in “World of Change.” The message is brought closer to home in “Hope Taking Root,” where examples of local actions that are making a difference encoura ...
... green sea turtles that could disappear in a warmer ocean. Countries and cities that have set goals for reducing their carbon footprint are the focus in “World of Change.” The message is brought closer to home in “Hope Taking Root,” where examples of local actions that are making a difference encoura ...
Global warming under old and new scenarios using IPCC climate
... both short- (for example, soot or other aerosols) and long-lived species. For an equivalent CO2 concentration of 450 parts per million CO2 equivalent (ppm CO2 e), Table 10.8 of the AR4 gives a best-guess temperature increase above pre-industrial at equilibrium of 2.1 ◦ C (‘very likely’ or with great ...
... both short- (for example, soot or other aerosols) and long-lived species. For an equivalent CO2 concentration of 450 parts per million CO2 equivalent (ppm CO2 e), Table 10.8 of the AR4 gives a best-guess temperature increase above pre-industrial at equilibrium of 2.1 ◦ C (‘very likely’ or with great ...
Slide 1 - Rutgers University
... • How are periodic fluctuations in Earth’s climate related to slow changes in the shape of Earth’s orbit? • How sensitive is Earth’s climate to radiative forcing? • Did changes in the ocean’s overturning circulation cause millennial-scale climate variability? • Was tropical Pacific climate variabili ...
... • How are periodic fluctuations in Earth’s climate related to slow changes in the shape of Earth’s orbit? • How sensitive is Earth’s climate to radiative forcing? • Did changes in the ocean’s overturning circulation cause millennial-scale climate variability? • Was tropical Pacific climate variabili ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.